Chemistry 12

Examination Booklet
August 2006
Form A

DO NOT OPEN ANY EXAMINATION MATERIALS UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO.

FOR FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS REFER TO THE RESPONSE BOOKLET.

Contents: 17 pages Examination: 2 hours

50 multiple-choice questions Additional Time Permitted: 60 minutes
8 written-response questions © Province of British Columbia
 PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE

Suggested Time: 80 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS: For each question, select the best answer and record your choice on the Answer
Sheet provided. Using an HB pencil, completely fill in the bubble that has the letter
corresponding to your answer.

You have Examination Booklet Form A. In the box above #1 on your Answer Sheet, fill in the
bubble as follows.

Exam Booklet Form/ A B C D E F G H

Cahier d’examen

1. Which of the following would not be units for reaction rate?

A. g s
B. M min
C. kJ mol
D. kPa min

2. Consider the reaction:

2 Al(s) + 3CuCl2 (aq) Æ 2 AlCl 3 (aq) + 3Cu(s)

What is the rate of Al consumption in mol min if 0.98 g Cu are produced in 2.5 minutes?

A. 4.1 ¥ 10 -3 mol min

B. 6.2 ¥ 10 -3 mol min
C. 9.3 ¥ 10 -3 mol min
D. 3.9 ¥ 10 -1 mol min

Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A Page 1

 3. Which of the following describes what happens to the KE and PE as an activated complex
forms products?

KE PE

A. decreases increases

B. decreases decreases

C. increases increases

D. increases decreases

Use the following reaction mechanism to answer questions 4 and 5.

Step 1: 2NO Æ N2O2 (fast)

Step 2: N2O2 + H2 Æ N2O + H2O (slow)

Step 3: N2O + H2 Æ N2 + H2O (fast)

4. Increasing the concentration of which of the following substances would cause the greatest increase
in the reaction rate?

A. H2
B. NO
C. N2O
D. H2O

5. Which of the following are products in the overall reaction?

I N2

II N2O2

III N2O

IV H2O

A. I and II only
B. I and IV only
C. II and III only
D. III and IV only
Page 2 Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A
 Use the following diagram to answer questions 6 and 7.

300
250
200 ................................
PE
(kJ) 150
100
50
0
Progress of the reaction

6. Which of the following are the values for the activation energy (E a ) and change in enthalpy ( DH)
for the reverse reaction?

E a ( kJ) DH ( kJ)

A. 300 –50

B. 150 +50

C. 100 –50

D. 100 +50

7. If the above PE diagram represents a reversible reaction that reaches equilibrium, which of the
following must be true for the forward reaction?

A. Enthalpy change favours products and entropy is increasing.

B. Enthalpy change favours reactants and entropy is increasing.
C. Enthalpy change favours products and entropy is decreasing.
D. Enthalpy change favours reactants and entropy is decreasing.

Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A Page 3

 8. Consider the following:

?
energy + NH 4SH(s) Æ
¨ NH 3 (g) + H2S(g)

Which of the following describes how enthalpy and entropy change in the forward direction?

Enthalpy Entropy

A. increasing increasing

B. increasing decreasing

C. decreasing decreasing

D. decreasing increasing

9. Consider the following diagram for the equilibrium system:

N2O 4 (g) + energy Æ

¨ 2NO2 (g)
Concentrations (M)

NO2

N2O4

t1

Time (min)

Which of the following stresses was applied at time t1?

A. [ NO2 ] was increased.

B. [ N2O 4 ] was decreased.
C. Temperature was increased.
D. Temperature was decreased.

Page 4 Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A

 10. Styrene is manufactured as follows:

C 6H5CH2CH 3 (g) + 123 kJ Æ

¨ C 6H5CHCH2 (g) + H2 (g)
styrene

Which of the following describes the temperature and pressure needed for the maximum
yield of styrene?

Temperature Pressure

A. low low

B. low high

C. high low

D. high high

11. Consider the following reactions:

I Na 2O(s) Æ
¨ 2Na (l) +
1
2
O2 (g) Keq = 2 ¥ 10 -25

II Na 2O2 (s) Æ
¨ 2Na (l) + O2 (g) Keq = 5 ¥ 10 -29

III 2Na 2O(s) Æ

¨ 4Na (l) + O2 (g) Keq = 3 ¥ 10 -14

Which of the following lists the reactions in order, from the greatest [ O2 ] at equilibrium, to the
least [ O2 ] at equilibrium?

A. I, II, III
B. I, III, II
C. III, I, II
D. III, II, I

Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A Page 5

 12. Consider the equilibrium:

CaCO 3 (s) Æ
¨ CaO(s) + CO2 (g)

In a 5.0 L container at equilibrium there are 2.42 g CO2 , 1.00 g CaCO 3 and 1.00 g CaO .
Which of the following is the value of Keq ?

A. 0.055
B. 0.011
C. 0.020
D. 91

13. Consider the following equilibrium:

CCl 4 (g) Æ
¨ C (s) + 2Cl2 (g)

Initially, 0.31 mol CCl 4 was placed in a 1.0 L container. At equilibrium, [ Cl2 ] = 0.060 M .
Which of the following is the value of Keq ?

A. 3.9 ¥ 10 - 4
B. 1.3 ¥ 10 -2
C. 1.4 ¥ 10 -2
D. 7.8 ¥ 101

14. Consider the following equilibrium:

3NO2 (g) Æ
¨ N2O5 (g) + NO(g) Keq = 1.0 ¥ 10 -11

Initially, some NO2 , N2O5 and NO were placed in a container and allowed to reach equilibrium.
When equilibrium was established, it was found that the pressure had increased. Which of the
following explains what happened?

