CHAPTER 2: EMERGENCY HELP

2.1 CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)

 CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
(CPR)
 An emergency aid that involves a combination of chest
compressions and breathing into the mouth of the victim
to restore their heartbeat and breathing.
Causes of situations that require CPR
Heart attack Drowning

Electric shock Lightning strike

Situations of individuals requiring CPR

1. If an individual is not breathing

2. If an individual does not respond to stimulus

3. If an individual has no heartbeat or pulse

CPR PROCEDURE

1. CHECK THE
VICTIM’S RESPONSES
➢ Make sure the surrounding area is safe
➢ Check the victim's responses
➢ If no response, shout “Help!” and ask
the help from any bystander to contact
999 999

999
CPR PROCEDURE

2. OPEN THE AIRWAY

➢ Ensure the victim is lying down on a
flat surface with chest facing upwards.
➢ Tilt the head back.
➢ Lift the chin to open up the airway.
➢ Check if the victim is breathing
➢ Observe the movement of the victim's
chest
CPR PROCEDURE
3. CHEST COMPRESSIONS

➢ If no pulse or breathing, apply chest

compression technique.
➢ Chest compression are performed at a
rate of 100-120 compressions
per minute.
CPR PROCEDURE
4. MOUTH-TO-MOUTH
RESUSCITATION

➢ If still not breath, pinch the victim’s

nose and blow the air into the victim’s
mouth for 1 second.
CPR PROCEDURE
5. MOUTH-TO-MOUTH
RESUSCITATION (continue...)

➢ Do chest compression for 30 times,

followed by 2 times mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation until the ambulance
arrives.
CPR PROCEDURE
• Why do we do:

a) Chest compression method?

b) Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation?