Chapter 10 Proposals and Formal Reports

Chapter 10 Proposals and Formal Reports
1. Which of the following statements regarding business proposals is correct?

 a. A proposal is a persuasive document used to solve problems, provide services, or sell products.
 b. A proposal is always solicited.
 c. A proposal is an informative document used to share problems, identify emerging issues, and categorize
available resources for resolution.
 d. A proposal is developed for external audiences only.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Proposals, which can be solicited or unsolicited, are persuasive––not informative––documents used to
solve problems, provide services, or sell products. They are also written for internal and external
audiences.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 299
QUESTIONTYPE:Multiple Choice
HASVARIABLES:False
LEARNINGOBJE ESBC.GULO.23.10.01 - 10.01
CTIVES:
NATIONALSTAND United States - BUSPROG.ESBC.GULO.23.01.02 - DISC.ESBC.GULO.23.01.02
ARDS:
TOPICS: Crafting Winning Business Proposals
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
DATECREATED:1/11/2022 2:13 PM
DATEMODIFIED:3/8/2022 5:50 PM

2. Lisa works for a nonprofit agency seeking funding for a community project. What type of proposal is she likely to write
to the local foundation that supports the same cause within the community?
 a. A purchase request
 b. A grant request
 c. An RFP
 d. An internal request
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: A grantrequest is a type of external proposal written to obtain funding from agencies that
support various causes.
POINTS: 1
QUESTIONTYPE: Multiple Choice
HASVARIABLES: False
LEARNINGOBJECTIV ESBC.GULO.23.10.01 - 10.01
ES:
NATIONALSTANDAR United States - BUSPROG.ESBC.GULO.23.01.06 - DISC.ESBC.GULO.23.01.06
DS:
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page1

DATECREATED: 1/11/2022 2:13 PM
DATEMODIFIED: 3/22/2022 10:05 AM
3. In which of the following situations should a business write a request for proposal in order to solicit competitive bids?
 a. Advertising openings for two sales positions
 b. Attracting new clients
 c. Renovating offices
 d. Interviewing job candidates
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: The renovation of offices would most likely result in the writing of a request for proposal (RFP). An
RFP specifies the service, equipment, or problem-solving needs of an organization or business and
solicits competitive bids.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

4. An effective proposal should showcase the writer's expertise and build credibility, emphasize how the writer's methods
and products will benefit the reader, present ideas clearly and logically, and _______.
 a. inform by providing data but without analysis or recommendations
 b. make recommendations regarding the feasibility of a plan
 c. get the reader's attention
 d. analyze findings, draw conclusions, and make recommendations intended to solve a problem
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Proposals must get the reader's attention, emphasize how your methods and products will benefit the
reader, showcase your expertise and build credibility, and present ideas clearly and logically. Formal
reports, not proposals, analyze findings, draw conclusions, and make recommendations intended to
solve a problem. Informational reports are reports that provide data without analysis or
recommendations. Feasibility reports examine the practicality and advisability of following a course
of action.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

ARDS:
DATEMODIFIED:3/22/2022 10:05 AM

5. You can make the introduction of a proposal more persuasive if you _______.
 a. explain in great detail how much better you are than your competitors
 b. hint at the problem you will solve but avoid explaining the reasons for the proposal
 c. remain as vague as possible to keep the reader intrigued
 d. provide a "hook" such as mentioning a remarkable resource available exclusively to the writer
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Effective proposal openers are persuasive if they "hook" readers by mentioning a remarkable resource
available exclusively to the writer. Other effective "hooks" include promises of solutions with details
revealed later, key benefits of the proposal, and a promise of low costs or speedy results.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
CTIVES:
ARDS: United States - BUSPROG.ESBC.GULO.23.01.06 - DISC.ESBC.GULO.23.01.06

6. In which part of an informal proposal should you convince your reader that you understand the problem completely?
 a. Introduction
 b. Background
 c. Authorization
 d. Budget
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: The background section of an informal proposal is where you identify the problem, discuss the goals
of the project, and convince your reader that you understand the problem completely.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

7. All proposals share two significant characteristics: they show the value and benefits of the product or service being
recommended and _______.
 a. they use formal, academic language
 b. they are very long in length
 c. they use easy-to-understand language
 d. they are printed on hard copy because they are official documents
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: The two significant characteristics that all proposals share is that they show the value and benefits of
the product or service being recommended, and they use easy-to-understand language.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

8. What should be included in the staffing section of an informal proposal?

 a. Credentials and expertise of project leaders
 b. List of projected costs
 c. Copy of the RFP
 d. Schedule or timetable of activities
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: The staffing section of a proposal describes the credentials and expertise of the project leaders. It may
also identify the size and qualifications of the support staff and other resources.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

9. The budget in a proposal should _______.

 a. reflect careful research because once a proposal is accepted, it is legally binding
 b. provide only rough estimates so that you can raise the price later if costs increase
 c. never itemize hours and costs, but offer only a total sum
 d. include a disclaimer to ensure that the budget is not legally binding
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: The budget must be carefully researched because once a proposal is accepted, it is legally
binding.
POINTS: 1
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ESBC.GULO.23.10.01 - 10.01