A. Trial Keq > Keq so the system shifted left.

B. Trial Keq < Keq so the system shifted left.
C. Trial Keq > Keq so the system shifted right.
D. Trial Keq < Keq so the system shifted right.

Page 6 Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A

 15. Which condition is essential to prepare a saturated solution of an ionic salt?

A. an excess of solute
B. any amount of solute
C. a temperature of 25∞C
D. a fixed volume of solvent

16. Which compound will have the greatest solubility?

A. CoS
B. CuS
C. FeS
D. MgS

17. What is the net ionic equation for the reaction between equal volumes
of 0.20 M BaS and 0.20 M BeSO 4 ?

A. Be 2 + (aq ) + S2- (aq ) Æ BeS(s)

2-
B. Ba 2 + (aq ) + SO4 (aq ) Æ BaSO4 (s)
C. BaS(aq ) + BeSO4 (aq ) Æ BaSO4 (s) + BeS(s)
2-
D. Ba 2 + (aq) + S2 - (aq) + Be2 + (aq) + SO 4 (aq) Æ BaSO 4 (s) + Be2 + (aq) + S2 - (aq)

18. Which of the following substances will have the least effect on the equilibrium in a saturated
solution of PbI2 (s) ?

A. HI
B. Na 2S
C. NaNO 3
D. Pb(NO 3 )2

Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A Page 7

 2 2- 3
19. Which equation has the K sp expression: K sp = [ Al 3+ ] SO 4 [ ] ?

2-
A. 2 Al 3+ (aq) + 3SO 4 (aq) Æ Al2 (SO 4 ) 3 (s)
2-
B. Al2 (SO 4 ) 3 (s) Æ 3+
¨ Al (aq) + SO 4 (aq)
2-
C. Al (SO ) (s) Æ
2 4 3
3+
¨ 2 Al (aq) + 3SO (aq) 4
3+ 2- Æ
D. 3Al (aq) + 2SO 4 (aq) ¨ Al2 (SO 4 ) 3 (s)

20. What is the K sp for Zn(OH)2 if it has a solubility of 1.3 ¥ 10 -7 mol L ?

A. 2.2 ¥ 10 -21
B. 8.8 ¥ 10 -21
C. 1.7 ¥ 10 -14
D. 3.6 ¥ 10 - 4

21. Which compound will have the lowest solubility?

A. AgNO 3
B. AgBrO 3
C. SrSO 4
D. SrCO 3

22. A definition for a Brønsted-Lowry acid should contain which of the following phrases?

A. the donation of H +
B. the donation of OH -
C. the acceptance of H +
D. the acceptance of OH -

Page 8 Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A

 23. Which equation represents the reaction of a Brønsted-Lowry base with water?

A. 2Na + 2H2O Æ 2NaOH + H2

+
B. N2H 4 + H2O Æ
¨ N2H5 + OH
-

2- 3-
C. HPO 4 +H O Æ 2
+
¨ H O + PO 3 4
-
D. H2C 2O 4 + H2O Æ +
¨ H 3O + HC 2O 4

24. Given the equilibrium:

- - Æ 2-
H2BO 3 + H2PO 4 ¨ H 3BO 3 + HPO 4

Which is the strongest acid?

A. HPO 42-
B. H 3BO 3
-
C. H2PO 4
D. H2BO 3-

25. Which species will result in a solution with the greatest [H 3O + ] ?

A. NaCN
B. Na 3PO 4
C. Na 2CO 3
D. Na 2C 2O 4

26. Which species is not amphiprotic?

A. H2O
B. H 3BO 3
-
C. H2PO 4
D. H2C 6H5O 7-

Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A Page 9

 27. At a given temperature a sample of pure water has a pH = 7.10 .
Which of the following is true?

Sample Reason

A. acidic pH > 7.00

B. basic pH > 7.00

C. neutral pOH < pH

D. neutral [H 3O + ] = [OH - ]

28. Which of the following is a definition of pH ?

A. pH = log [H 3O + ]
B. pH = pOH + 14
C. pH = - log [H 3O + ]
D. pH = pOH + pK w

29. What is the mass of NaOH required to prepare 100.0 mL of NaOH(aq) that
has a pH = 13.62 ?

A. 0.38 g
B. 0.42 g
C. 1.67 g
D. 2.40 ¥ 10 -14 g

30. Which of the following hypothetical acids would have the lowest conductivity?

Acid Ka
A. 0.5 M HY 1.0 ¥ 10 -1
B. 1.0 M HA 1.0 ¥ 10 - 6
C. 1.0 M H2B 1.0 ¥ 10 -2
D. 2.0 M HX 1.0 ¥ 10 -3

Page 10 Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A

 31. What is the net ionic equation for the hydrolysis of NH 4Cl ?

+
A. NH 4Cl(aq) Æ -
¨ NH 4 (aq) + Cl (aq)
B. Cl - (aq) + H2O(l) Æ -
¨ HCl(aq) + OH (aq)
+
C. NH 4 (aq) + H2O(l) Æ +
¨ H 3O (aq) + NH 3 (aq)
+ 2+
D. NH 4 (aq) + H2O(l) Æ -
¨ HNH 4 (aq) + OH (aq)

32. What is the approximate pH of a 0.1 M solution of the salt NH 4Cl ?

A. 1.0
B. 5.0
C. 7.0
D. 9.0

33. Consider the following indicator equilibrium:

HIn(aq) + H2O(l) Æ + -
¨ H 3O (aq) + In (aq)
colourless blue

What is the effect of adding HCl to a blue sample of this indicator?

