SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND IRRESPONSIBLE

PRACTICES IN COASTAL AND MARINE AREAS IN

GLAN SARANGANI PROVINCE

An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of Tourism Department
GLAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Calabanit, Glan, Sarangani Province

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT

By

SUZIE JANE M. SARDAN

SHAIRA LOU Q. LAGARE
GLASSA MAE SALCEDO

FEBRUARY 2024
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

The accumulation of solid waste is a pervasive aspect of human existence.

Eradicating waste can contribute to a prosperous future. Waste management has become an

integral part of life since the dawn of humanity. Currently, the profligate disposal of waste is

exacerbated by human actions. Solid-waste management has become an urgent involvement

for society. Furthermore, to give attention to this matter, a range about strategies and

techniques exists typically employed, including recycling, composting, waste-to-energy, and

landfilling.

It is crucial to prevent irresponsible behavior from improving waste management

because an increasing number of individuals recognize the significance of solid waste

management and how its actions impact the environment. To achieve effective waste

management, it is essential to block the path of irresponsible behavior and find a solution to

this problem.

As asserted by (Abubakar et al. 2022) in their article, explained that there is an

essential practice and responsibility that requires immediate action to maintain a healthy

environment. Proper solid waste management has a significant impact on the population

because it conserves resources and enhances the performance of the town in question.

The study titled "(Junior High School Students' Awareness and Practices of Solid Waste

Management,2023)" highlighted each value of evaluating the connection between

sustainable solid waste management and irresponsible practices. Therefore, crucial to

recognize that below standard waste regulations poses considerable socioeconomic, natural

resources, and health concerns. Waste disposal is an integral component of solid waste

management, and it is essential to address the root cause of irresponsible behavior to

overcome this issue.

As per (Corabero et al., 2021), solid waste management in the Philippines is a

pressing country issue that need quick respond both between government and its citizens.

The amount of waste in the country has increased and is predicted to continue to increase in

the coming years.

It is essential to strive for a trash-free Philippines and encourage others to join in

efforts to raise awareness and promote environmental responsibility. Raising awareness is a

powerful tool that can help address other environmental challenges such as coastal and

marine ecosystems. Achieving these goals requires strict regulations, active participation

from citizens, collaboration among all stakeholders, and the commitment of the Philippines

government.

(Arabiyat et. al., 2024) wrote on "Enhancing sustainable solid waste management

through different source collection," that solid waste has appear as urgent attention that

affects environment regulation and feasible unceasing, especially in local place which has

higher adjudge of people developing and few groundworks. It seeks evaluating more

production and advantage from distinct author-accumulating manner that segregate

reprocess things based on point of place. It emphasizes impacts of independent origin

accumulation to community’s economy, environment, and lively settings.

An article written by (Viantikasari, et. al., 2019) explained that rubbish generation

increases with population expansion, and the percentage of garbage services increases year

after year, causing the capacity of waste landfill to decrease. It’s very difficult to look a

better place towards another waste sites that meet the central standards. To extend the life of

garbage landfills, several efforts are required, including the implementation of a 3R

(Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) waste management method.

Based on a previous study (Nguyen et. al., 2024) in their article stated that there is

impacts of education and perception on high school students towards the practices in plastic

garbage also research investigated to influence of academic, perceptual, and behavior aspect

on proper disposal style and the irresponsible behavior of the student from national, which

can lead to detrimental consequences for marine animals such as sea turtles, dolphins, and

whales, who might mistakenly ingest waste as food.it.

According to (Romenick Alejandro Molina & Catan's (2021) study, solid waste

management one of major problems experience by a lot of people in a nation. A lack of

proper disposal of waste will cause mass difficulties in terms of health, environment, and

economy. Educational institutions are the agents of change. Solid waste management idea

No. 9003 were incorporated into science education.

According to (Shabani et. al., 2024) in his article solid waste is a topical issue

globally due to shortage of dumping sites caused by population growth, urbanization,

industrialization, and disease. Current technologies such as GIS and RS have become

important for achieving sustainable solid waste management goals. GIS and RS appear to be
more useful in developed countries than in underdeveloped ones. The waste management

consist of more option for waste management during the lifecycle of rubbish, it should be

priority: waste elimination and reduction, re-use, and recycling, recover, and healing and

proper disposal may lead to address this problem.

This study investigated the broader context of handling proper waste disposal and

irresponsible behavior over coastal and marine regions. The effective management of solid

waste is crucial for the well-being of communities and is a key factor in maintaining a clean

and healthy environment. Improper waste disposal can lead to various environmental

problems and pose a risk to human life.

