What is Human Relations Management
(HRM)?
§ Effective use of an organization’s human resources to improve its
performance
§ Strategic and coherent approach to the management an
organization’s most valued assets
§ Adding value to your assets
§ Productive use of people in achieving the organization’s strategic
business objectives and the satisfaction of the individual
Article 2 Sec 18 of Public Constitution
§ The state affirms labor as a primary socio-economic force.
§ It shall protect the right of workers and promote their welfare.
Kinds of Employees
1. Employer — includes any person acting in the interest of the
employer directly or indirectly; a person or business that pays others
for their services.
2. Employee — includes any person in the employ of an employer; a
person employed for wages or salary.
Specific Classifications
§ Managerial Employee – employees who vested with powers or
prerogatives to lay down and execute management policies, to
hire, transfer, suspend, layoff, recall, discharge, assign or
discipline.
§ Supervisor Employee
§ Rank and File Employee
Employees in Terms of Tenure
§ Regular
§ Project – employee classification according to tenure, where the
employment has been fixed for a specific undertaking the
completion or termination of which has been determined at the
time of the engagement of the employee.
§ Casual
§ Probationary
§ Fixed Contract
Labor Relations
§ Aspect or quality that holds together the social partners, labor and
capital in attainment of their mutual goals — just and equitable
pay and treatment and fair Return on Investment (ROI).
Sources of Conflict in Labor Relations
§ Just share in fruits of production
§ Unfair Labor Practice (ULP) – violates constitutional right of
workers to self-organization
§ inimical to the legitimate interest of both labor and management
and labor’s right to bargain collectively with freedom and mutual
respect
§ disrupts industrial peace
§ hinders promotion of healthy labor-management relations
§ violates civil rights
§ criminal offense
Strikes and Work Stoppages/Lockouts
§ Strikes caused by the mass refusal employees to work, takes
place in response to employee grievances
§ A lockout occurs where an employer bar its unionized workers
from entering the workplace until such time as they accept to work
on the employer’s terms and conditions. During a lockout, the
employer may continue business operations with non-unit
employees and temporary replacements.
Deadlock in Collective Bargaining Negotiations
§ A collective bargaining agreement (CBA) is a written legal
contract between an employer and a union representing the
employees. The CBA is the result of an extensive negotiation
process between the parties regarding topics such as wages,
hours, terms, and conditions of employment.
§ Deadlock a situation, typically one involving opposing parties, in
which no progress can be made because of fundamental
disagreement.
§ Unfair Labor Practice
Law on Terminations
Just Causes — Article 282 of Labor Code
§ Serious Misconduct or Willful Disobedience
§ Gross and Habitual Neglect of Duties
§ Fraud
§ Commission of a crime or offense
§ Other causes
Authorized Causes — Article 282 of Labor Code
§ Installation of labor-saving devices or redundancy
 § Retrenchment – terminating an employee due to the surplus of
labor or incapacity of employees to match the performance
standards of the company.

Other Authorized Causes — Article 282 of Labor Code

§ Suffering from a Disease
§ Retirement — Republic Act 7641 / Article 287 of Labor Code

Role of HR in Handling Discipline Cases

Due Process
§ is a requirement that legal matters must be resolved according to
established policies, that the employee is treated fairly and given
the opportunity to be heard;
§ erring employee is entitled to a ‘day in court’ with the assistance
of counsel is he so desires, to confront the witnesses against him.

Twin Notice — employer should give the worker two written notices
before terminating his employment and these are the following:
o Notice to Explain
§ alleged violation
§ effect to the company
§ period to explain
§ that failure to explain means waiver (Article 287)

o Notice to Decision
§ resolution of the case
§ equivalent disciplinary action