Equilibrium Shift Colour Change

A. left less blue

B. left more blue

C. right less blue

D. right more blue

Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A Page 11

 34. An indicator has a K a = 4 ¥ 10 - 6. Which of the following is true for this indicator?

pH at Transition Point Indicator

A. 4.0 methyl orange

B. 4.0 bromcresol green

C. 5.4 methyl red

D. 5.4 bromcresol green

35. Oxalic acid dihydrate is a pure, stable, crystalline substance. Which of the following
describes one of its uses in acid-base titrations?

A. buffer
B. primary standard
C. chemical indicator
D. stoichiometric indicator

36. What is the net ionic equation that describes the reaction of HCl(aq) with Pb(OH)2 (s) ?

A. H + (aq) + OH - (aq) Æ H2O(l)

B. 2HCl(aq) + Pb(OH)2 ( s ) Æ PbCl2 (s) + 2H2O(l)
C. 2H + (aq) + 2Cl - (aq) + Pb(OH)2 (s) Æ PbCl2 (s) + 2H2O(l)
D. 2H + (aq) + 2Cl - (aq) + Pb2 + (aq) + 2 OH - (aq) Æ Pb2 + (aq) + 2Cl - (aq) + 2H2O(l)

37. Which of the following would be used to prepare an acidic buffer solution?

A. HF and H 3O +
B. H2S and NaHS
C. NH 3 and NH 4Cl
D. HNO 3 and NaNO 3

Page 12 Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A

 38. Four samples of rain are collected from different geographic regions and
the pH is measured for each sample.

Sample pH

1 2.8

2 4.0

3 6.2

4 6.8

Which of the above samples would be classified as acid rain?

A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

39. Which of the following best describes the process of oxidation?

A. the process in which oxygen is given off

B. the process in which electrons are gained
C. the process in which the oxidation number decreases
D. the process in which the oxidation number increases

40. What is the oxidation number of N in the mercury(II) compound Hg(NH 3 )2 Cl2 ?

A. -6
B. -4
C. -3
D. +3

41. Which of the following combinations will react spontaneously under standard conditions?

A. Ag + Br2
B. Ni + Co2 +
C. Zn + Mg2 +
D. Au + HNO 3

Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A Page 13

 42. Which of the following is a correctly balanced reduction half-reaction?

A. 2HCN + 2 e - Æ C 2N2 + 2H +
B. 2Sb + 3H2O + 6 e - Æ Sb2O 3 + 6H +
-
C. NO 3 + 3H + + 3e - Æ HNO2 + H2O
+
D. Sb2O5 + 6H + + 4 e - Æ 2Sb(OH)2 + H2O

43. Which of the following ion concentrations could be determined by a redox titration using
nitric acid? Assume the use of a suitable indicator.

A. Br -
B. Ni2+
C. Fe2+
D. Mn2+

44. A solution of KMnO 4 is standardized using oxalic acid (H2C 2O 4 ) according to the following
equation:

-
2MnO 4 + 5H2C 2O 4 + 6H + Æ 2Mn2 + + 10 CO2 + 8H2O

The titration of 0.134 g of oxalic acid required 24.70 mL of KMnO 4 solution. What is the
molarity of the KMnO 4 solution?

A. 5.96 ¥ 10 - 4 M
B. 1.49 ¥ 10 -3 M
C. 2.41 ¥ 10 -2 M
D. 6.03 ¥ 10 -2 M

Page 14 Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A

 Use the following diagram to answer questions 45 to 47.

Volts

Cathode M KNO Anode

.0

1
Pt Cu

3
(inert)

Layer 1: 1.0 M NaBr(aq)

Layer 2: Br2(l)

1.0 M Cu(NO3)2

45. What is the cathode reaction for this cell?

A. Na + + e - Æ Na
B. Br2 + 2 e - Æ 2Br -
C. 2Br - Æ Br2 + 2 e -
D. H2O Æ 1
2
O2 + 2H + + 2 e -

46. Which of the following best describes the movement of potassium ions and
electrons as the cell operates?

K + Ion Electron
Movement Movement
A. towards the Cu towards the Pt
B. towards the Cu towards the Cu
C. towards the Pt towards the Cu

D. towards the Pt towards the Pt

47. What is the standard cell voltage?

A. -0.75 V
B. +0.62 V
C. +0.75 V
D. +1.43 V

Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A Page 15

 48. A student constructs three standard electrochemical cells using the metals Pd, Cd and Ga with
1.0 M solutions of their ions. The student then records the voltages of Cell 1 and Cell 2 in the
following table.

Cell Anode Cathode Voltage

1 Ga Pd +1.18 V

2 Ga Cd +0.16 V

3 Cd Pd ?

What voltage should Cell 3 produce?

A. -1.34 V
B. -1.02 V
C. +1.02 V
D. +1.34 V

49. Which of the following would prevent the corrosion of an iron nail?

A. Store the nail in Cl2 (g) .

B. Store the nail in dry air.
C. Store the nail in a beaker of distilled water.
D. Store the nail wrapped in cobalt wire in a beaker of distilled water.

Page 16 Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A

 50. Consider the electrolytic cell shown in the following diagram:

DC
– Power +
Source

Pt Cu
(inert)

1.0 M AgNO3

Which of the following describes the anion movement and electrode masses for the above cell?