Several aspects of solid waste management exist, including waste collection,

transportation, treatment, and disposal. Additionally, it involves the implementation of strict

monitoring and regulation as well as the establishment of legal and regulatory frameworks to

guide recycling efforts. Advance of technology it also helps to speak louder and educate

people on the significance of proper waste management.

The crucial objective of the study is to investigate the connection both sustainable

garbage guidance and irresponsible practices in coastal and marine areas. This study is

critical to understanding other issue associated with garbage guidance and irresponsible

behavior. By examining these issues, we can develop effective solutions for these problems.

This study not only seeks to answer these questions, but also aims to shed light on ongoing

issues that have yet to be resolved.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

(Shabani et. al., 2024), state that the literature on careless behavior and sustainable

solid waste management (SWM) highlights the severity of global SWM problems and
exacerbates them through factors such as urbanization, industrialization, population growth,

and public health concerns. The biggest issues is to control and achieve proper disposal of

waste therefore it should use advance technology such as geographic system information

and remote sensing where we can able to have resources for addressing these issues.

According to the findings of Barbir and Dabić (2024) in thier research article

"Construction Waste Management in Croatia," effective and sustainable waste management

methods are necessary to address the challenges posed by various types of waste, including

building and demolition waste. It is crucial to implement a circular economy strategy in line

with EU guidelines to efficiently manage waste streams and minimize environmental

impacts. This study underscores the importance of establishing authorized landfills and

installing suitable waste management infrastructure to prevent the emergence of

uncontrolled landfills due to careless waste disposal practices.

A study by (Muheirwe et al., 2023) in their article “Solid waste management

regulation in the informal settlements: A social-ecological context from Kampala city,

Uganda”, various factors such as socioeconomic status, geographical challenges, and

regulatory knowledge impact waste management. This study suggests that waste

management practices differ significantly and are influenced by both official regulations and

informal norms emerging from community interactions. Although policies aim to control

and discourage harmful practices such as burning and open dumping, their effectiveness is

limited by factors such as weak enforcement and lack of awareness among the local

population. This study also emphasizes the role of socialization in shaping waste

management habits and customs, underscoring the importance of educational campaigns that

address both official laws and informal societal norms.

 A recent article by (Robin et. al., 2023), marine litter poses a significant threat to the

environment, ecology, public health, climate, and economy, not only in India, but globally.

This highlights the various pathways through which land-based and marine activities

contribute to pollution in the Indian Ocean. This study highlights the importance of adopting

sustainable behavior and practices. The LIFE-Living for Environment organization

advocates for these sustainable practices and encourages individuals to take responsibility

for their waste and participate in coastal cleanup initiatives.

(Eghbali et. al., 2022) emphasized the importance of designing and planning waste

transfer stations, treatment facilities, and landfills in municipal solid waste management.

Their study found that source separation reduces trash separation costs and enhances the

quality of the recycled products. Waste recycling is also facilitated by the elimination of

mixed waste formation. The aim of this research is to develop a sustainable supply chain

network model for municipal solid waste management by considering source separation and

incorporating a reward-penalty mechanism. The model focuses on reducing the total cost of

the system, greenhouse gas emissions, and the negative environmental impacts on residential

areas.

Massive accumulation of untreated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become a

significant problem in modern times (Sondh et al. 2022). The article 'A strategic review on

MSW management system focusing on regulation, immediate action, and solution for waste-

to-recognize highlights that the uncontrolled garbage output and accumulation is due to

rapid residents’ growth, urban, and ineffective waste management settings.

Andriolo and Gonçalves (2022) found evidence of marine litter embedded in dune

volumes at two North Atlantic Portuguese coastal study sites. This study reported the effects
of stranded litter on sand dune formation and erosion in a natural beach-dune system.

Plastics dating back 38 years have been discovered in storm-eroded foredunes of an urban

beach. This study emphasizes the importance of enhancing the buried-litter census and

monitoring coastal dunes.

According to research conducted by (Aming-Hayudini et. al., 2022) in their article,

"Practices on Waste Disposal and Its Environmental Effects," the study aimed to investigate

waste disposal practices among the people of Barangay Upper Sanraymundo in Jolo, Sulu,

Philippines. This study explored the impact of inhabitants' garbage disposal methods on the

environment. This study sought to determine whether waste disposal procedures have a

substantial impact on the environment.