NATIONALSTANDARDS:United States - BUSPROG.ESBC.GULO.23.01.06 - DISC.ESBC.GULO.23.01.06
DATECREATED: 1/11/2022 2:13 PM
DATEMODIFIED: 3/22/2022 4:43 PM
10. Jeremy has decided to include a deadline for acceptance in his proposal to install energy-efficient workstations for a
local manufacturer. In which section should Jeremy place the deadline?
 a. Introduction
 b. Background
 c. Conclusion and authorization
 d. Proposal
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: The closing section is often the authorization request, which includes a deadline for
acceptance.
POINTS: 1
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES:ESBC.GULO.23.10.01 - 10.01
NATIONALSTANDARDS:United States - BUSPROG.ESBC.GULO.23.01.01 - DISC.ESBC.GULO.23.01.01

KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
DATECREATED: 1/11/2022 2:13 PM
11. Although formal reports are similar to formal proposals, a primary difference is that formal reports _______.
 a. are the product of thorough research and data analysis
 b. use a more conversational tone
 c. are longer than formal proposals
 d. are organized indirectly
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Formal reports are similar to formal proposals in length, organization, and tone. However, instead of
solving problems, proposing changes, or responding to an RFP, formal reports are the product of
thorough investigation and analysis.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:
TOPICS: Preparing Formal Business Reports

12. What is the first step in writing a formal report?

 a. Selecting an appropriate layout and format
 b. Researching primary and secondary data
 c. Writing a purpose statement
 d. Determining the length of the report
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: When writing a formal report, you should begin by constructing a purpose statement that defines the
focus of the report and provides a standard that keeps the project on target.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

13. Which of the following is recommended when writing a purpose statement for a formal report?
 a. Write purpose statements only for external formal reports.
 b. Omit limitations to avoid a negative tone.
 c. Use action verbs that tell what you intend to do.
 d. Use vague language to allow for flexibility.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: In writing useful purpose statements, choose action verbs describing what you intend to do (analyze,
investigate, evaluate, explain, determine, etc.).
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

14. Which type of statement can help you define the focus of your report and keep you on target?
 a. Scope
 b. Proposal
 c. Purpose
 d. Methods
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Writing a formal report should begin with crafting a clear purpose statement to define your focus
and keep you on target.
POINTS: 1
LEARNINGOBJECTI ESBC.GULO.23.10.02 - 10.02
VES:
DS:
DATECREATED: 1/11/2022 2:13 PM
15. Chronological organization arranges ideas by _______.

 a. time
 b. order of importance
 c. physical location
 d. simple to complex
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Information sequenced along a time frame is arranged chronologically. This plan is effective for
presenting historical data or for describing a procedure.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

16. Tanika must prepare a formal report detailing the findings of a year-long study of her company's new wellness
program. In this report she must discuss employee absenteeism before and after the program's implementation. What type
of organizational pattern will she likely use?
 a. Chronological
 b. Spatial
 c. Compare/Contrast
 d. Importance
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Tanika should write her report using a compare and contrast pattern. This pattern works well for
"before and "after" scenarios or for problems with clear alternatives.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
United States - BUSPROG.ESBC.GULO.23.06.07 - DISC.ESBC.GULO.23.06.07

17. Tyler is writing a report that analyzes the GlobalCom, Inc., market share of cell phone subscriptions worldwide by
region. He will probably organize his report _______.
 a. chronologically by the date the cell phone subscriptions reached their maximums
 b. around extensive secondary data to assure the reader that he conducted adequate research before he wrote the
report
 c. using a functional arrangement to show types of subscriptions globally
 d. geographically with sections representing each region's market share
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Since Tyler's purpose is to analyze market share by region, he would most likely arrange his report
geographically.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

18. Reviewing a report's mechanics before submission refers to checking it for _______.
 a. format
 b. content accuracy
 c. grammar and usage
 d. audience-oriented tone
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: After a report has been written, it must be edited and proofread carefully for mechanics; this includes
checking for errors in grammar, punctuation, and usage.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

19. Primary research data can be defined as _______.

 a. information that comes from reading what others have experienced and observed
 b. information gained from firsthand experience and observation
 c. statistics collected during the first stage of research
 d. data received from the World Wide Web
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Primary data result from firsthand experience and observation; secondary data come from reading
what others have experienced and observed.
POINTS: 1
LEARNINGOBJEC ESBC.GULO.23.10.03 - 10.03
TIVES:
ARDS:
TOPICS: Conducting Primary and Secondary Research
DATECREATED: 1/11/2022 2:13 PM
DATEMODIFIED:3/8/2022 5:50 PM
20. A newspaper article citing student input about the growing popularity of caffeinated energy drinks on college
campuses would be considered what type of information source?
 a. Primary
 b. Secondary
 c. Tertiary
 d. Scholarly
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: While interviews with students about energy drinks would be considered primary data, this data
would be considered secondary after it has been published for others to read.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

21. The benefit of consulting with a reference librarian is they will _______.
 a. do your research for you
 b. direct you to only print resources
 c. steer you in the right direction
 d. explain how the library is organized
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Reference librarians will guide you and point you in the right direction for getting started on your
research, but they won’t do your research for you.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