Anion Mass of Pt Mass of Cu

Movement Electrode Electrode

A. to the Cu increases increases

B. to the Cu increases decreases

C. to the Pt decreases increases

D. to the Pt decreases decreases

You have Examination Booklet Form A. In the box above #1 on your Answer Sheet, ensure that
you have filled in the bubble as follows.

Exam Booklet Form/ A B C D E F G H

Cahier d’examen

This is the end of the multiple-choice section.

Answer the remaining questions in the Response Booklet.

Chemistry 12 – 0608 Form A Page 17

 PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Chemistry 12
1
H 2
Hydrogen He
Helium
1.0
4.0
14
 Atomic Number
3 4 Si
 Symbol 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be Silicon
 Name B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
28.1 Atomic Mass
6.9 9.0 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon
23.0 24.3 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 39.9
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
39.1 40.1 45.0 47.9 50.9 52.0 54.9 55.8 58.9 58.7 63.5 65.4 69.7 72.6 74.9 79.0 79.9 83.8
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
85.5 87.6 88.9 91.2 92.9 95.9 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium
(223) (226) (227) (261) (262) (263) (262) (265) (266)

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Based on mass of C12 at 12.00. Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
140.1 140.9 144.2 (145) 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
Values in parentheses 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
are the masses of the most Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
stable or best known isotopes for Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium

elements which do not occur naturally. 232.0 231.0 238.0 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262)

Data Page 1
 ATOMIC MASSES OF THE ELEMENTS
Based on mass of C12 at 12.00.
Values in parentheses are the mass number of the most stable or best
known isotopes for elements that do not occur naturally.

Atomic Atomic Atomic Atomic

Element Symbol Element Symbol
Number Mass Number Mass

Actinium Ac 89 (227) Mercury Hg 80 200.6

Aluminum Al 13 27.0 Molybdenum Mo 42 95.9
Americium Am 95 (243) Neodymium Nd 60 144.2
Antimony Sb 51 121.8 Neon Ne 10 20.2
Argon Ar 18 39.9 Neptunium Np 93 (237)
Arsenic As 33 74.9 Nickel Ni 28 58.7
Astatine At 85 (210) Niobium Nb 41 92.9
Barium Ba 56 137.3 Nitrogen N 7 14.0
Berkelium Bk 97 (247) Nobelium No 102 (259)
Beryllium Be 4 9.0 Osmium Os 76 190.2
Bismuth Bi 83 209.0 Oxygen O 8 16.0
Boron B 5 10.8 Palladium Pd 46 106.4
Bromine Br 35 79.9 Phosphorus P 15 31.0
Cadmium Cd 48 112.4 Platinum Pt 78 195.1
Calcium Ca 20 40.1 Plutonium Pu 94 (244)
Californium Cf 98 (251) Polonium Po 84 (209)
Carbon C 6 12.0 Potassium K 19 39.1
Cerium Ce 58 140.1 Praseodymium Pr 59 140.9
Cesium Cs 55 132.9 Promethium Pm 61 (145)
Chlorine Cl 17 35.5 Protactinium Pa 91 231.0
Chromium Cr 24 52.0 Radium Ra 88 (226)
Cobalt Co 27 58.9 Radon Rn 86 (222)
Copper Cu 29 63.5 Rhenium Re 75 186.2
Curium Cm 96 (247) Rhodium Rh 45 102.9
Dubnium Db 105 (262) Rubidium Rb 37 85.5
Dysprosium Dy 66 162.5 Ruthenium Ru 44 101.1
Einsteinium Es 99 (252) Rutherfordium Rf 104 (261)
Erbium Er 68 167.3 Samarium Sm 62 150.4
Europium Eu 63 152.0 Scandium Sc 21 45.0
Fermium Fm 100 (257) Selenium Se 34 79.0
Fluorine F 9 19.0 Silicon Si 14 28.1
Francium Fr 87 (223) Silver Ag 47 107.9
Gadolinium Gd 64 157.3 Sodium Na 11 23.0
Gallium Ga 31 69.7 Strontium Sr 38 87.6
Germanium Ge 32 72.6 Sulphur S 16 32.1
Gold Au 79 197.0 Tantalum Ta 73 180.9
Hafnium Hf 72 178.5 Technetium Tc 43 (98)
Helium He 2 4.0 Tellurium Te 52 127.6
Holmium Ho 67 164.9 Terbium Tb 65 158.9
Hydrogen H 1 1.0 Thallium Tl 81 204.4
Indium In 49 114.8 Thorium Th 90 232.0
Iodine I 53 126.9 Thulium Tm 69 168.9
Iridium Ir 77 192.2 Tin Sn 50 118.7
Iron Fe 26 55.8 Titanium Ti 22 47.9
Krypton Kr 36 83.8 Tungsten W 74 183.8
Lanthanum La 57 138.9 Uranium U 92 238.0
Lawrencium Lr 103 (262) Vanadium V 23 50.9
Lead Pb 82 207.2 Xenon Xe 54 131.3
Lithium Li 3 6.9 Ytterbium Yb 70 173.0
Lutetium Lu 71 175.0 Yttrium Y 39 88.9
Magnesium Mg 12 24.3 Zinc Zn 30 65.4
Manganese Mn 25 54.9 Zirconium Zr 40 91.2
Mendelevium Md 101 (258)
Data Page 2 Chemistry 12
 NAMES, FORMULAE, AND CHARGES OF SOME COMMON IONS
* Aqueous solutions are readily oxidized by air.
** Not stable in aqueous solutions.