Another study conducted by (Sewak et. al., 2021), it was found that solid waste

management, or SWM, is a significant problem worldwide where presents serious

environmental and socioeconomic problems due to improper waste disposal and low

recycling rates. Several studies have been conducted to investigate strategies for

encouraging sustainable waste management, identify the factors that lead to unsustainable

practices, and understand the complexities of SWM systems.

Based on (Thakur et al.. al. 2021), solid waste management it affects pressing mother

nature concern in the IHR: is a pressing environmental concern in the people in indian

country Region (IHR) because some the unique geographical and ecological features of the

region. This study examines the existing practices, challenges, and potential solutions for

sustainable solid waste management in IHR. Additionally, as per Ravichandran and

Venkatesan (2021) in their essay "3 - Toward Sustainable Waste operation - Challenges

among Opportunities," debris rubbish is a cogent or semi-substantial matter that is discarded

as unusable, and its management is a global issue. The growth of urban populations and

urbanization have exacerbated the problem of waste disposal, making it more challenging to

safely manage large quantities of waste.

(Oktaliana et. al., 2020), in their article "THE BEHAVIOR OF WASTE DISPOSAL

INTO RIVER AMONG COMMUNITY,” one of the difficulties that are present in the

country is the issue of waste disposal. This affects the cleanliness of the environment and

surroundings. Disposing garbage in water is a form of reckless behavior. Water is a valuable

resource. People have turned the disposal of rubbish into a river into a hobby without

considering the unfavorable consequences of their actions. In a similar vein, (Kuberling &

Josh, 2019) explores the dynamic process of corporate irresponsibility in his article "Paths of

Corporate Irresponsibility: A Dynamic Process." He argues some organizations that engage

in irresponsible behavior depend to their specific type of managing path, but also how that

managing path evolves within the organization. This can affect people's roles in the

environment.

In the article "Subverting Sustainability: Market Maintenance Work and the

Reproduction of Corporate Irresponsibility" (2019), the author highlights three

interconnected techniques of institutional work that contribute to the revolution of unceasing

and the perpetuation of unproper levels of waste processing and usage. These techniques

include irresponsible practices from corporations, which may have negative consequences

for their employees and environment.

Furthermore, according to the study entitled "Solid waste issue: Sources,

composition, disposal, recycling, and valorization (Abdel-Shafy and Mona, S.M. Mansour,

2018), solid waste management do one significant with pressing challenges in term of
developed together of growing nations, affecting between global and international places.

Effective solid waste management should more strong matches viable, performable, socially

understandable, and environmental approachable. This presents a challenge for authorities in

both small and large cities.

RELATED STUDIES

In his article (Treyes et. al., 2023) cited how women actively participate in home

waste management duties will make valuable contributions to the SWM. The results indicate

that households may be willing to implement sustainable waste management techniques,

suggesting room for behavioral change. However, the report acknowledges that to address

the different aspects influencing SWM, such as financial capacities, education, infrastructure

development, and favorable conditions for behavioral change, policymakers, waste

management authorities, and stakeholders must work together.

As cited by (Entrino et. al., 2023) addressed the problem of floating marine debris in

Mati City using a modified version of Seabin, known as SEAGOP. This essay emphasizes

the broader context of the problem by identifying irresponsible behavior and unsustainable

solid waste management as significant contributors to marine pollution. The report

highlights the need to implement sustainable waste management solutions by identifying the

prevalence of specific debris types, such as plastic wrappers, leaves, cellophane, plastic

bottles, and face masks.

(Ann et. al., 2023), the study "Perception and Awareness of Marine Plastic Pollution

in Selected Tourism Beaches of Barobo, Surigao del Sur, Philippines" highlights the

intricate relationship between destinations and marine plastic disposal and emphasizes on

the importance of implementing sustainable solid waste management techniques. Existing

literature supports the notion that inadequately managed tourism activities, particularly in

coastal areas, contribute significantly to trash pollution. Furthermore, factors such as

inadequate garbage disposal systems and low awareness among visitors and locals

exacerbate these issues.

It is important to understand the types and densities of microplastic litter in order to

assess the cleanliness of coastal areas (Acot et. al., 2022) noted. This is particularly

important considering the increasing human demand and establishment of protected areas,

such as the Sarangani Bay Protected Seascape. However, challenges such as pollution,

urbanization, and population growth make conservation efforts difficult, underscoring the

need for stricter laws and enforcement practices to effectively address plastic pollution.

