-ENGLISH 10 QUARTER 3

 ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING
 When we hear the word “argument,” we know this as a heated conversation.
However, academically speaking, it is an attempt to persuade someone by
presenting evidence to the reader for why it is a more favorable choice regarding a
particular issue. We persuade people to agree with our claim using facts. This is
called argumentation.
 In order to do that, we need to do research and find evidences to support our claim.
This kind of writing is what we call “argumentative essay.” An argumentative essay
is a written form of argumentation
 presents evidences for a claim in order to let the reader know why it is more
favorable
 shows why the other side of an issue is unfavorable or less favorable
 includes, like any other essay, an introduction and conclusion
 a common assignment for high school and college students. topics are related to
science, technology, politics, and health care (in general)
What is an argumentative essay?
 a piece of writing that takes a stance on an issue
 writer attempts to persuade readers to understand and support their point of view
about an issue by stating their reasoning and providing evidence to support it
The following are terms related to an argumentative essay.
 Issue – an idea about which the opinions of people are different.
 Claim – a statement by an author about an issue. A claim has a significant
amount of disagreement about it. A claim needs supporting
arguments. A claim is also called a position, stand, or point of view.
 Argument – an idea that supports the claim. An argument needs supporting
evidences.
 Evidence – facts in the real world that can be used to support an argument.
Examples of evidences are statistics, data from studies, historical events, habitual
practices, and other facts that can support an argument.
 Counterargument – an idea given by the opposing side against the claim given
in the argumentative essay.
 Rebuttal – the response to the counterargument
 Pro – an argument in favor of a claim or advantage regarding something
 Con - an argument against a claim or disadvantage regarding something
Why is it important to learn to write an argumentative essay?
 help you to develop critical thinking and research skills along with
developing how to rationally defend a position
  help you progress academically and occupationally
Argumentative essays have the following elements:
 claim, arguments, evidences, counterargument, rebuttal, and conclusion.
Elements of an Argumentative Essay
 CLAIM-it is the position or assertion in relation to an issue. A claim cannot be
used to support an argument because it is a claim that must be defended.
 ARGUMENT-statements that support the claim
 EVIDENCE-the facts or reasons that support the arguments.
 COUNTERARGUMENT-an opposing argument or assertion
 REBUTTAL-logical arguments for rejecting the argument
 CONCLUSION-the conclusion restates the claim,summarizes arguments,
restates the counterclaim and rebuttal and makes any recommendation
Example:
 ISSUE: Should people be encouraged to travel by bicycle rather than by
car?
 CLAIM: People should be encouraged to travel by bicycle rather than by
car.
 ARGUMENT: Maintaining a bicycle is less expensive than a car.
 EVIDENCE: The parts of a bicycle are much cheaper than the parts of a
car. Fixing a car may require the services of a mechanic who would
charge an expensive amount for labor. On the other hand, many bicycles
can be fixed by the owners themselves. Cars require expensive yearly
registration.
 COUNTERARGUMENT: Some say that riding a bicycle would
increase travel time and decrease productivity.
 REBUTTAL: Traveling by bicycle would actually mean avoiding rush
hour traffic jams.
 CONCLUSION: So, we encourage people to travel by bicycle rather
than by car to avoid traffic jams during rush hours to keep and it does not
make people from being late to their appointments
NOTE: Evidence can be FACTS, STATISTICS, and EXAMPLES
Components of an Argumentative Essay
 INTRODUCTION - background of the subject/topic or thesis.
 BODY - present your position with supported evidence
 REFUTATION - counterclaim and rebuttal
 CONCLUSION - summarize key points
INTRODUCTION
 it is an introductory paragraph; it is in the start of the essay
  this is called the “gateway” of an essay
 it is because it attracts the attention of readers to the essay and gives the readers
background information about the topic
 it also introduces the thesis statement of the essay, which is the heart of an essay,
and tells what to be discussed in the body paragraphs
Example:
Why should we ditch our fancy, high priced, gas guzzling sports car and pick up a low
tech bicycle? Well, we should all choose to take the old fashion route because there are
money benefits to riding a bike round town. Although it may be more work, a bicycle’s
benefits will outweigh a car’s dangerous fumes any day. People should be encouraged to
commute by bicycle rather than by car.
BODY
 it is the body paragraph where facts of the given thesis statements of the essay
are written
 it is where the arguments are written to support the statements
Example:
(1st Argument) Financial commuting costs for a bicycle are considerably less than for a
car. A brand new car costs a million pesos and it uses expensive fuel to let it run and
move, while a bicycle will only cost more than one thousand pesos but does not need any
fuel, and it uses body energy to pedal and move.
 REFUTATION/COUNTERARGUMENT – it is the argument to refute earlier
arguments and give weight to the actual position.
Example:
(Counterargument) Some say that riding a bike would increase commuting time and
decrease productivity.
(Rebuttal) Commuting by bicycle would mean avoiding rush hour traffic jams and
helping the be early or on time to an appointment.