22. What type of print resource provides excellent in-depth, historical data?
 a. Periodicals
 b. Bibliographic indexes
 c. Databases
 d. Books
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Although quickly outdated, books provide excellent historical, in-depth data. You can locate books
through print or online catalogs.
POINTS: 1
LEARNINGOBJECT ESBC.GULO.23.10.03 - 10.03
IVES:
NATIONALSTANDA United States - BUSPROG.ESBC.GULO.23.06.04 - DISC.ESBC.GULO.23.06.04
RDS:
DATECREATED: 1/11/2022 2:13 PM
23. Which of the following are considered secondary research sources?

 a. Magazines
 b. Interviews
 c. Surveys
 d. Systematic observation
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Of these, only magazines are considered secondary research sources; the others are primary sources
because they are types of data gathered from firsthand experience.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

24. In order to assess the credibility of a Web page, review the Web page for accuracy in content, verify the credentials of
the publishers or sponsors of the web page, and _______.
 a. feel free to disregard errors in grammar or spelling because such errors are not related to issues of credibility
 b. identify print versions of the content
 c. evaluate the overall content of a Web page and see how it compares with other resources on the same topic
 d. make sure that the Web page has a publication date
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Because information found on the Web can be published by anyone, you must assess the credibility of
a Web page by examining its currency, authority, content, and accuracy. Credible sources tend to be
well-edited so the content should be free of errors. Although the Web page may have print versions of
its content, the existence of print versions is not necessary for establishing the Web page’s credibility.
Though a publication date can contribute to enhancing the Web page’s credibility, it is not necessary.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: pp. 311-312
CTIVES:
ARDS:

25. Which of the following is an example of an open-ended survey question?

 a. What should the bookstore do about plastic bags?
 b. How many times have you visited the bookstore this semester?
 c. Would you be willing to change to another method of ordering books?
 d. All of these are open-ended questions.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Whatshouldthebookstoredoaboutplasticbags?is the only open-ended question; while it may yield
some interesting perceptions, the responses would be difficult to quantify and tabulate.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

26. Surveys, which are used to collect firsthand data, have many advantages. One advantage is that ______.
 a. those who respond to mailed or online surveys exactly represent the overall population
 b. respondents can be relied on to respond openly and truthfully to anonymous surveys
 c. data can be gathered economically and efficiently
 d. return rates for online and mailed surveys are typically over 90 percent
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Surveys gather data economically and efficiently, but response rates may be very low, respondents
may distort the truth, and those who respond may not represent an accurate sample of the general
population.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

27. Brittany is writing a business report about protecting workplace data and will be conducting an interview with a data
security expert. She should call before the interview to confirm the arrangements, learn about the individual she is
interviewing, and _______.
 a. make her questions biased to the answers she hopes to receive
 b. use dominant body language to show that she is in charge of the interview
 c. ask open-ended questions rather than yes-or-no questions to draw out responses from the expert
 d. take notes rather than recording the interview because a recorder may inhibit the expert from speaking openly
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: In developing her questions, Brittany should use open-ended questions so as to draw out the responses
from the expert. She should also be prepared to take notes should the recording device fail, dress
professionally, use her body language to convey respect, adopt a courteous and respectful attitude,
watch the time, and end graciously.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

28. Documenting data properly in business reports is important because it strengthens your argument, protects you from
charges of plagiarism, and _______.
 a. makes your report longer
 b. establishes your skill as a researcher
 c. makes your report more concise
 d. saves time.
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Documenting data can strengthen your argument, protect you from charges of plagiarism, help the
reader pursue the topic further, and save time. The world of business moves quickly, so words and
ideas must often be borrowed, which is acceptable when credit is given to sources.
POINTS: 1

CTIVES:
ARDS:
TOPICS: Documenting Information

29. Which of the following describes what plagiarism is?

 a. Plagiarism involves using good data from reputable sources to increase your credibility and to enhance the
logic of your reasoning.
 b. Plagiarism only happens in academic settings.
 c. Plagiarism is the act of using others’ ideas without proper documentation or by paraphrasing poorly.
 d. Plagiarism occurs when writers acknowledge the sources of their researched information.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Plagiarism is the act of using others’ ideas without documenting properly or by paraphrasing poorly.
It happens in both academic and business settings. However, you can avoid charges of plagiarism by
knowing what to document and by developing good research habits.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

30. Which of the following statements would need to be documented in a report?

 a. TornadoescausedextensivelossofpropertyandlivesinMissouri.
 b. Youcangetanideaofhowdangerousatornadoisbyitsrating.
 c. Damagingwinds,commoninstrongtornadoes,causedproblemsfortheresidentsofMissouri.
 d. TheFujita-Pearsontornadoscaleratestornadoeswithwindspeedsof261to318milesperhourasF5
storms.
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: You must document information that is not common knowledge. The statement that is not common
knowledge is "The Fujita-Pearson tornado scale rates tornadoes with wind speeds of 261 to 318 miles
per hour as F5 storms."
POINTS: 1

CTIVES:

31. Which of the following is an effective strategy when paraphrasing?

 a. Read the original material intently to make sure that you can use the same vocabulary.
 b. Write your own version without looking at the original.
 c. Repeat the grammatical structure of the original, replacing words with synonyms.
 d. Borrow specific language to make sure that you covered the main points.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: When paraphrasing, you should avoid repeating the grammatical structure of the original.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

32. Which of the following is a valid purpose for using direct quotation?
 a. To duplicate exact wording before criticizing an idea
 b. To avoid giving your own opinion
 c. To add length to a researched document
 d. To provide subjective background information
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Use quotations only to provide objective background data, to cite experts, to repeat precise phrasing,
or to duplicate exact wording before criticizing.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

33. Which of the following will help you avoid common problems when using direct quotations in a report?
 a. Beware of overusing quotations because you may appear as if you have no ideas of your own.
 b. If you use a direct quotation, don't dilute its impact by summarizing it or introducing it in your own words.
 c. Place the direct quotation in quotation marks but change a few words to show you have your own ideas.
 d. Avoid using any direct quotations in a report.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: You should beware of overusing quotations because readers may think that you have few ideas of
your own. In addition, always summarize a direct quote before you present it and keep its exact
wording.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

34. When you must use a long quotation, which of the following guidelines should you follow?
 a. Put it directly at the start of the paragraph
 b. Summarize and introduce it in your own words
 c. Put another long quotation after it.
 d. Put the long quotation as the first sentence of the introduction
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: When you need to use a long quotation, try to summarize and introduce it in your own words so that
readers can know the gist of the quotation before they read it.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

35. To avoid charges of copyright infringement, you should _______.

 a. include a footnote to all information
 b. use information only from Internet sites
 c. ask permission only when using information from a legal publication
 d. assume that all intellectual property is copyrighted
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: To avoid charges of copyright infringement, assume that all intellectual property is copyrighted,
realize that Internet items and resources are not in the public domain, observe fair-use restrictions, and
ask for permission. Also, remember that including a footnote will prevent charges of plagiarism but
not copyright infringement.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

36. Graphics are important in business reports because _______.

 a. they save the writer time
 b. readers grasp meaning from visuals more quickly than from text
 c. they allow for the distortion of data
 d. written text is becoming outdated
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Graphics are important in business reports primarily because readers grasp meaning from visuals
more quickly than they do from written text.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
TOPICS: Creating Meaningful Graphics

37. Which of the following is the first element to consider when selecting an appropriate graphic for a report?
 a. The length of your report
 b. Your word processing abilities
 c. Your report's organizational pattern
 d. Your objective
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: When selecting a graphic for a report, you must consider your objective, and then select a graphic that
will convey this information most effectively.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

38. Yolanda must include a long table in a report she is preparing on employee Internet use. What advice should she
follow when creating the table?
 a. Avoid distracting her readers with shading.
 b. Place the table as close as possible to its text discussion.
 c. Leave missing data blank.
 d. Because the emphasis is on the data, avoid the use of headings for each row.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Yolanda should place the table as close as possible to its text discussion. She should also use "N/A" to
note missing data, use clear headings for each row and column, and shade alternate lines in longer
tables.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

39. What type of graphic illustrates changes in data over time?

 a. Line chart
 b. Flowchart
 c. Pie chart
 d. Table
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Line charts are useful for demonstrating changes in quantitative data over time.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

40. The major advantage of line charts is that they _______.

 a. compare related items
 b. present large amounts of data
 c. show the proportion of parts to a whole
 d. demonstrate trends
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: The major advantage of line charts is that they can demonstrate trends.
POINTS: 1

CTIVES:

41. Which statement about pie charts is correct?

 a. Pie charts are most appropriate for technical audiences.
 b. Pie charts are most useful for showing percentages.
 c. Pie charts are more flexible than bar or line charts.
 d. Pie charts can be confusing to readers because of the use of multiple colors.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Pie charts, or circle graphs, enable readers to see a whole and the proportion of its components.
Although less flexible than bar or line charts, pie charts are useful for showing percentages.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

42. In her letter to policyholders, Min Yi needs to include a graphic depicting the procedure a policyholder follows when
filing a claim. Which of the following graphics would help her achieve her objective?
 a. Organizational chart
 b. Flowchart
 c. Illustration
 d. Table
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Procedures are simplified and clarified by diagramming them in a flowchart, because flowcharts help
the reader visualize a process.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

43. Which of the following pieces of advice regarding the use of graphics in a report is accurate?
 a. Use restraint when using color.
 b. Don't introduce a graphic; a good graphic should communicate information clearly by itself.
 c. Avoid summarizing the main point of the graphic.
 d. Avoid the use of headings on a graphic.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Use some restraint with color––too much color or decorations can be distracting or confusing to
readers.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

44. The front matter components of a formal report typically include: report cover, title page, letter of transmittal, table of
contents, and _______.
 a. budget
 b. list of figures or tables
 c. appendix
 d. schedule
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Although some front matter components of a formal report are optional, these components typically
appear in the following order when they are included within a formal report: report cover, title page,
letter or memo of transmittal, table of contents, list of figures or tables, and executive summary.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:
TOPICS: Assembling and Completing Formal Business Reports

