Programme: BICTE Semester: IV

Course Title: Probability and Statistics Nature of Course: Theory

Course Title: Math. Ed. 436 Credit Hour: 3
Level: Bachelor’s Degree Total Period:48 hour

1. Course Description
This is an integrated course of probability and statistics for students with
bachelor’s degrees in Information and Communication Technology (BICTE). This
course provides a foundation for the students to understand the basic concept of
mathematics to be applicable in the field of technology. The main aim of this course is
to develop an in-depth understanding of different aspects of probability and statistics.
This course covers correlation and regression, probability distributions, sampling
distributions, estimation of parameters, and hypothesis testing.
2. General Objectives
The general objectives of this course are as follows:
 To impart practical knowledge and skills in deriving properties of correlation
and regression and applying them to solve problems.
 To make the students familiar with random variables, and different discrete and
continuous probability distributions.
 To make the students able to use sampling distribution and estimation of
parameters, and use test of hypothesis in research work.

3. Specific Objectives and Contents

Unit Objectives Contents

I  Define correlation and describe its Unit I: Correlation (4)

types.  Types of correlation
 Interpret the different values of r.  Computation of correlation coefficient
 Compute Pearson's moment (r) and its interpretation,
correlation and writes its properties  Rank correlation,
 Properties of correlation.

II  Define regression and describe its Unit II: Regression (6)

types  Types of relationship
 Find the equation of regression  Estimation of regression equations,
and its properties
 Properties of regression equations
 Write the relation between
correlation and regression.  Relationship between correlation and
regression.
III  Explain sample space, events, Unit III: Probability Distribution (9)
probability of an event, Axioms  Basic terms of Probability.
of probability,
 Axioms and theorems of probability

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  State and prove Baye's theorem.,
 Define discrete random variables,
probability function, probability
distributions, cumulative
distribution, moments, mean, and
variance.
 State uniform distribution and
write its properties
 State Binomial distributions and
write their properties.
 Define a continuous random
variable, probability density,
cumulative density, mean and
variance,
 State and prove Chebychev's
inequality Describe laws of large
numbers
IV  State normal distributions and
writes its properties.
 Calculate the area under the
standard normal curves, Z score
 Derive the normal
approximations to the binomial
distribution.
V  Define parameters and statistics
 Explain sampling distribution of
the mean, variance, standard
error of statistics, and central
limit theorem.
 Define point and interval
estimation.
 State the properties of point
estimation.
 Compute the confidence interval
for mean and variance.
VI  Define null and alternate
hypotheses.
 Identify one-tailed, two-tailed
test, Type I, and Type II errors.
 Set level of significance and
calculate critical region.
 Identify test statistics and
describe sequential steps of
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 Conditional probability & Baye's
theorem.
 Discrete random variable, probability
function, probability distributions,
cumulative distribution, moments,
mean, and variance.
 Uniform distribution and its properties,
 Binomial distributions and their
properties.
 Continuous random variable,
probability density, cumulative density,
mean, and variance.
 Chebychev's inequality and laws of
large numbers.
Unit IV: Normal distributions (4)
 Measure of Divergence from Normality
 Properties: mean and variance,
 Area under the standard normal curves
 Z score
Unit V: Sampling Distribution and
Estimation (8)
 Parameter and statistics, sampling
distribution of mean/variance
 Application of the central limit theorem
 Estimation: Point estimation, interval
estimation,
 Confidence interval for mean and
variance.
Unit VI: Test of Hypothesis (17)
 Basic concepts.
 Null/ Alternative hypothesis.
 One-tailed / two-tailed tests
 Type I / Type II errors
 Level of significance, Critical region,
and Test statistics
 hypothesis testing.
 Solve test of hypothesis for the
difference between two means of
large samples with unknown
population variance.
 Solve the Difference between
two means of small samples with
unknown common variance, the
significance test of independence
 Steps in hypothesis testing.
 Z-test: the difference between two
means of large samples with unknown
population variance.
 T-test: difference between two means of
small samples with unknown common
variance.
 Chi-square test: significance test of
independence.

4.2 Specific Instructional Techniques

The specific teaching and learning techniques chapter wise are listed below:

Unit Activity and Instructional Techniques Teaching Hours (48)

I Lecture, discussion in group and question 4

answer

II Lecture, discussion in group and question 6

answer

III Lecture, discussion in group and question 9

answer

IV Lecture, discussion in group and question 4

answer

V Lecture, discussion in group and question 8

answer

VI Lecture, discussion in group and question 17

answer

5 Evaluation
5.1 Internal Evaluation 40%
Internal evaluation will be conducted by the subject teacher based on the following
aspects:
Attendance 4 marks
Participation in learning activities 6 marks
First assignment 10 marks
Second assignment 10 marks

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 Third assignment 10 marks
Total 40 marks
5.2 External Evaluation (60%)

The examination section Dean Office, Faculty of Education will conduct the final
examination at the end of the first semester. The type of questions and marks allocated
for each question will be as follows:
Objective type questions (multiple choice) 10 x 1 mark = 10 marks
Short answer questions 6 x 5 marks = 30 marks
Long answer questions 2 x 10 marks = 20 marks
Total = 60 marks
6 Recommended Books
Freund J. E. (1997): Modern elementary Statistics, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India
Garrett, H. E. (). Statistics in psychology and education. Longmans, NY: Green and Co.
Inc.
Hayslett, H. T (1983): Statistics Made Simple, Heinemann: London
7. References
Mendenhall, W, Scheaffer, R. L. and Wackerly, D. D. (1987): Mathematical Statistics
with Applications. Boston: PWS Publishers.
Wallpole, R. (1979): Introduction to Statistics, Delhi: Macmillan, India

Pandit, R. P. and Bhattarai, L. N. (2016). Mathematical Statistics, Kathmandu: Indira

Pandit

Pandit Pandit, R. P. and Pahari, S. (2016): Modern Elementary Mathematics,

Kathmandu: Indira Pandit