Marine litter is a significant challenge in the tourism industry of the Siargao Islands

and is attributed to increased trash output resulting from urbanization, economic

development, and tourism activities. This problem was identified in a report by (Serrona et

al., 2022), which focuses on marine litter. Although the tourism industry has brought

substantial economic benefits to local communities, the accumulation of waste, especially

marine litter, poses a significant threat to the environment. To address this issue, the report

recommends implementing creative laws and regulations, capacity-building programmes,

deposit reimbursement plans, technological advancements, and community-based strategies.

The aim is to promote international best practices for sustainable tourism in island

economies and to emphasize the importance of solid waste management techniques that can

reduce irresponsible behavior and safeguard the natural integrity of tourist attractions.

According to (Breva, 2020) research, published in the article the accurate data on

waste production is crucial for developing and implementing effective waste management
strategies at the local government level, particularly in Magsaysay, Misamis Oriental,

Philippines. In this study, the municipality conducted a waste characterization and

quantification study by selecting specific barangays and evaluating their waste generation

rates, composition, and sorting efficiency. The results revealed that domestic waste was the

primary contributor to the waste stream, with a significant proportion of it being

biodegradable. Consequently, the Magsaysay Local Government Unit developed a

comprehensive waste management plan that includes landfill design, source reduction,

collection, composting facilities, and special waste management.

(Lunag 2019) conducted a comprehensive study on waste analysis and

characterization in Baguio City, a popular tourist destination in the Philippines facing rapid

urbanization and increasing waste output, particularly during peak seasons. This study

highlights the significant challenges posed by the waste management system in Baguio City

and the need for sustainable solid waste management. This study recommends several

measures, including the construction of an engineered sanitary landfill, implementation of a

GIS-based collection system, and expansion of waste recovery facilities to enhance trash

diversion efforts and decrease related expenses. To achieve a sustainable and inclusive

environment, it is crucial to adopt sustainable solid waste management practices that align

with Baguio City's goal of fostering a sustainable and inclusive environment.

The University of the Philippines, Los Baños implement a ten-year regulation on

waste disposal management, (Palomar et. al., 2019). This study highlights the significance of

solid waste management in relation to our irresponsible practices as humans living in this

world. Therefore, it’s very crucial to recognize that solid waste management is of utmost
importance to our community as it protects us from the adverse consequences of solid waste

materials.

(Miguel, 2019) study in his article "INTENSIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL

PROTECTION: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT" shows that Philippine country has set

protocols in order to achieve proper waste operation through RA 9003, the Ecological Solid

Waste Management Program. This Act provides an overarching complete with systematic

prohibited and providing penalties approach by this it protects the environment together

public health. Also offers secretarial support from the National Solid Waste Management

Commission for plan implementation and establishes regulationss to conquer the purpose s

of the National Ecology Center. The (NEC) is responsible for announcing info and asking,

teaching, and training local government units in ecological waste management.

RESEARCH GAP

This study is important because it seeks to address the critical relationship between

solid-waste management and irresponsible practices. By analyzing individuals' trash, we can

gain insight into their adherence to solid waste management rules and engagement in other

irresponsible behaviors. This study aimed to identify, examine, and investigate various

issues that require attention. One of these is the absence of effective solid waste

management systems combined with irresponsible practices.

This research helps to comprehend the indiscriminate disposal of solid waste

management and irresponsible practices. Future scenarios should be considered to achieve

this goal. This will help us gain a deeper understanding of current issues.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 The research project titled ‘Sustainable Solid Waste Management and Irresponsible

Practices in Coastal and Marine Areas in Glan Sarangani Province’ employs an Independent

Variable and Dependent Variable model paradigm to reflect to the conceptual framework of

this study.

The independent variable investigated in this research was solid waste management,

which could significantly influence the dependent variable and encompass irresponsible

practices. Conversely, effective solid waste management is not possible if irresponsible

practices persist, particularly in coastal and marine areas, where improper disposal of

rubbish remains a prevalent issue.

This conceptual model elucidates the interconnection between "solid waste

management" and "irresponsible practices," which serve as the dependent variable within

this framework. Moreover, solid waste management can influence irresponsible practices

given that if individuals adhere to rules and regulations, irresponsible practices can be

eradicated to achieve sustainable solid waste management.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT

VARIABLE

Sustainable Solid Waste Irresponsible Practices in

Management Coastal and Marine areas.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This intended for this exploration is to determine Sustainable Solid Waste

Management and Irresponsible Practices in Coastal and Marine Areas in Glan, Sarangani

Province. Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions.