45. What is the purpose of a letter or memo of transmittal?

 a. To announce the topic of the report
 b. To provide a list of sources used within the report
 c. To introduce the writer of the report
 d. To designate the parts of the report
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: A letter or memo of transmittal announces the topic of the report and tells how it was authorized;
briefly describes the project; highlights the report's findings, conclusions, and recommendations; and
closes with appreciation for the assignment or instruction for follow-up actions.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

46. What advice should you follow when preparing a table of contents?
 a. Avoid leaders (spaced dots) on a table of contents to avoid confusing the reader.
 b. Include only the front matter components and the main body headings and subheadings.
 c. Center all major headings.
 d. Title the page Contents or TableofContents.
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Label this page "Contents" or "Table of Contents" and include all front matter components, the body
section's main headings and subheadings, and any back matter sections. In addition, left-align all
major headings, and include leaders to help the reader locate the appropriate page numbers.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

47. The purpose of an executive summary is to _______.

 a. announce the topic of the report and tell how it was authorized
 b. secure funding
 c. present an overview of a longer report for people who may not have time to read the entire document
 d. show the main sections of a report
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: The purpose of an executive summary is to present an overview of a longer report for people who
may not have time to read the entire document.
POINTS: 1
LEARNINGOBJECESBC.GULO.23.10.06 - 10.06
TIVES:
ARDS:
DATECREATED: 1/11/2022 2:13 PM

48. What information should be included in the introduction of a formal report?

 a. Copies of surveys
 b. A discussion of the report findings
 c. Conclusions and recommendations
 d. Explanation of the problem
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: The introduction of a formal report typically includes an explanation of the problem, relevant
background information, the significance and scope of the report, and an organizational preview. It
may also incorporate the name of the individual who commissioned the report, a literature review, a
definition of terms, and a description of primary and secondary sources
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

49. The body of a formal report should _______.

 a. define important and unfamiliar terms
 b. identify the individuals responsible for commissioning the report
 c. discuss, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the research findings or solution to the problem
 d. include a description of all secondary and primary data collected during the research phase of writing the
report
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: The body of a formal report should discuss, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the research findings or
solution to the problem.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

50. When developing a bibliographic list of sources for a formal report, the writer should _______.
 a. include only published sources within your bibliographic list
 b. label the page "Works Cited" when using either the APA or MLA format
 c. list the sources in alphabetical order
 d. omit the bibliographic list of sources because the in-text citations will identify each source used within the
report
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: When developing a bibliographic list of sources, arrange all published and unpublished sources in
alphabetical order. In addition, title the page "Works Cited" when using the MLA format or
"References" when using the APA format. Regardless of the documentation format, include the
author, title, publication, date of publication, page number, and other significant data for all ideas or
quotations used in the report.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

51. In crafting the introduction to a proposal, you should make the proposal more persuasive by including a hook that
either hints at extraordinary results, promises low costs, or _______.
 a. mentions a remarkable resource
 b. keeps results general to avoid liability
 c. mentions past successes with other companies
 d. gives information from easily available resources
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Effective proposal openers state the reasons for the proposal and highlight the writer's qualifications.
They also "hook" readers by focusing on the audience's specific needs and benefits through hints of
extraordinary results, promises of low costs or speedy results, or references to remarkable resources
available exclusively to the writer.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

52. To help busy decision makers quickly understand the qualifications of the team who will complete the work, the
staffing section of a business report should _______.
 a. attach copies of their full resumes
 b. provide a summary highlighting their credentials
 c. include letters of recommendations from other clients
 d. include links to their LinkedIn profiles
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: A proposal should include a staffing section that describes the qualifications, credentials, and
expertise of the project leaders. This information not only promotes the writer's staff but also proves
to the potential client that qualified people will be on board to implement the project. To make the
information more readily accessible to busy decision makers, provide a summary highlighting their
credentials.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

53. Proposals are informative documents used to educate readers.

 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Proposals are persuasive offers to solve problems, provide services, or sell products.
POINTS: 1
QUESTIONTYPE: True / False
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES: ESBC.GULO.23.10.01 - 10.01
NATIONALSTANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG.ESBC.GULO.23.01.02 - DISC.ESBC.GULO.23.01.02
DATECREATED: 1/11/2022 2:13 PM
54. All proposals should use easy-to-understand language and show the value and benefits of the product or services being
recommended.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: All proposals share two significant characteristics: they use easy-to-understand language, and they
show the value and benefits of the product or services being recommended.
POINTS: 1
QUESTIONTYPE:True / False
CTIVES:
ARDS:

55. Because proposals are often selling products and services, they should always be written using a formal tone.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Proposals may be formal or informal depending on the purpose and audience. They may also be
internal or external and solicited or unsolicited.
POINTS: 1
LEARNINGOBJECESBC.GULO.23.10.01 - 10.01
TIVES:
ARDS:
DATECREATED: 1/11/2022 2:13 PM

