Charisse T.

Lutero BSN 4-A

1. Christianity

- Belief in one God, who is the creator of the universe.

- Jesus Christ is the Son of God and the savior of humanity.

- Salvation is achieved through faith in Jesus Christ and his teachings.

- The Bible is the holy scripture and the word of God.

- The Ten Commandments provide moral guidelines for believers.

- Baptism and communion are important sacraments.

- Love, forgiveness, and compassion are central virtues.

2. Islam

- Belief in one God, Allah, who is merciful and all-powerful.

- Muhammad is the last and final prophet, and the Qur'an is the holy book.

- Five Pillars of Islam: Shahada (faith), Salah (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan),
and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).

- Belief in predestination and the Day of Judgment.

- Emphasis on social justice, equality, and submission to the will of Allah.

- Prohibition of alcohol, pork, and gambling.

- Jihad, often misunderstood, refers to the internal struggle for self-improvement and the defense of
Islam.

3. Hinduism

- Belief in a supreme being, Brahman, who manifests in various deities.

- Three main incarnations—Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva

- Reincarnation and karma: the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth based on one's actions.

- Dharma: fulfilling one's moral and social duties.

- Moksha: liberation from the cycle of rebirth, achieved through self-realization and union with
Brahman.

- Vedas and Upanishads are sacred texts.

- Worship through rituals, meditation, and devotion.

- Respect for all life forms and the interconnectedness of all beings.
4. Buddhism

- Four Noble Truths: existence is suffering, suffering arises from desire, cessation of desire leads to the
end of suffering, and the Eightfold Path leads to the cessation of desire.

- Eightfold Path: right understanding, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right
effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.

- Rejection of the caste system and belief in equality.

- Nirvana: the ultimate goal, liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth.

- Meditation and mindfulness practices.

- Respect for all living beings and non-violence.

- The Tripitaka and Mahayana Sutras are important scriptures.

5. Taoism

Tao (the Way): Central concept emphasizing the natural order and underlying principle of the universe.

- Wu Wei (non-action): Principle of going with the flow and living in harmony with the Tao.

- Yin and Yang: Represent complementary forces in constant flux, symbolizing balance and harmony.

- Ziran (naturalness): Encourages embracing one's true nature and simplicity.

- Three Treasures: Compassion, moderation, and humility, guiding virtues for a harmonious life.

- Inner Alchemy: Practices like meditation and breathing exercises aimed at spiritual cultivation and
enlightenment.

6. Judaism

- Belief in one God, Yahweh, who made a covenant with the Jewish people.

- The Torah is the holy scripture, containing the laws and teachings of God.

- Observance of the Ten Commandments and other commandments in the Torah.

- Importance of prayer, study, and acts of loving-kindness.

- The concept of chosenness, with Jews being chosen to fulfill a special role.

- Observance of Shabbat (Sabbath) from Friday evening to Saturday evening.

- Emphasis on justice, righteousness, and repairing the world (Tikkun Olam).

7. Confucianism

- Emphasis on moral values, ethics, and social harmony.

- Filial piety: respect and obedience towards parents and ancestors.

- Five Constant Virtues: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and fidelity.

- The Analects of Confucius is a key text, containing the teachings and sayings of Confucius.

- The concept of the Mandate of Heaven, which grants rulers the right to govern if they are just and
benevolent.

- Emphasis on education and self-cultivation.

- The importance of rituals and ceremonies to maintain social order.