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UPSC CSE 2021 Paper 1 Solutions

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Uploaded at : https://t.me/csechem

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Source: Any standard book

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1 b)
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Source: Thermochemistry portion from any standard book

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1 c)
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Source: Thermodynamics of elastomers / Rubber band thermodynamics lectures from

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internet
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Last part is explained in another source as shown below

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1 d)

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Source: Simple application of Clausius-Clapeyron equation, given below is a variation

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from Gurdeep Raj Page 99

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1 e)
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Source: Any standard source. Following is taken from :

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https://new.bhu.ac.in/Content/Syllabus/Syllabus_300620200427082157.pdf

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When the electrodes (metals and non-metals) in contact with their ions are arranged on the basis of

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the values of their standard reduction potentials or standard oxidation potentials, the resulting

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series is called the electrochemical or electromotive or activity series of the elements. By measuring
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the potentials of various electrodes versus standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), a series of standard

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electrode potentials has been established. By international convention, the standard potentials of
electrodes are tabulated for reduction half reactions, indicating the tendencies of the electrodes to

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behave as cathodes towards SHE

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[Mention 3-4 values from the table above
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Significance:
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1.Reactivity of Metals: The activity of the metal depends on its tendency to lose electron or
electrons, i.e., tendency to form cation. This tendency depends on the magnitude of standard
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reduction potential. The metal which has high negative value (or smaller positive value) of standard
reduction potential readily loses the electron or electrons and is converted into cation. Such a metal
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is said to be chemically active.

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2.Electropositive Character of Metals The electropositive character also depends on the tendency to
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lose electron or electrons. Like reactivity, the electropositive character of metals decreases from top
to bottom in the electrochemical series
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3.To predict whether a given metal will displace another, from its salt solution: A metal higher in the
series will displace the metal from its solution which is lower in the series, i
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[Find more in the link shared.. write 3-4 from the list]
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2 a)

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Source:
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https://www.fulviofrisone.com/attachments/article/356/Problems%20And%20Solutions%20On%20
Atomic,.pdf

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(i) Direct application – solve by self
(ii)

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2 b)
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Source : Basic Inorganic Chemistry by Cotton
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2 c)

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Source : INTRODUCTION TO SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY, MIT OpenCourseware

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3 a)

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Source: Any standard source

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Solution:
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work done is same as increase in surface energy

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3 b)
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Source: Any standard source, this is from Ira Levine

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3 c)
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Source: Donald A. McQuarrie Physical Chemistry

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Source : Problems and Solutions on Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics

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4 a)
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Source: Any standard source

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4 b)
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Source : Problems and Solutions on Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics

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4 c)
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Source: Gurdeep Raj
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Source: Any standard book

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5 b)
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Source: Any standard book

Source: Any standard book

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5 c)
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Source: Huheey
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5 e)
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Source: Random internet source

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6 a)
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Source: Huheey

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6 b)
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Source: Any standard source

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6 c)
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Source: Any standard source

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7 a)
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Source: Huheey/ standard bioinorganic book
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7 b)
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7 c)
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Source: Gurdeep Raj

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8 a)
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8 b)

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Source: any standard notes

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Intro and diamagnetic ions

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Simple spin only applicable cases
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Difference from 3d
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