Positive Ions
(Cations)

Al3+ Aluminum Pb4+ Lead(IV), plumbic

NH4+ Ammonium Li+ Lithium

Ba2+ Barium Mg2+ Magnesium

Ca2+ Calcium Mn2+ Manganese(II), manganous

Cr2+ Chromium(II), chromous Mn4+ Manganese(IV)

Cr3+ Chromium(III), chromic Hg22+ Mercury(I)*, mercurous

Cu+ Copper(I)*, cuprous Hg2+ Mercury(II), mercuric

Cu2+ Copper(II), cupric K+ Potassium

H+ Hydrogen Ag+ Silver

H3O+ Hydronium Na+ Sodium

Fe2+ Iron(II)*, ferrous Sn2+ Tin(II)*, stannous

Fe3+ Iron(III), ferric Sn4+ Tin(IV), stannic

Pb2+ Lead(II), plumbous Zn2+ Zinc

Negative Ions
(Anions)

Br– Bromide OH– Hydroxide

CO32– Carbonate ClO– Hypochlorite
ClO3– Chlorate I– Iodide
Cl– Chloride HPO42– Monohydrogen phosphate
ClO2– Chlorite NO3– Nitrate
CrO42– Chromate NO2– Nitrite
CN– Cyanide C2O42– Oxalate
Cr2O72– Dichromate O2– Oxide**
H2PO4– Dihydrogen phosphate ClO4– Perchlorate
CH3COO – Ethanoate, acetate MnO4– Permanganate
F– Fluoride PO43– Phosphate
HCO3– Hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate SO42– Sulphate
HC2O4– Hydrogen oxalate, binoxalate S2– Sulphide
HSO4– Hydrogen sulphate, bisulphate SO32– Sulphite
HS– Hydrogen sulphide, bisulphide SCN– Thiocyanate
HSO3– Hydrogen sulphite, bisulphite

Chemistry 12 Data Page 3

 SOLUBILITY OF COMMON COMPOUNDS IN WATER
The term soluble here means > 0.1 mol/L at 25∞C.

Negative Ions Positive Ions Solubility of

(Anions) (Cations) Compounds

All Alkali ions: Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+ Soluble

All Hydrogen ion: H+ Soluble

All Ammonium ion: NH4+ Soluble

Nitrate, NO3– All Soluble

¸
Chloride, Cl– Ô
Ô
All others Soluble
or Ô
Ô
– ˝
Bromide, Br Ô
or Ô
Ô
Iodide, I– Ô
˛
Ag+, Pb2+, Cu+ Low Solubility

¸
All others Soluble
Ô
Ô
Ô

Sulphate, SO42–
Ô
˝
Ô
Ô
Ô
Ô
˛

Ag+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+ Low Solubility

¸
Alkali ions, H+, NH4+, Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+ Soluble
Ô
Ô
Ô

Sulphide, S2–
Ô
˝
Ô
Ô
Ô
Ô
˛

All others Low Solubility

¸
Alkali ions, H+, NH4+, Sr2+ Soluble
Ô
Ô

Hydroxide, OH–
Ô
Ô
˝
Ô
Ô
Ô
Ô
˛

All others Low Solubility

¸
Phosphate, PO43– Ô
Ô
Alkali ions, H+, NH4+ Soluble
or Ô
2– Ô
˝
Carbonate, CO 3 Ô
or Ô
2– Ô
Sulphite, SO 3 Ô
˛
All others Low Solubility

Data Page 4 Chemistry 12

 SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS AT 25∞C

Name Formula K sp

Barium carbonate BaCO3 2.6 ¥ 10–9

Barium chromate BaCrO4 1.2 ¥ 10–10
Barium sulphate BaSO4 1.1 ¥ 10–10
Calcium carbonate CaCO3 5.0 ¥ 10–9
Calcium oxalate CaC2O4 2.3 ¥ 10–9
Calcium sulphate CaSO4 7.1 ¥ 10–5
Copper(I) iodide CuI 1.3 ¥ 10–12
Copper(II) iodate Cu(IO3)2 6.9 ¥ 10–8
Copper(II) sulphide CuS 6.0 ¥ 10–37
Iron(II) hydroxide Fe(OH)2 4.9 ¥ 10–17
Iron(II) sulphide FeS 6.0 ¥ 10–19
Iron(III) hydroxide Fe(OH)3 2.6 ¥ 10–39
Lead(II) bromide PbBr2 6.6 ¥ 10–6
Lead(II) chloride PbCl2 1.2 ¥ 10–5
Lead(II) iodate Pb(IO3)2 3.7 ¥ 10–13
Lead(II) iodide PbI2 8.5 ¥ 10–9
Lead(II) sulphate PbSO4 1.8 ¥ 10–8
Magnesium carbonate MgCO3 6.8 ¥ 10–6
Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 5.6 ¥ 10–12
Silver bromate AgBrO3 5.3 ¥ 10–5
Silver bromide AgBr 5.4 ¥ 10–13
Silver carbonate Ag2CO3 8.5 ¥ 10–12
Silver chloride AgCl 1.8 ¥ 10–10
Silver chromate Ag2CrO4 1.1 ¥ 10–12
Silver iodate AgIO3 3.2 ¥ 10–8
Silver iodide AgI 8.5 ¥ 10–17
Strontium carbonate SrCO3 5.6 ¥ 10–10
Strontium fluoride SrF2 4.3 ¥ 10–9
Strontium sulphate SrSO4 3.4 ¥ 10–7
Zinc sulphide ZnS 2.0 ¥ 10–25

Chemistry 12 Data Page 5

 RELATIVE STRENGTHS OF BRØNSTED-LOWRY ACIDS AND BASES
in aqueous solution at room temperature.