1.) What sustainable solid waste management practices are used in both the coastal

and marine areas?

2.) What factor affects solid waste management in term of:

2.1 waste management style;

2.2 Human practices; and,

2.3 Improper disposal?

3.) Is there a significant relationship between solid waste management and

respondents’ irresponsible practices?

HYPOTHESIS

Ho: There is a significant relationship between solid waste management and

irresponsible practices.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The present research focuses primarily of the solid waste management and

irresponsible practices in the coastal and marine areas of Glan Sarangani Province. The data

collection will be conducted randomly with people living near coastal and marine areas, who

will represent the population.

This study does not address issues unrelated to solid waste management and

practices that are not directly related. All the participants completed the same set of

questionnaires. The study's findings will only apply to the participants of this study and will

not be used to measure sustainable solid waste management or the irresponsible practices of

individuals outside the study population. The primary data source was the questionnaire

designed by the researcher.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research was created with the purpose of educating people of towards their

garbage. The present exploration will benefit the following:

Future researchers: This study will help future researchers broaden their

knowledge, assist, and motivate them to seek new solutions to problems that may affect

people’s lives. Furthermore, they can be used as references.

Respondents: When this research was conducted, this study will help to assist them

in becoming aware of their irresponsible practices and developing a solid waste management

style for the betterment of the place where they lived.

Garbage collector: This study will significantly benefit from the already segregated

rubbish from people in different areas. This will help make their work easier to collect

waste.
 Chapter II

METHODOLOGY

This study focused on the data evaluation and results of the study on sustainable

solid waste management and irresponsible practices in coastal and marine areas in Glan

Sarangani Province. This chapter presents a detailed evaluation of the data collected through

the survey questionnaires and interviews.

Research Design

This study followed a quantitative correlational research design on sustainable solid

waste management and irresponsible practices. A quantitative correlational research design

is a nonexperimental technique for examining the relationship between two or more

variables without changing them. The direction and intensity of the relationship between

variables can be ascertained using this design. To construct theories and make predictions,

correlational research is useful to examine intricate links in practical contexts.

 Seeram (2019) states that researchers can measure two or more variables to

determine the degree of their relationship by using a correlational study design to construct

theories and make predictions, which is useful for examining intricate links in practical

contexts. It is crucial to remember that a correlation between two variables does not

necessarily indicate a cause-and-effect relationship.

Hassan (2024) claims that correlational research enables scientists to determine

whether two variables are related, and if so, what kind of link there is and how strong it is.

These data can be helpful in detecting possible risk factors or areas that require attention as

well as in forecasting and explaining behavior.

The correlation coefficient formula is as follows:

Where:

Xi and Yi represent the individual values of variables X and Y.

Xˉ and Yˉ denote their respective means.

N represents the number of observations

Data Collection

According to the Community Based Monitoring System Survey (CBMS) for the year

2022, 1,257 people in 31 barangays in Glan, Saragani Province, will encounter flooding

more frequently. This information is relevant to our study because flooding is primarily

caused by irresponsible practices and solid waste management, which can reduce the

frequency of flooding. Several important phases in the data-gathering process are concluded
in the correlational research design study, Sustainable Solid Waste Management and

Irresponsible Practices in Coastal and Marine Areas.

Influence of questionnaire design in self-administered surveys, according to Vidal

(2019). Self-administered surveys have several advantages, including the potential for

respondent anonymity and truthful or valid responses. Additionally, respondents could

complete the questionnaire whenever it was convenient. In doing so, the possibility of

interviewer bias or inaccuracy was avoided.

As stated in the article "Self-Administered Survey: Types, Uses + [Questionnaire

Examples]" (busayo.longe, 2021). The phrase ‘self-administered’ refers to a data collection

method in which the researcher is not present at all while respondents complete the survey.

In other words, the researcher distributed the survey to participants along with guidelines on

how to complete it, and then watched for their answers. In the self-administered survey,

open-ended questions comprised most of the questions, allowing respondents to express

themselves freely without any constraints. The present study was validated by three

statisticians, who can provide accurate and ethical information about the research.

Ethical Considerations

Informed Consent: The research needs to have secure and precise information

and should first inform the respondents before providing any documents. Thus, it is also

necessary to explain everything about the ongoing procedures that can be performed.

Participants were free to voluntarily accept or deny the procedure.