56. In a solicited proposal, your goal is to convince the reader that a problem exists.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: In an unsolicited proposal, your goal is to convince the reader that a problem exists. In a solicited
proposal, your aim is to persuade the reader that you understand the reader's issues and that you have
a realistic solution.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

57. In the proposal, plan, and schedule section of a business proposal, your goal is to explain your plan for solving the
problem.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: In the proposal, plan, and schedule section of a business proposal, your goal is to explain your plan for
solving the problem. This section may also include an implementation plan that specifies research
methods and a schedule or timetable of activities.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

58. A proposal could become legally binding if accepted by the customer.

 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Because a proposal could become legally binding if accepted by the customer, the budget must be
carefully researched; you can't raise the price later even if your costs increase.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

59. The conclusion of a proposal should remind the reader of the proposal's key benefits and make it easy for the reader to
respond.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: The closing section of a proposal should remind the reader of the proposal's key benefits and make it
easy for the reader to respond. It may also include a project completion date as well as a deadline date
beyond which the proposal offer will no longer be in effect.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

60. Unlike a business proposal, a formal business report presents findings and recommendations based on research and
data analysis.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Formal business reports are similar to formal proposals in length, organization, and tone. However,
formal business reports present findings and recommendations based on research and data analysis.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

61. The first step in preparing a report is to conduct research.

 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: The first step of every report should begin with the writing of a purpose statement that defines the
focus of the report and provides a standard that keeps the project on target. Purpose statements include
action verbs that tell the reader what you intend to do.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

62. A primary goal of business report writing should be to present key findings that are relevant to your audience.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Effective report writers know the information their readers want and need; your goal is to present key
findings that are relevant to your target audience.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

63. Formal report writers conduct most of their research using primary sources.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Formal report writers conduct most of their research using secondary, not primary, sources.
Secondary information has been previously analyzed and compiled in books, articles, Web
documents, podcasts, correspondence, and annual reports.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

64. A report discussing the correct procedure to process customer complaints should be organized using a chronological
order.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Information sequenced along a time frame is arranged chronologically. This plan is effective for
presenting historical data or for describing a procedure such as the process for handling customer
complaints.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:


65. Focusing on the mechanics of a business report during the proofreading stage involves assessing its overall visual
appeal.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: The final step in preparing a formal business report involves proofreading its mechanics, which
involves looking for errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling (not visual appeal).
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

66. Secondary data come from reading what others have published, experienced, or observed.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Data fall into two broad categories, primary and secondary. Primary data result from firsthand
experience and observation. Secondary data come from reading what others have published,
experienced, or observed.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

67. An advantage of secondary data over primary data is that secondary data are easier and cheaper to develop.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Secondary data sources are easier and cheaper to gather than primary data sources.
POINTS: 1
DATECREATED: 1/11/2022 2:13 PM
68. Because of the vast amount of information available online, print resources are no longer considered credible sources
for business reports.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Although most report writers look first online for resource material, print material such as books and
periodicals can also be very useful for historical or scholarly information.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

69. A database is a collection of information stored digitally so that it is accessible by computers and mobile electronic
devices.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: A database is a collection of information stored digitally so that it is accessible by computers and
mobile electronic devices. Databases provide bibliographic information and full-text documents.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

70. Information about who sponsors a Web page is important to look for in assessing its authority and, in turn, its
credibility.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Web content isn't always reliable. Anyone posting a website is a publisher without any quality control
or guarantee. Therefore, you should always evaluate the currency, authority, content, and accuracy of
a Web page. To determine its authority, look for who publishes or sponsors the page and whether the
author can be contacted.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

71. Surveys can generate primary data economically and efficiently from large groups of people.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Surveys can generate primary data economically and efficiently from large groups of
people. However, a survey must be constructed carefully to produce useful and accurate information.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

72. When you conduct an interview, prepare closed-ended questions to ensure a variety of responses.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Using open-ended questions will produce more useful report data than closed-ended (yes-or-no)
questions.
POINTS: 1
LEARNINGOBJECTIVE ESBC.GULO.23.10.03 - 10.03
S:
NATIONALSTANDARD United States - BUSPROG.ESBC.GULO.23.01.06 - DISC.ESBC.GULO.23.01.06
S:
DATECREATED: 1/11/2022 2:13 PM
73. One reason to document sources in a report is to help the reader learn more about the topic.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Although documenting sources in a report will likely prevent charges of plagiarism, you should also
document sources to strengthen your argument and credibility and to help readers learn more about
the topic. Documenting sources is also important to provide proper credit in an ever-changing world
where words and ideas are often borrowed.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

74. The only item that you must document in a report is a quotation of another person's actual spoken or written words.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: You must document the quotations and paraphrases of another person's actual spoken or written
words. However, you must also document another person's ideas, opinions, examples, or theories; any
facts, statistics, graphs, and drawings that are not common knowledge; and visuals, images, and any
kind of electronic media.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

75. Information that is common knowledge requires no documentation.

 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Information that is common knowledge requires no documentation. However, you must cite sources
for proprietary information such as statistics organized and reported by another source, direct
quotations, and summarized ideas.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:


