Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tutorial 1
Tutorial 1
Tutorial 1
February 6, 2024
1 Question 1
Given ⃗u = ur eˆr + uθ eˆθ + uz eˆz in cylindrical coordinates and a scalar field
ϕ(r, θ, z, t).Given
∇⃗ = eˆx ∂ + eˆy ∂ + eˆz ∂
∂x ∂y ∂z
⃗ u = ∂u + ∂v + ∂w
∇.⃗
∂x ∂y ∂z
find,
1.1 ⃗
∇ϕ
1
We can write in matrix form,
∂ϕ ∂ϕ
cos θ sin θ 0
∂r
∂x
∂ϕ
∂θ
= −r sin θ r cos θ 0 ∂ϕ
∂y
∂ϕ 0 0 1 ∂ϕ
∂z ∂z
Note that ϕ can be any scalar field for which all partial derivatives exist, in-
cluding the coordinate variables themselves.
The gradient can be written in terms of the unit vectors of cylindrical and
Cartesian coordinate systems as
2
1.2 ⃗ u
∇.⃗
We can write
⃗ u = (∇ur ).eˆr + ur (∇.eˆr ) + (∇uθ ).eˆθ + uθ (∇.eˆθ ) + (∇uz ).eˆz + uz (∇.eˆz )
∇.⃗
The terms involving gradients of the components of the vector field simplify
to the partial derivatives of components with respect to their corresponding
directions, multiplied by the coefficients found in the previous section:
1.3 ⃗ × ⃗u
∇
êr rêθ êz
⃗ × ⃗u = 1
∇ ∂ ∂ ∂
r ∂r ∂r ∂z
ur ruθ uz
2 Question 2
Obtain the velocity stream function relation ship in cylindrical coordinates for
a 2D, incompressible flow.
3
We know that,
∂ψ ∂ψ
u= &v=−
∂y ∂x
Cartesian and polar coordinates are related by
3 Question 3
Derive the stream function(ψ) for given velocity field ⃗u = 2xêx − 2yêy .
∂ψ ∂ψ
u= &v=−
∂y ∂x
∂ψ ∂ψ
= 2x & − = −2y
∂y ∂x
on integrating
ψ = 2xy + f (x) & ψ = 2xy + f (y) + c
comparing above two equations
ψ = 2xy + c
4
4 Question 4
Check whether given velocity field is incompressible or not?
⃗ u=0
For an incompressible flow ∇.⃗
1. ⃗u = 2xêx − 2yêy
⃗ u = ∂(2x) + ∂(−2y)
∇.⃗
∂x ∂y
=2−2=0
Therefore, it is an incompressible flow
2.⃗u = 2xêx + 2yêy
⃗ u = ∂(2x) + ∂(2y)
∇.⃗
∂x ∂y
=2+2=4
Therefore, it is not an incompressible flow
3.⃗u = x2 êx − 2xyêy
2
⃗ u = ∂(x ) + ∂(−2xy)
∇.⃗
∂x ∂y
= 2x − 2x = 0
Therefore, it is an incompressible flow