FINAL PLATE HOA NOTES

Friday, February 9, 2024 5:06 PM

JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE KOREAN ARCHITECTURE

Cues:
Architecture that best represents Japan;
• Temples Look up traditional Japanese
• Gardens farmhouses.
• Palaces
What the hell is Feudalism?

TEMPLE Look up Floating Torii Gate.

Buddhist Temple consists of; Source HIST3 L4: KOREAN ARCHITECTURE CHARACTER & HISTORY
• Main Hall
• Lecture Hall Korean traditional architecture exists within the context of Asian traditional
• Pagoda architecture. Nonetheless, it has developed according to its own particular set of
• Gate characteristic - its flexible response to topography and surrounding mountains, the
• Temple Bells organic layout of its buildings, its reiteration and metastasis of spaces - that
• Cemetery distinguish it from the architecture of China and Japan.

Shitennouji Temple, Osaka

○ One of the Earliest Temple TEMPLES OF THE 3 DIFFERENT KINGDOMS
○ Linear arrangement of gate, pagoda, main hall
and lecture hall.

Western Precinct of Horyuji, Nara

○ Inner gate
○ Pagoda
○ Main hall - two storey building with Moya (houses
the altar with images.)
○ Lecture Hall
○ Pent Roofs - midway of the 1st floor give the • GOGURYEO
Appearance of additional storey - to cover outer Were built with the three sanctums arranged to the north, east and west
aisles (hisashi) to provide more space. Not a mezzanine central wooden octagonal pagoda. This layout corresponds to that of Japan's
Asuka-dera and Horyuji temples, indicating that Goguryeo's architectural
Todaiji Temple, Nara (BIG ASS PAGODA) culture was transmitted to Japan.
○ Hondo - sometimes called the Golden Hall, a building that houses
Buddhists Statues.

Toji, Kyoto
Kofukuji, Nara

Toji (Eastern Temple)

○ Founded as the city's guardian temple in the year 794, the same
year in
which Kyoto became Japan's new capital.
○ Toji is known for its five storied Pagoda, Japan's tallest with a height • SILLA
of 57 meters. Differed from the other two kingdoms in its frequent use of brick-like patterns
○ Toji is one of Kyoto's many UNESCO world heritage sites. in the construction of pagodas. The pagoda at Bunhwangsa Temple for
example, consists of stone cut into the shapes of bricks and was built using a
Kofukuji Temple bricklaying technique.
○ Used to be the family temple of the Fujiwara Clan, most powerful
family clan
during the Nara and Heian Periods. Feudalism. • PAGODA/TAP
○ Established in Nara at the same time as the capital in 710. At the Almost similar to Japan, according to expert or so the narrator said, Korean
peak of Fujiwara architecture was ahead of its time compared to Japan.
power, the temple consisted of over 150 buildings
○ The five storey pagoda is one of Japan's tallest and the symbol of GORYEO PERIOD
Nara. The construction of stone pagodas and stupas continued in the Goryeo period. The
number of stone pagodas greatly increased, with strong expressions of regional
character. This led to a diversification of forms and heights, with some pagodas
Terms used by specific denominations (Hondo) reaching 11 stories.
Kondo = Shotokushu
Shingon, Hosso = Other Denominations WOODEN ARCHITECTURE
Chudo = Tendai
Butsuden = Zen
Amidado = Jodo Shinsu

Terms used by specific denominations (Kodo)

Ninaido = Tendai
Hatto = Zen
Kanjodo = Esoteric Buddhism

Japanese Temple components; Jusimpo (Column-head bracket)

Hisashi = Aisles surrounding the Moya.

Moya = Central Hall. (Used for Rituals. Odd number of bays in width by two
depth)
Kodo = Lecture Hall. (Used for meetings, lectures and displays
for object of worship.)
Butto = Pagoda (structure that evolved from the Indian Stupa. Also stores the
remains of Buddha such as a tooth, in form of a representation.)

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depth)
Kodo = Lecture Hall. (Used for meetings, lectures and displays
for object of worship.)
Butto = Pagoda (structure that evolved from the Indian Stupa. Also stores the
remains of Buddha such as a tooth, in form of a representation.)

Gate (Mon) = Entrance to the Temple Grounds. Usually one main gate, but can Dapo (Multi-Bracket)
be
followed by consecutive others through approach.

Temple Bell = Rang a 108 times matching the Buddhism concept of 108 worldly
desires.

Cemetery = Most of them are Buddhist and located in a temple. (Japanese

people visit
their ancestor's grave on many occasions during the year such as; obon week,
equinoctial
weeks and anniversaries.)

Parts of Japanese Pagoda

○ Sorin = Top Part (Spire)
○ Toshin = Body or Core
○ Kidan = Foundation

Three basic styles of Pagoda.

Hoto = One storey with a dome.
Tahoto = Two storey with a dome.
Tajuto = Three, five, seven or more stories (with
an odd number) without a dome.

Japanese Pagoda, Square Plan = Chinese Pagoda, Hexagon or Octagonal

Plan

Wood as main building material.

Utilization of Post and Lintel techniques where the eaves

of the roof are cantilevered over the verandah by brackets that
rest on lintels.