 CONCLUSION – it is rephrasing the thesis statement, major points, call

attention, or just having the concluding remarks. It even has some
recommendations.
Example:
We should choose riding a bicycle. This will not only be less expensive and fuel-free but
it gives us a healthy body.
Finally, it brings us to destination on time or even earlier avoiding traffic jams.
  INFORMATIVE WRITING
INTRODUCTION
 Writing is the most complex of the four macro skills in communication. It
takes years and a lot of practice to master this skill. However, since writing is
part of life, you need to hone your writing skills to prepare you for academic
and professional demands.
LESSON 1: Using Informative Writing Techniques
What’s Informative Writing
 explains a specific topic
 includes informative texts that is grounded on facts
 may follow a number of structures like
 description,
 sequence,
 cause and effect,
 problem-solution, and
 comparison and contrast
 educates readers about a topic or subject
 meant to inform others using credible sources as evidence – facts, statistics,
and other research data answer the five Ws: who, where, when, what, and
why
 describe “how” to do or accomplish something (sometimes)
When choosing a topic for informative writing
a. focus on a specific topic
b. consider the topic that is not too broad or too narrow (A topic is too broad if you
cannot explain it in one or two pages)
special education - a big scope/broad topic
causes of hearing-impairment – specific and narrow
On the other hand, a topic is too narrow when it is very simple and can be explained in a
sentence or a short paragraph.
Just like any type of writing, informative texts follow a structure –
 introduction
 body, and
 conclusion
The introduction
 Grabbing the attention of readers is part of the beginning - formally known
as introduction.
  It is where the thesis statement is found.
What is a thesis statement?
 considered the most essential part of informative writing

 known as the road map of an informative text because the whole essay is
built around it (Kristina Barroso, “Informative Writing Techniques”)
 a sentence that summarizes the entire essay
Aside from stating the thesis statement, writers introduce the main idea, provide
definition for difficult words/concepts, and give a short description on what will be
discussed.
The body
 middle part where the thesis statement is fully explained
 evidence such as facts, statistics, statements from experts, and other supporting
details are found in this section
 requires citing sources of information
Note: The evidence presented will be the basis if the information is reliable, accurate,
and unbiased.
The conclusion
 reiterates the thesis statement and summarizes the main points of the informative
text
 no new evidence must be presented at this point because all ideas must have
already been discussed in the body
Tone, clarity (being clear) and transition words
Aside from the structure, other features and techniques of informative writing need to be
considered.
First is tone or attitude of the author toward the topic. The attitude of the author toward
the topic should always be formal, objective, and neutral. As mentioned above,
informative writing is fact-based - biased information is unacceptable. The writer’s
opinion and beliefs do not have a place in informative writing.
Second, always be specific. Provide clear answers to the five Ws and one H of the topic
you are writing about. Employ language that is clear, formal, and unbiased.
Also, do not forget to use transitional words (discussed in previous modules) for
organized and smooth flow of ideas.
In doing so, readers can get a better understanding of the information they read.
  Informative essays vary in length, but all good informative pieces are a product
of an application of several writing techniques. Below are some of the best
tips/techniques to help you write an excellent informative text.
1. Open with an attention grabber and conclude with a summary of the main points of
the essay.
2. Use appropriate transitional words to ensure the logical flow of ideas.
3. Observe formal tone.
4. Utilize proper language and applicable vocabulary to the topic. Similarly, avoid biased
language.
5. Make use of formatting, nonlinear texts such as flowcharts, graphs, graphic
organizers, and digital texts with hyperlinks when needed.

 PERSUASIVE WRITING
 STUDYWELL!

RANSP