76. You can avoid plagiarism by using the grammatical structure of the original source and replacing select words with
synonyms.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: To paraphrase effectively, read the original to comprehend its full meaning; then write your own
version without looking at the original. Don't repeat the grammatical structure, and don't merely
replace words with synonyms.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

77. Direct quotations are often useful to provide objective data and to establish the severity of a problem as seen by
experts.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Effective communicators use direct quotations for three purposes only: to provide objective data and
establish the severity of a problem as seen by experts; to repeat identical phrasing because of its
precision, clarity, or aptness; or to duplicate exact wording before making critical statements.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:


78. You should assume that all intellectual property is copyrighted.

 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: You should assume that all intellectual property is copyrighted because nearly everything created
privately and originally after 1989 is copyrighted and protected whether or not it has a copyright
notice.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

79. If your report contains complex data and numbers, using graphics can help you simplify complex ideas, emphasize
key data, and _______.
 a. make key information easier to remember
 b. make subjective data look objective
 c. distract the reader from reading the report by focusing only on the graphics
 d. make the report itself irrelevant because of the clarity of the graphics
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Graphics clarify data, create visual interest, and make numerical data meaningful. By simplifying
complex ideas and emphasizing key data, well-constructed graphics make key information more
understandable and easier to remember.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

80. Probably the most frequently used visual aid in reports is the table.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: The most frequently used visual aid in reports is the table. Because a table presents quantitative or
verbal information in systematic columns and rows, it can clarify large quantities of data in small
spaces.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

81. The major advantage of line charts is that they show changes over time, thus indicating trends.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Use line charts when you want to show changes over time or trends.
POINTS: 1
DATECREATED: 1/11/2022 2:13 PM
82. Pie charts are an effective visual to demonstrate a procedure.

 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Flowcharts, not pie charts, are effective visuals to explain procedures. Pie charts are useful in
showing percentages.
POINTS: 1
LEARNINGOBJECTIV ESBC.GULO.23.10.05 - 10.05
ES:
DS:
DATECREATED: 1/11/2022 2:13 PM
83. In order to help ensure that your reader will understand your graphic, tell your audience what to look for, summarize
the main point of the graphic, and _______.
 a. place the graphic in the appendix
 b. place the graphic next to the point it supports
 c. assume the reader will reach the same conclusions you reached from the set of data
 d. use general directives such as TheFindingsareshowninFigure3
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Every graphic should be meaningfully introduced in the text and placed next to the point where it is
mentioned. In addition, help the reader understand the significance of the graphic by telling your
audience what to look for or by summarizing the main point of the graphic. Do not assume the reader
will automatically reach the same conclusions from the data presented.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

84. Report graphics should include a caption or title.

 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: You should choose an appropriate caption or title for each graphic. The caption or title may be a
talking title that tells the reader what to think or a functional title that makes general references using
nouns without interpreting data.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

85. The front matter of a formal report refers to the preliminary sections before the body section.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: The front matter of a formal report refers to the preliminary sections before the body section. Some
front matter components are optional, but they typically appear in this order when they are included:
report cover, title page, letter or memo of transmittal, table of contents, list of figures or tables, and
executive summary.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:
TOPICS: Understanding Report Components

86. If included with a report, a letter or memo of transmittal should be written using the indirect strategy.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: A transmittal letter or memo follows the direct strategy and is usually less formal than the
report itself.

POINTS: 1
LEARNINGOBJECTIVES ESBC.GULO.23.10.06 - 10.06
:
NATIONALSTANDARDS United States - BUSPROG.ESBC.GULO.23.01.01 - DISC.ESBC.GULO.23.01.01
:
DATECREATED: 1/11/2022 2:13 PM
87. The purpose of a table of contents is to present an overview of the report for people who may not have time to read the
entire report.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: The purpose of an executive summary, not the table of contents, is to present an overview of a longer
report for people who may not have time to read an entire report. The purpose of a table of contents is
to show the main sections in a report and their page numbers.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

88. The introduction should be the principal section of a formal report.

 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: The body is the principal section in a formal report. It discusses, analyzes, interprets, and evaluates
the research findings or solution to the problem. It also contains the evidence that justifies the
conclusion.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

89. The most important section of a report to a reader is the conclusions and recommendations.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: The conclusions and recommendations section is important to a reader because this section explains
what the findings mean.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

90. Regardless of the documentation format used, sources should be alphabetized in the bibliographic section of a report.
 a. True
 b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Always alphabetize all sources within the bibliographic section of a report.
POINTS: 1

DATECREATED: 1/11/2022 2:13 PM
91. In which part(s) of a proposal should you state the project completion date?
 a. Proposal, Plan, and Schedule, and Conclusion and Authorization
 b. Proposal, Plan, and Schedule, and Budget
 c. Proposal, Plan, and Schedule
 d. Conclusion and Authorization
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Most writers include a schedule or timetable of activities showing the proposal’s estimated
completion. Additionally, the closing section might include a project completion date.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

92. A document that specifies a business or agency's requirements and solicits competitive bids from vendors is known as
an RFP, which stands for _______.
 a. request for plan
 b. request for proposal
 c. research for proposal
 d. research for plan
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: When government organizations or businesses have a specific need, they prepare a request for
proposal (RFP), a document that specifies their requirements and solicits competitive bids from
vendors.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

93. How do formal reports differ from formal proposals?

 a. A formal report has an authorization section.
 b. A formal report presents thorough investigation and analysis.
 c. A formal report makes an offer.
 d. A formal report has fewer sections.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Formal business reports are similar to formal proposals in length, organization, and tone. But instead
of making an offer, formal reports present ordered information to decision makers in business,
industry, government, and education and are the product of thorough investigation and analysis.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

94. Preparing a written purpose statement is helpful because it defines the focus of the report and _______.
 a. determines the scope of the budget
 b. provides a detailed schedule
 c. provides a standard that keeps the project on target
 d. details the important deadlines
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: It describes the goal, significance, and limitations of a formal report. The statement of purpose,
developed in the planning stage, defines the focus of a report and provides a standard that keeps the
project on target.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

95. You need to write a formal report that compares different alternatives, showing before and after scenarios. Which
strategy type for data arrangement should you use?
 a. Chronological
 b. Simple/Complex
 c. Compare/Contrast
 d. Importance
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Formal report writers should organize their information logically. Formal reports that aim to compare
different scenarios and show before and after scenarios should use the Compare/Contrast data
arrangement.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

96. A collection of information stored digitally so that it is accessible by computers and mobile electronic devices is a
_______.
 a. database
 b. survey monkey
 c. Wikipedia
 d. Google doc
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: A database is a collection of information stored digitally so that it is accessible by computers and
mobile electronic devices. Databases provide bibliographic (titles of documents and brief abstracts)
and full-text documents.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

97. Which of the following sources found on the Internet would be considered credible enough to include in a formal
report?
 a. Wikipedia and other online encyclopedias
 b. Information found in discussion forums
 c. A personal blog
 d. Library databases
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Library databases are an extremely credible source, providing a wide array of articles, business
reports, company profiles, government data, reviews, and directories. Information on the Internet is
less reliable than information from traditional sources. Blogs and discussion forums, for example,
change constantly and may disappear altogether, preventing your source from being verified.
Wikipedia is generally crowdsourced, providing uneven and too general quality of information.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

98. Information that is common knowledge requires no documentation. Which of the following is an example of common
knowledge?
 a. TheWallStreetJournal is a popular business newspaper.
 b. Bangladesh is the fastest growing city in the world.
 c. In 2021, the automobile company Tesla sold 936,172 vehicles.
 d. Amazon is the leading e-retailer in the United States, with net sales amounting to close to 386 billion U.S.
dollars in 2020.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Common knowledge is information that most people will know. If the information needed to be
gathered and assembled, especially in the case of statistics, the information should be cited. Even if
you summarize in your own words, you need to cite the source.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:

99. An infographic is a type of visual aid that combines images and graphic elements to present complex information in a
format that is easy to understand, tells a story, and _______.
 a. uses a lot of words
 b. is more informational than persuasive
 c. includes a call to action
 d. allows for presenting biased information
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: An infographic is a visual representation of complex information in a format that is easy to
understand, and often include a call to action. Effective infographics tell a story by combining images
and graphic elements. Because these data visualizations tend to be long, they are commonly shared in
online environments.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:

100. The goal of an executive summary is to summarize a report’s major sections, such as the purpose, background,
conclusions, and _______.
 a. recommendations
 b. schedule
 c. budget
 d. letter of transmittal
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: The purpose of an executive summary is to present an overview of a longer report for people who
may not have time to read an entire document. An executive summary should summarize a report's
major sections: the purpose, background, conclusions, and recommendations.
POINTS: 1
CTIVES:
ARDS:


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Chapter 10 Proposals and Formal Reports

1. Which of the following statements regarding business proposals is correct?

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page1

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8. What should be included in the staffing section of an informal proposal?

9. The budget in a proposal should _______.

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12. What is the first step in writing a formal report?

15. Chronological organization arranges ideas by _______.

19. Primary research data can be defined as _______.

23. Which of the following are considered secondary research sources?

25. Which of the following is an example of an open-ended survey question?

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29. Which of the following describes what plagiarism is?

30. Which of the following statements would need to be documented in a report?

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31. Which of the following is an effective strategy when paraphrasing?

35. To avoid charges of copyright infringement, you should _______.

36. Graphics are important in business reports because _______.

39. What type of graphic illustrates changes in data over time?

40. The major advantage of line charts is that they _______.

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41. Which statement about pie charts is correct?

45. What is the purpose of a letter or memo of transmittal?

47. The purpose of an executive summary is to _______.

48. What information should be included in the introduction of a formal report?

49. The body of a formal report should _______.

53. Proposals are informative documents used to educate readers.

58. A proposal could become legally binding if accepted by the customer.

61. The first step in preparing a report is to conduct research.

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75. Information that is common knowledge requires no documentation.

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78. You should assume that all intellectual property is copyrighted.

82. Pie charts are an effective visual to demonstrate a procedure.

84. Report graphics should include a caption or title.

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88. The introduction should be the principal section of a formal report.

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93. How do formal reports differ from formal proposals?

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