AMZIL HAYAT

Chapter 9 and 10
The Life of Modern Chinese People
Political System and Basic Policies of China in the Present Age

In Chapter 10, exploring the Political System and Basic Policies of modern China is particularly
intriguing. China has a unique political system characterized by a one-party socialist republic led
by the Communist Party of China (CPC). The political structure emphasizes socialism with
Chinese characteristics, combining Marxist-Leninist principles with market-oriented economic
reforms. The political system navigates challenges and implements policies reflects the intricate
balance between tradition and progress.
The following are key aspects of China's political system and basic policies:

1. Single-Party Rule:
 The CPC is the only legal political party in China, and it holds a leading role in
governance. This single-party rule has been a fundamental aspect of China's
political landscape since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in
1949.
2. Socialism with Chinese Characteristics:
 China's political ideology is rooted in socialism, but with adaptations to suit its
specific historical and developmental context. The concept of socialism with
Chinese characteristics acknowledges the coexistence of a socialist political
system and a market-oriented economy.
3. National People's Congress (NPC):
 The NPC is China's top legislative body, and it is responsible for making and
amending laws. However, its decisions are strongly influenced by the CPC. The
NPC is the highest organ of state power.
4. State Council:
 The State Council, headed by the Premier, serves as the chief executive body. It is
responsible for implementing laws and policies, and its members are appointed by
the NPC.
5. CPC Leadership:
 The highest decision-making body within the CPC is the Politburo Standing
Committee, led by the General Secretary. The CPC's influence extends across
government, military, and various social organizations.
6. Economic Reforms:
 China's economic policies have shifted towards a market-oriented approach,
leading to rapid economic growth and development. This includes the opening up
of the economy to foreign investment and the establishment of special economic
zones.
7. Social Policies:
 The government has implemented various social policies, including poverty
alleviation programs, healthcare reforms, and efforts to improve education.
Urbanization and modernization are also key components of China's development
strategy.
8. Foreign Policy:
 China's foreign policy has become increasingly assertive, focusing on economic
diplomacy, regional influence, and participation in international organizations.
The Belt and Road Initiative is a prominent example of China's global economic
engagement.