Confidentiality: Respondents personal matter and information should remain

safe. Unfortunately, participants’ background and history should be kept, and any result that

may vary from the research it should retain in the process making.
 Data Protection: As per the Data Privacy Act of 2012 and other legal

restrictions, the researcher guaranteed the confidentiality of all participant data by taking

appropriate precautions. The greatest level of protection will be provided to the participants’

privacy and personal data. Additionally, the researcher pledged to protect participants'

privacy, minimize any potential dangers, and ensure that the advantages of the study

surpassed its disadvantages. Through the prioritization of ethical concepts, such as respect,

justice, and harm-benefit balancing, the researcher hopes to provide a thorough and morally

sound study that advances the field of research.

Minimize Harm: Provide support or counselling services to participants during

or after data collection, and by maintaining confidentiality and anonymity in data collection

and reporting.

Researcher Integrity: Ccarrying out research in a way that inspires confidence

and faith in the methodology and conclusions of the study in others. This has to do with the

professional ethics of researchers as well as the scientific integrity of the work that is done.

Research responsibility: When we conduct research responsibly, we guarantee

the repeatability, dependability, and credibility of our work by making choices and acting in

ways that support fundamental research ideals such as responsibility, honesty, transparency,

and fairness.

Locale of the study

 Figure 2: Locale of the study

This study was conducted in the municipality of Glan in the Sarangani Province.

This study focused on sustainable solid waste management and irresponsible practices in

coastal and marine areas.

Selection of the Respondents

The respondents of the study titled “Sustainable Solid Waste Management and

Irresponsible Practices in Coastal and Marine Areas in Glan Sarangani Province” were

randomly selected from people living near coastal and marine areas.

The basis for selecting the respondents of the study is inspired by the survey

monitoring of Community Based Monitoring System since it shows that a total of 4,268

people experience hot temperature where it is the effects of irresponsible practices of people

in Glan Sarangani Province include people who lived near in coastal and marine areas who

practice solid waste management and irresponsible practices towards their waste. The

purpose of the research is to gather related data that will help people comprehend and apply

efficient solid waste management strategies and eliminate irresponsible practices.

 Research Instruments

In this context, the researcher demonstrated how the data were gathered,

evaluated, measured, and interpreted. The researcher conducted interviews and administered

questionnaires to randomly selected participants, and the primary tool used to collect data

was a survey questionnaire. The research questionnaire used in this study was validated by

people who had a master’s degree or preferred a statistician who was able to align the paper

with proper and precise paper.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

According to the article Likert Scale: Explored and Explained (Joshi, Kale, Chandel,

& K, 2015). One of the most basic and widely used psychometric instruments in social

science and educational research is the Likert Scale. In addition, there are several

discussions and disagreements surrounding the interpretation and addition of points to the

scale at the same time. In this context, this study aims to progressively establish a construct

around the Likert scale by evaluating the existing literature and then using reasoned

scientific reasoning to the material obtained.

As stated in the title of Nemoto and Beglar (2014),’ Developing Using a Likert scale

Surveys: Likert scales are multi-category psychometric measures that enable respondents to

convey their ideas, opinions, or feelings about a particular subject. The most frequently used

surveys are Likert-scale surveys that include SLA questions. was used to investigate factors

connected to individual variations, such as motivation, anxiety, and confidence.

The following interpretation scale was used to treat the study data and determine the

levels of irresponsible practices in solid waste management.

Numerical Rating Description Interpretation

4.20 – 5.00 Strongly Agree Highly Practiced
 3.40 – 4.19 Agree Practiced
2.60 – 3.39 Neither agree nor disagree Moderately Practiced
1.0 – 2.59 Disagree Less Practiced
1.00 – 1.79 Strongly disagree Least Practiced

The measurements on the correlational scale ranged from +1 through 0 to 1. One of

the two variables, complete, can be represented as either +1 or -1. The correlation is positive

when one variable rises as the other rises and negative when one falls as the other rises.

Correlational analysis was used to determine the significant relationship between

sustainable solid waste management and irresponsible practices in coastal and marine areas

in Glan Sarangani Province. The researchers adopted the scale pattern from Sanchez (2007),

as shown below.

Range Description

±0.91 - ± 1.00 Very highly correlational, dependable relationship

± 0.71−± 0.90 High correlational, marked relationship

± 0.41−± 0.70 Fair correlation, substantial relationship

± 0.21−± 0.40 Slight correlation, definite but small relationship

± 0.10−±0.20 Low correlation, almost negligence relationship

 SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND IRRESPONSIBLE
PRACTICES IN COASTAL AND MARINE AREAS IN GLAN SARANGANI
PROVINCE

QUESTIONNAIRE

I. Introduction

Greetings of Peace!

