-— GeOupi ADEFUIN, MA. CRYZTAL AFABLE, TRISHA MARIE PARTS OF A PLANT Plants are one of the two major groups of living organisms that are an essential entity to the function of the biosphere. IMPORTANCE OF THE PLANTS A Source of Food A very obvious reason for using plants in everyday life is that they are a very nutritious source of food. Farmers grow rice, wheat, fruit, vegetables, everything on plants, and this has been the staple food source since time immortal. There are innumerable foods that are plant- based. Medical Use People have been using plants for centuries to make medicines, and this is one of the biggest causes of deforestation. Plants may have an answer to various incurable diseases Animal Habitats Animals greatly benefit from plants. Herbivores eat plants. Plants are also used as shelter/living space for many animal species including bird nests, beehives, insect nests etc.FLOWERS LEAVES Shoot system Root system Parts of a Plant _—-Flower Helps in reproduction —Leat Performs photosynthesis. ~Fruit Protects the seeds Stem ‘Supports the Ze and minerals ee Z Las = Root ‘Absorbs water 1 Senate ‘They are the most colorful and attractive parts of the plant. Their function is to help the sexual reproduction of plants and stimulating pollination in plants and fertilization of the ovule. Mostly found above the ground and attached to the stem. Their functions is making food with the help of sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water through photosynthesis.EEE ee FRUITS Ripened ovary found in flower after fertilization. They protect the growing seeds and helping the dispersal of seeds and thus in plant reproduction. Found above the ground and are structurally divided into nodes and internodes. They provide strength and support to buds, flowers, leaves, and fruits and transport food, water and materials to all parts of the plant body ROOTS Lies below the surface of the soil. They absorb water and minerals from the soil and storing food for future use.VASCULAR VS. NON-VASCULAR PLANTS Vascular |) Non-vascular | Plants that have vascular Plants that don’t have tubes to transport water vascular tubes. and food. Phloem Xylem Phloem Xylem VASCULAR Vascular plants, which have a well- developed vascular system, include seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms) and ferns. NON-VASCULAR Non-vascular plants, such as mosses and liverworts, lack a true vascular system.Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts: Marchantia Polymorpha: Common liverwort. q Anthoceros: Anthoceros species PLANTS DEVELOP FROM A SEED BEAN PLANT How a plant grows trom a seed ae a Lad | APPLE LIFE CYCLE 9d. LIFE CYCLE t APPLE TREE VF Bean seeds germinate when planted in soil and provided with water. The seedling emerges from the soil and grows into a plant with vines, leaves, and eventually produces bean pods containing seeds for the next generation. Apple seeds germinate when they are planted in soil and exposed to the right conditions. The seedling grows into a small tree with branches, leaves, and eventually produces flowers that develop into apples.Vascular and Non- (~* Vascular Plants Vascular Plants Examples Forns ee yal Fern: Osmunda regalis Preridium, OqUitinur, Royal Fe seeratie eevee ‘common Moss: Polytrichum commune Sphagnum Moss: Sphagnum species70 Vascular Plants oD Vascular Plants Examples “Angiosperms (Flowering Plants) vi a ; EES si ss i Pine Trees spruces firs(7? Anatomy of seed CORN SEED (monocot) Endosperm ‘The seed is made up of three parts: ‘The Embryo ~ gives rise to the new plant. ‘The Endosperm - nourishes and provides food for the seedling. Embryo ‘The Seed Coat - the hard outer covering that Cotyledon —— protects the embryo. Some seed coats are \ hard (peas and corn), while some are Seed coat — \ comparatively soft (tomatoes and peppers) Epicoty! Radicle " Hypocotyl Seed germination tee caso seedcoa | caton Yess poco ay ade 1 pect ont — ‘The process by which a seed transforms into a plant (seedling) in optimum sunlight, air, and water is called germination. The seed can grow within its range of minimum and maximum temperatures. Any temperature above this range can either damage the seeds or make them dormant. Once the seed bursts, the root, and the cotyledons are still present, while the seed coat falls in the soil and detaches itself from the plant. The cotyledons continue providing food to the baby plant until the leaves emerge and produce their own food. After the root, the hypocotyl and the epicotyl grow upwards and form the plant's stem; the epicotyl forms the first leaves. When the epicotyl emerges, the stem has reached above the ground, and the leaves begin to grow. The cotyledons fall off since their job is done, and the plant can produce its own food. Thus, the process of germination is complete. Seeds come in many shapes and sizes and also have different requirements for growth.