THE AIMS AND TASKS OF THE CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF TURKMEN AND ENGLISH

Comparing different languages, we can see that the similar features can be discovered in many
languages. For example, in the Uzbek and Turkish languages there are many words of the same root morpheme. This phenomenon shows
that these languages belong to the single genetic group of languages. It is the genetic group of Turkic languages. The similar structural
features are also discovered in the languages, which don’t belong to the same genetic group of languages. So in the attributive
combination of words an attribute precedes a noun without any agreement and this phenomenon can be found in the English language
and in the Turkic languages, for example in the Turkmen language. For example:
Gözel gyz
A beautiful girl
The aim of the contrastive analysis of Turkmen and English is to find out similarities and differences between these two languages. The
main task of this course is to analyze these similarities and differences and to work out the ways of conveying the differences from one
language into another.

THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF TURKMEN AND ENGLISH

Morphology as a part of grammatical theory faces the two segmental units: the morpheme and the word. The morpheme is a meaningful
segmental component of the word; the morpheme
is formed by phonemes.
The word is a nominative unit of language; it is formed by morphemes. Together with
other nominative units the word is used for the formation of the sentence. There are two types of morphemes in Turkmen: root
morphemes and affixal morphemes.

Due to their meaning Turkmen and English affixes are divided into two Types: derivational (lexical) affixes and functional (grammatical)
affixes. Derivational affixes are used in word-building. They derive new words. Examples Of derivational affixes are –yjy/-iji (okyjy, çekiji), -
er (reader), -lyk (çagalyk), -Hood (childhood), -luk (dostluk), -ship (friendship), and etc. Functional affixes are used in form-building and
serve to express different grammatical meaning. Examples of functional affixes are: -rak/-räk (uzynrak, köneräk), -er (longer), -lar/-Ler
(ogullar, depderler), -s (sons), -yň (Amanyň),’s (Aman’s), -dy/-di (oturdy, Işledi), -ed (worked), -an/en (ýazylan, getiren), -en (written) and
etc.
English is an analytic language, it is characterized by the use of separate words, such as auxiliary verbs and prepositions.

THE NOTION OF WORD COMBINATION AND SENTENCE IN TURKMEN AND ENGLISH

From the linguistic point of view, word combinations fall into the following two main groups: phraseological units and free word
combinations phraseological units are word combinations in which the components lost their meaning and express equal idea. The
components of phraseological units cannot change their place as the meaning of phraseological unit. For example: to Sit on the fence –
piňine bolmazlyk, to show one’s true colors – ýüzüne basmak, to
be cut of the same colour – suw getirenem bir, küýze döwenem bir etmek free combinations are combinations permitting some changes in
their structure (ene söýgüsi- ene mähri, a grave situation – grave news). Both types of word combinations consist of main and dependent
components. The dependent component of free word combination is used in the syntactical function of attribute and it can be placed by
other part of speech used in this syntactical function. For Example: ýüpek haly – nepis haly – ýomut halysy, silken carpet – delicate caret –
yomut carpet. A sentence is a unit of speech whose grammatical structure conforms to the laws of the language and which serves as the
chief means of conveying a thought. A sentence is not only a means of communicating something about reality but also a means of
showing the speaker’s attitude to it.