We, Bachelor Science in Tourism Management, are conducting a thesis on the

endeavor to determine Sustainable Solid Waste Management and Irresponsible Practices in

Coastal and Marine Areas in Glan, Sarangani Province. This quantitative descriptive study

focuses on the sustainable and irresponsible practices of solid waste management of those

living in coastal and marine areas in municipality of Glan.

With this, we respectfully ask for your cooperation to answer this survey as we strive

towards our goals. Your responses to this survey will be handled with utmost discretion, as
required by the Data Privacy Act. Attached herewith is the letter to the participants signed

truly by the assistant principal, research adviser, and investigators.

II. Data Privacy Act of 2012

Republic Act No. 10173, otherwise known as the Data Privacy Act, is a law that

seeks to protect all forms of information, be it private, personal, or sensitive. It is meant to

cover both natural and juridical persons involved in the processing of personal information.

I consent to the following terms and conditions on the collection, use, processing,

and disclosure of my personal data:

1. I am aware that by filling up this form, the researchers will collect and store my

data through their online database. The researchers are responsible for the confidentiality of

my data.

2. I authorize the retrieval and use of my personal data for communication and

academic purposes of the research paper as a respondent in the study.

3. I agree to personally update these data as needed through the contacts provided by

the researchers.

4. I am aware that upon the completion of the study, all data apart from the published

paper will be deleted from all databases of the researchers. Should I have any queries, I may

contact the researchers with the given details.

Compliance with the Data Privacy Act of 2012

Yes, I have read and consent to all the details and I wish to proceed with the survey.

III. Respondent Personal and Contact Information

You may write N/A if you prefer to remain anonymous.

 A. Personal Information

1. Name (Ln, Fn, Mi)

_____________________________________

B. Contact Information

1. Email Address: _________________________________________

2. Contact Number/s: __________________________________________

3. Facebook Name or Facebook Link: ______________________________

4. Preferred Mode of Communication

● Email: _______________________________________

● Contact Number: _______________________________

● Facebook or Messenger: __________________________

IV. Questionnaire

General Direction: Please rate your personal understanding of the given topic using

scale below by checking (√) the box that most accurately describes your experience.

Rating Scale:

1- Strongly Agree 2 - Agree 3 - Moderately Agree 4 - Disagree 5 - Strongly

Disagree

The extent of solid waste management practices in terms of avoidance:

Garbage is made up of stuff that comes from the bathroom or kitchen—think moldy

bread, gnawed-on chicken wings, used paper towels, empty bags of potato chips and peanut

M&Ms. Trash, on the other hand, is everything else: broken furniture, old tires, boxes of
stuff collecting dust in the attic. Please refer to this definition so that you will be guided. Or

use the terms of this according to local waste management manual.

INDICATOR 1 2 3 4 5

1. I always throw my waste in proper garbage bin.

2. I always sort my waste before disposing.

3. I always avoid throwing my waste everywhere.

4. Garbage bins help me to have interest in dumping

waste in my place.

5. I will follow rules and regulation about waste

management.

6. I will adapt proper handling of waste.

7. I would agree to put signage in different areas to

help people avoid danger or problem.

8. I agree to maintain waste management in our

home.

9. I will agree to have basic penalties if I’m not

following rules and regulations.

10. I will motivate other to be more responsible when

it comes to their waste.

The extent of solid waste management practices in terms of reduction:

INDICATOR 1 2 3 4 5
 1. I will avoid using plastics to reduce waste.

2. I would agree to have a program on reducing waste

and proper disposal.

3. I will follow the different rules and regulations to

reduce waste.

4. To combat improper disposal, I need to practice

proper disposal to minimize waste.

5. Hearing awareness about reducing waste help me to

practice reduce garbage.

6. I will stop my bad behavior through my waste.

7. I prefer to use paper bag than plastics.

8. I will prefer to buy food with no plastics packaging.

9. I support community clean up drive to reduce and

maintain cleanliness of the place.

10. I believe that being responsible of waste can help

me to reduce waste.

The extent of solid waste management practices in terms of treatment or disposal:

INDICATOR 1 2 3 4 5

1. I will support proper treatment or disposal of

waste.
 2. I will dispose my waste in proper place.

3. I will segregate my waste and dispose correctly.

4. I will pick waste that are scattering in the

community and dispose in proper trash bins.