Name of Acid Acid Base Ka

Perchloric HClO 4 Æ H+ + ClO 4 - very large

STRONG

Hydriodic HI Æ H+ + I- very large

Hydrobromic HBr Æ H+ + Br - very large
Hydrochloric HCl Æ H+ + Cl - very large
Nitric HNO 3 Æ H+ + NO 3 - very large
Sulphuric H 2 SO 4 Æ H+ + HSO 4 - very large
Hydronium Ion H 3O + Æ̈ H+ + H2O 1.0

WEAK
Iodic HIO 3 Æ̈ H + + IO - 1.7 ¥ 10 -1
3
Oxalic H2C2O4 Æ̈ H + + HC O - 5.9 ¥ 10 - 2
2 4

Sulphurous (SO 2 + H 2 O) H 2 SO 3 Æ̈ H + + HSO - 1.5 ¥ 10 - 2

3
Hydrogen sulphate ion HSO 4 - Æ̈ H + + SO 2-
1.2 ¥ 10 - 2
4

Phosphoric H 3 PO 4 Æ̈ H + + H PO - 7.5 ¥ 10 - 3
2 4
Hexaaquoiron ion, iron( III ) ion Fe(H 2 O)6 3 + Æ̈ H + + Fe(H O) (OH )2 + 6.0 ¥ 10 - 3
2 5
Citric H 3C 6 H 5 O 7 Æ̈ H + + H C H O - 7.1 ¥ 10 - 4
2 6 5 7

Nitrous HNO 2 Æ̈ H + + NO -
4.6 ¥ 10 - 4
2
Æ̈ H + + F -
Æ 3.5 ¥ 10 - 4
STRENGTH OF ACID

Hydrofluoric HF
Methanoic, formic HCOOH Æ̈ H + + HCOO - 1.8 ¥ 10 - 4
Hexaaquochromium ion, chromium( III ) ion Cr(H 2 O)6 3 + Æ̈ H + + Cr(H O) (OH)2 + 1.5 ¥ 10 - 4
2 5
Benzoic C 6 H 5COOH Æ̈ H + + C H COO - 6.5 ¥ 10 - 5

STRENGTH OF BASE
6 5

Hydrogen oxalate ion HC 2 O 4 - Æ̈ H + + C O 2 - 6.4 ¥ 10 - 5

2 4
Ethanoic, acetic CH 3COOH Æ̈ H + + CH COO - 1.8 ¥ 10 - 5
3

Dihydrogen citrate ion H 2 C 6 H 5O 7 - Æ̈ H + + HC H O 2 - 1.7 ¥ 10 - 5

6 5 7

Hexaaquoaluminum ion, aluminum ion Al(H 2 O)6 3 + Æ̈ H + + Al(H O) (OH)2 + 1.4 ¥ 10 - 5

2 5
Carbonic (CO 2 + H 2 O) H 2 CO 3 Æ̈ H + + HCO - 4.3 ¥ 10 - 7
3
Monohydrogen citrate ion HC 6 H 5O 7 2 - Æ̈ H + + C H O 3 - 4.1 ¥ 10 - 7
6 5 7

Hydrogen sulphite ion HSO 3 - Æ̈ H + + SO 2 - 1.0 ¥ 10 - 7

3

Hydrogen sulphide H 2S Æ̈ H + + HS -
9.1 ¥ 10 - 8
Dihydrogen phosphate ion H 2 PO 4 - Æ̈ H + + HPO 2 - 6.2 ¥ 10 - 8
4
Boric H 3 BO 3 Æ̈ H + + H BO - 7.3 ¥ 10 -10
2 3
Ammonium ion NH 4 + Æ̈ H + + NH 5.6 ¥ 10 -10
3

Hydrocyanic HCN Æ̈ H + + CN - 4.9 ¥ 10 -10

Phenol C 6 H 5OH Æ̈ H + + C H O - 1.3 ¥ 10 -10
6 5

Hydrogen carbonate ion HCO 3 - Æ̈ H + + CO 2 - 5.6 ¥ 10 -11

3
Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 Æ̈ H + + HO - 2.4 ¥ 10 -12
2
WEAK

Monohydrogen phosphate ion HPO 4 2 - Æ̈ H + + PO 3 - 2.2 ¥ 10 -13

4
STRONG

Water H2O Æ̈ H + + OH - 1.0 ¥ 10 -14

Hydroxide ion OH - ¨ H + + O2 - very small
+ -
Ammonia NH 3 ¨ H + NH 2 very small

Data Page 6 Chemistry 12

 ACID-BASE INDICATORS

pH Range in Which Colour Change

Indicator
Colour Change Occurs as pH Increases

Methyl violet 0.0 – 1.6 yellow to blue

Thymol blue 1.2 – 2.8 red to yellow

Orange IV 1.4 – 2.8 red to yellow

Methyl orange 3.2 – 4.4 red to yellow

Bromcresol green 3.8 – 5.4 yellow to blue

Methyl red 4.8 – 6.0 red to yellow

Chlorophenol red 5.2 – 6.8 yellow to red

Bromthymol blue 6.0 – 7.6 yellow to blue

Phenol red 6.6 – 8.0 yellow to red

Neutral red 6.8 – 8.0 red to amber

Thymol blue 8.0 – 9.6 yellow to blue

Phenolphthalein 8.2 – 10.0 colourless to pink

Thymolphthalein 9.4 – 10.6 colourless to blue

Alizarin yellow 10.1 – 12.0 yellow to red

Indigo carmine 11.4 – 13.0 blue to yellow

Chemistry 12 Data Page 7

 STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS OF HALF-CELLS
Ionic concentrations are at 1M in water at 25∞C.

