Techniques for Selecting

and Organizing Information

LESSON 2
Brainstorming List
 Brainstorming
•A group creativity technique by which efforts are
made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by
gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed by
its members.
Nominal Group
Technique

1
• Participants are asked to write their ideas anonymously.
Then the facilitator collects the ideas and the group
votes on each idea.
Group Passing
Technique
• Each person in a circular group writes down one
idea and then passes the piece of paper to the
next person, who adds some thoughts. This
continues until everybody gets his/her original
piece of paper back.
• Thiscontinues until the distribution list is exhausted.
This technique takes longer, but it allows

2
individuals time to think deeply about the
problem.
• This brainstorming method works in association.
• It
starts with a well-defined topic. Each individual
brainstorm individually, then all ideas are merged into a
large idea map.
• Once all ideas are captured, the group can take
action.

3 Team Idea Mapping Method

4 Directed Brainstorming
• This
is a variation of electronic
brainstorming.
• It
can be done manually or with
computers.
• Each
participant is given one sheet of
paper and told the brainstorming question.
• Eachis asked to produce one response
and stop; then all the papers are swapped
among the participants who are invited to
improve the ideas.
 Guided
Brainstorming |5
• This
kind is time set aside to brainstorm either
individually or as a collective group about a particular
subject to the constraints of perspective and time.
• Participants
are asked to adopt different mindsets for a
pre-defined period while contributing their ideas to a
basic mind map drawn by a pre-appointed scribe.
 Individual Brainstorming
• Itis the use of brainstorming in solitary
situations.
• It
includes visual note taking techniques
in which people diagram their thoughts.

6
• It
is a useful method in creative writing
and has been shown to be superior to
traditional group brainstorming.
 • This
process involves brainstorming WHO
the questions, rather than trying to
come up with immediate answers
HOW WHAT
and short-term solutions.
• Once a list of issues is set, it may be
necessary to prioritize them to
reach the best solution in an
WHEN WHERE
orderly way.

7| Question WHY

Brainstorming
Graphic Organizer
 Graphic Organizer
• A communication tool that uses symbols to express
knowledge, concepts, thoughts, or ideas, and the
relationships between them.
• It aims to provide a visual aid to facilitate learning
and instruction.
Forms of Graphic
Organizers
1. RELATIONAL
ORGANIZERS - Storyboard
- Cause and Effect
Web
- Fishbone chart
2. CATEGORY/CLASSIFICATION
ORGANIZERS

- Concept mapping
- KWL tables
- Mind mapping
 - Cycle

3. SEQUENCE
- Ladder
ORGANIZERS

- Chain
4. COMPARE/CONTRAST
ORGANIZERS

- Dashboard (business)
- Venn diagrams
 - Word web

5. CONCEPT
- Story web
DEVELOPMENT
Outline
 Outline
• It is valuable for several purposes:
a. For organizing one’s thoughts before writing,
b. For checking the organization of a piece after it
has been written, and
c. For understanding a different reading assignment
Kinds of Outline
 TOPIC OUTLINE
✓ every heading is a word or phrase, not a complete
sentence
✓ this is sufficient for short papers, and is especially suited to
documents such as exposition of a process or classification,
in which logical connections are no problem.
 SENTENCE OUTLINE
✓ every heading consists of a complete sentence
✓ this is usually useful to longer papers, such as research
paper.
✓ It is much better than a topic outline for any paper that
requires the writer to see the logical relationships of the
various parts.
 Format of an Outline

1. Alphanumeric
2. Decimal
 Things to remember
1. Use roman numerals for main idea.
7. Begin every point in the outline with a
2. Use capital letters for subheading. capital letter.

3. Use Arabic numerals for supporting 8. In a topic outline, state each point as
details. a word or a phrase, not a complete
sentence.
4. Place a period after the numerals and
letters that introduce the points in the 9. Do not place periods after any of the
outline. points in the topic outline.

5. Indent each level of the outline. 10. In a topic outline, state the points of
each division in parallel form.
6. If there is an A, there must also be
letter B. If there is 1, there must also be
2.