5. I have proper disposal of waste at home

6. I conduct public awareness programs to promote

proper treatment or disposal.

7. I will segregate biodegradable, non-

biodegradable, and recyclable waste.

8. I will upcycle plastic products into art projects as

a way to address waste-related issues.

9. I agree to pick waste that are scattering in the

community and dispose in proper garbage bins.

10. I agree to have proper segregation of waste at

home.

The extent of solid waste management practices in terms of reuse, reduce and

recycling:

INDICATOR 1 2 3 4 5

1. I agree to reduce my waste consumption.

2. I reuse my waste, especially plastics bags.

 3. I’m recycling my waste in our home.

4. I always reuse plastic waste after I use it.

5. Instead of buying new things, I will reuse some of

our old things in our stock room.

6. I agree to used plastics as pot for my mini garden.

7. I agree to sell scraps in junk shop to reduce waste

and earn money.

8. I agree to implement reduce, reuse and recycle in

my community.

9. I will reduce my waste at home to help my

community clean.

10. I agree to reuse solid waste as my decorations at

home.

General Direction: Please rate your personal understanding of the given topic using

scale below by checking (√) the box that most accurately describes your experience:

Rating Scale:
1- Strongly Agree 2 - Agree 3 - Moderately Agree 4 - Disagree 5 - Strongly

Disagree

The extent of irresponsible solid waste management practices in terms of waste

management style:

INDICATOR 1 2 3 4 5

1. I am disposing my waste in the landfill area.

2. I am doing composting to lessen our waste.

3. I agree in recycling waste so that can be used

again.

4. I agree to use incineration to lessen garbage.

5. I agree to dispose the waste according to its

type.

6. I am disposing my waste properly.

7. I will not throw my waste to the water.

8. I am not burning my waste instead I am

composting it.

9. I agree to encourage my neighbor to dispose

waste accordingly.

10. I agree to make good decisions towards my

waste.

The extent of irresponsible solid waste management practices in terms of human

practices:
 INDICATOR 1 2 3 4 5

1. I often throw recyclable materials in the

regular trash.

2. I don't sort my waste before disposal, leading

to mixed waste streams.

3. I rarely reuse items or participate in upcycling

efforts.

4. I burn waste openly, causing air pollution and

health hazards.

5. I contribute to plastic pollution by using single-

use plastics excessively.

6. I agree to sell scraps in junk shop to reduce

waste and earn money.

7. I throw away items that could be repaired or

donated.

8. I stop throwing waste everywhere to enhance

cleanliness.

9. I agree that government must implement strict

policy so that my community will not be polluted.

10. I agree to support the elimination of bad

practices towards my waste.

The extent of irresponsible solid waste management practices in terms of improper

disposal:
 Indicator 1 2 3 4 5

1. I am throwing my waste everywhere

2. I am neglecting to pick up waste even if I come

across it.

3. I am not taking responsibility for disposing of

my waste properly.

4. I am choosing not to segregate my waste and

am throwing it directly.

5. I am not bothering to throw my waste in its

designated place.

6. I am burning plastic waste regularly.

7. I am disregarding waste management disposal

practices.

8. I am throwing my waste, especially in water

bodies.

9. I am placing only one garbage bin in our house,

making it easy for waste to collect.

10. I am not interested in assisting my community

with proper waste disposal, which could lead to

disasters in our community.

IV - Completion of Form and Regards

Your survey is complete.

Thank you for participating in this study. We are deeply grateful for your involvement.

Should there be any queries, you may reach out to Suzie Jane M. Sardan Thesis Leader, through the

details below. Thank you and Good bless!

Suzie Jane M. Sardan

Email: suziejanesardan@gmail.com

Cellphone Number: 09385043320

Facebook link: https://m.facebook.com/suzie.sardan.7?mibextid=JRoKGi

 CERTFICATE OF INSTRUMENT VALIDATION

This is to certify that I have validated the (survey instrument or interview protocol)

of the study entitled:

Sustainable Solid Waste Management and Irresponsible Practices in Coastal
and Marine areas in Glan Sarangani Province

prepared by:
Suzie Jane M. Sardan
Shaira Lou Q. Lagare
Glassa Mae L. Salcedo

and I have found it complete and satisfactory with

respect to face and content validity.

________________________________
Name of the Validator
(Signature above printed name)

________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
Affiliation

_______________________________
Contact No.

____________________
Date
Adapted from:
Ryan Michael F. Oducado
West Visayas State University, College of Nursing
rmoducado@wvsu.edu.ph
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