Utilization of Bracketing Method adapted from the Chinese. Wood joinery

that made them able to construct larger and heavier roofs.

NARA PERIOD TEMPLES

WEST PAGODA OF YAKUSHIJI TEMPLE

• Recent reproduction of an old Nara Temple
• Reconstructed on the site of an original pagoda to around
730.
• Painted ren na yey.

TODAIJI GREAT EASTERN TEMPLE

• One of Japan's most famous and historically significant temples and
a landmark of Nara.
• Constructed in 752 as the head temple of all provincial Buddhist temples
Of Japan and grew so powerful that the capital was moved from Nara to
Nagaoka in 784 in order to lower its influence on government affairs.
• Has a large heavy roof and complex bracket system.
• Houses Japan's largest Buddha statue (Daibutsu)
• World's largest wooden building, even though the present reconstruction
of 1692
Is only two thirds of the original temple's size.

TODAIJI TEMPLE (BELL TOWER)

• Bell Tower, which houses a bell dating back to 752
• Rebuilt in the Kamakura Period

POST - BUDDHIST SHINTO SHRINE

UJIGAMI SHRINE
• Shinto, religion.
• Nagare style, common style.
• No more ornate elements and is toned down.
• Entrance is on the long side as in the Shinmei style but the
roof is extended over the steps to provide shelter for worshippers.
• Curved roofs

Kasuga style 2nd most common style

Entrance is on the end and separate roof covers the stairs.

KASHIHARA JINGU
An example of state Shinto architecture with buildings covered corridors and
Large graveled areas reminiscent of Imperial Palace in Kyoto.

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TORII (SHINTO GATE)
• Gate without doors - entrance to a Shinto shrine precinct.
• Provide a dividing line between the exterior world and interior sacred
space of the kami.
• Made from wood, stone or metal and sometimes painted red.

FUSHIMI INARI SHRINE

Many Torii na pinagawa ng various companies.

PALACES AND CASTLES

• Important development of the late 16th c. arose as a result of feudal
warfare.
• Fortified castles, of which one still exists at Himeji, were based on the
European
donjon and were erected on high bases formed of enormous stone blocks.
e.g. Nara Imperial Palace Site

EDO PERIOD (1615 - 1867)

Two particularly palaces were erected in and near Kyoto, both constructed on
an asymmetrical and
Flexible plan. More minimal the better.

1. Nijo Palace - noted for carved wood, black lacquer, gold decorations and
screen paintings.
2. Katsura Palace - simple and elegant and its merging of outdoor and
indoor spaces.

Characteristics;
○ Principal style of Japanese dwelling of the upper class - refined and
simple
○ Interior posts form a supporting skeleton for the roof.
○ The exterior walls usually consists of movable panels that slide in
grooves.
○ Wood panels (used at night or in rainy weather) alternate with the
screens of mounted rice paper ( used in warm weather)
○ Interior of the house is flexibly subdivided by screens (shoji) into a
series of airy spaces.
○ Important rooms are provided with a tokonoma, an alcove for the
display of a flower arrangement and a few carefully chosen objects
of art.
○ Often a separate space is set aside for the tea ceremony, either
incorporated within the house or constructed as a pavilion in the
garden.

Traditional Japanese Interior

○ A multitude of partially-screened geometrically-arranged rooms
with sliding doors that can be opened to create large spaces or close
to create private rooms.
○ Translucent paper walls between the rooms allowed people to see
shadows in the next rooms but not clearly see what was making the
shadows. e.g. Tea Houses.

Castles
○ Constant warfare during the decentralized feudalism
○ Symbolize power of the lord and provide luxurious living quarters
for living and entertaining. Reached its height in the Momoyama
Period (1572-1600).
○ e.g. Hirosaki Castle, Aomori Prefecture; Himeji Castle

TYPES OF CASTLES

○ Mountain Top Castles (Yamashiro)

- Protected by the rough terrain as well as the reluctance of Japanese
to attack the habitat of spirits associated with nature.
○ Flatland Mountain Castles (Hirayamajiro)
Built on a hill or high plateau in the middle of a lord's domain with
residences
Require special fortification such as stone walls, moats and
earthworks.
○ Flatland Castles (Hirajiro)
Erected on plains where surrounding castle towns could be built to
serve as administrative centers.
○ Water Castles (Mizushiro)
Jut out into a body of water.

DONJON (Dungeon)
○ Multi-storied building where the Lord and his retainer lived were the
most important part
○ Originated in the watch tower constructed on top of a samurai
residence, framed in wood or exposed or exposed but later walls
were plastered and painted white.

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 were plastered and painted white.
○ Main defense was provided not by the donjon but by the moats,
ponds, and walls that created a maze of corridors and courtyards.

DECLINE OF CASTLE CULTURE

○ Edo period with the consolidation of power under the Tokugawe
shogunate.
○ They exist but only serve as symbols.
○ Each province should only have one castle to serve as a locus of
power for the local warlord (daimyo).

HIMEJI CASTLE
○ Acclaimed as the most beautiful castle in Japan evolved from a fort
built by the ruler of Harima 1333.
○ Situated on a hill, steep at the back and sloping toward the
surrounding plain in front.

OSAKA CASTLE

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