Oxidizing Agents Reducing Agents E∞ (Volts )

F2 (g) + 2 e - Æ̈ 2 F - + 2.87
S2 O 8 2 - + 2 e - Æ̈ 2SO 2 -

WEAK
4 + 2.01
STRONG

H 2 O 2 + 2H + + 2e - Æ̈ 2 H O +1.78
2

MnO 4 - + 8H + + 5e - Æ̈ Mn 2 + + 4H O +1.51
2

Au 3+ + 3e - Æ̈ Au(s) +1.50
BrO 3 - + 6H + + 5e - Æ̈ 1 Br (l) + 3H O +1.48
2 2 2
-
ClO 4 + 8H + 8e + - Æ̈ Cl - + 4H O +1.39
2

Cl 2 (g) + 2 e - Æ̈ 2Cl - +1.36

Cr2 O 7 2-
+ 14H + + 6e - Æ̈ 2Cr 3+ + 7H O +1.23
2
1
O 2 (g) + 2 H + + 2 e - Æ H O +1.23
2 ¨ 2
MnO 2 (s) + 4H + + 2 e - Æ̈ Mn 2 + + 2 H O +1.22
2

IO 3 - + 6H + + 5e - Æ̈ 1 I (s) + 3H O +1.20
2 2 2
Æ̈ 2 Br - Overpotential
Br2 (l) + 2 e - +1.09
- - Æ̈ Au(s) + 4Cl -
Effect
AuCl 4 + 3e +1.00
NO 3 - + 4H + + 3e - Æ̈ NO(g) + 2 H O + 0.96
2
Hg 2 + + 2 e - Æ̈ Hg(l) + 0.85
1
2 O 2 (g) + 2 H (10 -7 M) + 2 e -
+ Æ̈ H O
2 + 0.82
2 NO 3 - + 4H + + 2 e - Æ̈ N O + 2 H O + 0.80
2 4 2

Ag + + e - Æ̈ Ag(s) + 0.80
1
Hg 2 2 + + e - Æ̈ Hg(l) + 0.80
2
Fe 3+ + e - Æ̈ Fe 2 + + 0.77

STRENGTH OF REDUCING AGENT

Æ̈ H O
STRENGTH OF OXIDIZING AGENT

O 2 (g) + 2 H + + 2 e - 2 2 + 0.70
MnO 4 - + 2 H 2 O + 3e - Æ̈ MnO (s) + 4OH - + 0.60
2

I 2 (s) + 2 e - Æ̈ 2 I - + 0.54
Cu + + e - Æ̈ Cu(s) + 0.52
H 2 SO 3 + 4H + 4e + - Æ̈ S(s) + 3H O + 0.45
2

Cu 2 + + 2 e - Æ̈ Cu(s) + 0.34
SO 4 2 - + 4H + + 2 e - Æ̈ H SO + H O + 0.17
2 3 2

Cu 2 + + e - Æ̈ Cu + + 0.15
Sn 4 + + 2 e - Æ̈ Sn 2 + + 0.15
S(s) + 2 H + 2 e + - Æ̈ H S(g) + 0.14
2

2H + + 2e - Æ̈ H (g) + 0.00
2

Pb 2 + + 2 e - Æ̈ Pb(s) - 0.13
Sn 2 + + 2 e - Æ̈ Sn(s) - 0.14
Ni 2 + + 2 e - Æ̈ Ni(s) - 0.26
H 3 PO 4 + 2 H + + 2 e - Æ̈ H PO + H O - 0.28
3 3 2

Co 2 + + 2 e - Æ̈ Co(s) - 0.28
Se(s) + 2 H + + 2 e - Æ̈ H Se - 0.40
2

Cr 3+ + e - Æ̈ Cr 2 + - 0.41
2H 2 O + 2e - Æ̈ H + 2 OH - (10 -7 M ) - 0.41
2

Fe 2 + + 2 e - Æ̈ Fe(s) - 0.45
Overpotential Ag 2 S(s) + 2 e - Æ̈ 2 Ag(s) + S2 - - 0.69
Effect Cr 3+ + 3e - Æ̈ Cr(s) - 0.74
Zn 2 + + 2 e - Æ̈ Zn(s) - 0.76
Te(s) + 2 H + + 2 e - Æ̈ H Te - 0.79
2
2H 2 O + 2e - Æ̈ H (g) + 2 OH - - 0.83
2

Mn 2 + + 2 e - Æ̈ Mn(s) -1.19
Al 3+ + 3e - Æ̈ Al(s) -1.66
Mg 2 + + 2 e - Æ̈ Mg(s) - 2.37
Na + + e - Æ̈ Na(s) - 2.71
Ca 2 + + 2 e - Æ̈ Ca(s) - 2.87
Sr 2 + + 2 e - Æ̈ Sr(s) - 2.89
STRONG

Ba 2 + + 2 e - Æ̈ Ba(s) - 2.91
K+ + e- Æ̈ K(s) - 2.93
WEAK

Rb + + e - Æ̈ Rb(s) - 2.98
Cs + + e - Æ̈ Cs(s) - 3.03
Li + + e - Æ̈ Li(s) - 3.04

Data Page 8 Chemistry 12

 MINISTRY USE ONLY MINISTRY USE ONLY MINISTRY USE ONLY

Question 1
0 1 2 3 4 (.5) NR
Examination Rules
Question 2
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Place Personal Education Number (PEN) here. Place Personal Education Number (PEN) here.
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Question 3
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0 1 2 3 4 (.5) NR
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814
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 MINISTRY USE ONLY MINISTRY USE ONLY MINISTRY USE ONLY

Question 1
0 1 2 3 4 (.5) NR
Examination Rules
Question 2
1. The time allotted for this examination is two hours.
0 1 2 3 4 (.5) NR
You may, however, take up to 60 minutes of additional time to finish.
Place Personal Education Number (PEN) here. Place Personal Education Number (PEN) here.
2. Answers entered in the Examination Booklet will not be marked.
Question 3
3. Cheating on an examination will result in a mark of zero. The Ministry of Education
0 1 2 3 4 (.5) NR
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 PART B: WRITTEN RESPONSE

Suggested Time: 40 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following questions in the space provided in this Response Booklet.
You are expected to communicate your knowledge and understanding of chemical principles in a clear
and logical manner. Your steps and assumptions leading to a solution must be written in this Response
Booklet. Answers must include units where appropriate and be given to the correct number of
significant figures. For questions involving calculations, full marks will NOT be given for
providing only an answer.
Nc

1. Consider the reaction: 2 Zn(s) + O2 (g) Æ 2 ZnO(s)

State two different methods that would increase the rate of this reaction.
Explain each in terms of collision theory. (4 marks)

Method 1: ..

Explanation:

Method 2:

Explanation:

2. Consider the equilibrium: CO2 (g) + H2 (g) Æ

¨ CO(g) + H2O(g) Keq = 1.60

Initially, 8.2 mol of CO and 8.2 mol of H2O are placed in a 2.0 L container and allowed to react.
Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of CO2 and CO . (4 marks)

Chemistry 12 – 0608 Response Booklet Page 1

 [ ]
3. What is the maximum Pb2+ that can exist in a saturated solution of BaSO 4 without causing
precipitate formation? (4 marks)

4. Given the reactants:

H2C 2O 4 + HCOO - Æ
¨

Complete the acid-base equilibrium equation in the box above.

Determine whether reactants or products will be favoured and explain why. (3 marks)

Page 2 Chemistry 12 – 0608 Response Booklet

 5. Calculate the pH of a 0.30 M H2S solution. Begin by writing the equation for the
predominant reaction. (5 marks)

6. What mass of NaOH(s) is required to just neutralize 50.0 mL of 2.0 M H2SO 4 ?

Begin by writing the balanced equation for the neutralization reaction. (3 marks)

Chemistry 12 – 0608 Response Booklet Page 3

 7. Balance the following in acidic solution.

- 2-
FeS + NO2 Æ NO + SO 4 + Fe 3+ (acidic)
(4 marks)

8. The electrolysis of copper(II) sulphate solution using copper electrodes is used in the refining of
copper. Write the anode and cathode half-reactions and describe what would be observed at each
electrode as the cell operates. (3 marks)

Anode Half-Reaction:

Cathode Half-Reaction:

Observations:

anode:
cathode:

END OF EXAMINATION

Page 4 Chemistry 12 – 0608 Response Booklet

 MINISTRY USE ONLY MINISTRY USE ONLY MINISTRY USE ONLY

Question 1
0 1 2 3 4 (.5) NR
Examination Rules
Question 2
1. The time allotted for this examination is two hours.
0 1 2 3 4 (.5) NR
You may, however, take up to 60 minutes of additional time to finish.
Place Personal Education Number (PEN) here. Place Personal Education Number (PEN) here.
2. Answers entered in the Examination Booklet will not be marked.
Question 3
3. Cheating on an examination will result in a mark of zero. The Ministry of Education
0 1 2 3 4 (.5) NR
considers cheating to have occurred if a student breaks any of the following rules:

• Candidates must not give or receive assistance of any kind in answering Question 4
an examination question during an examination, including allowing one’s 0 1 2 3 (.5) NR
paper to be viewed by others or copying answers from another student’s
paper. Course Code = CH 12 Course Code = CH 12
• Candidates must not possess any book, paper or item that might assist in AUGUST 2006 Question 5
0 1 2 3 4 5 (.5) NR
writing an examination, including a dictionary or piece of electronic equipment, Chemistry 12
that is not specifically authorized for the examination by ministry policy. Exam Booklet Form/ A B C D E F G H
,
• Candidates must immediately follow the invigilator’s order to stop writing
AUGUST 2006 Cahier d examen Question 6
at the end of the examination time and must not alter an Examination 0 1 2 3 (.5) NR
Response Booklet
Booklet, Response Booklet or Answer Sheet after the invigilator has asked
students to hand in examination papers. Student Instructions Question 7
• Candidates must not communicate with another student during the 0 1 2 3 4 (.5) NR
examination. 1. Place your Personal Education Number (PEN)
• Candidates must not remove any piece of the examination materials from label at the top of this Booklet AND fill in the
Question 8
the examination room, including work pages. bubble (Form A, B, C, D, E, F, G or H) that
corresponds to the letter on your Examination 0 1 2 3 (.5) NR
• Candidates must not take or knowingly use any secure examination materials Booklet.
prior to the examination session.
2. Use a pencil to fill in bubbles when answering
questions on your Answer Sheet.
4. The use of inappropriate language or content may result in a mark of zero
being awarded. 3. Use a pencil or blue- or black-ink pen when
answering written-response questions in this
5. Upon completion of the examination, return all examination materials to the Booklet.
supervising invigilator.
4. Read the Examination Rules on the back of
this Booklet.

814
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