CM INtern Final Colour

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018
A INTERNSHIP REPORT ON
“RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS”
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
in
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
For the academic year
2023-2024
Submitted by
CHANABASAPPA MADIKESHWAR
USN : 2SA22CSE02
Internship carried out at
GUTTEDAR CONSTRUCTION, VIJAYAPUR
Under the guidance of
Dr. Abbas Ali Dhundasi
Department of Civil Engineering

SECAB INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to VTU)
Nauraspur, Bagalkot Road, Vijayapur, Karnataka 586109
Email: secab_siet@secab.org URL: http://siet.secab.org
SECAB INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to VTU)
Nauraspur, Bagalkot Road, Vijayapur, Karnataka 586109
Email: secab_siet@secab.org URL: http://siet.secab.org
Certificate
Certified that the Internship Study Work entitled “Residential Building Construction”
done at Guttedar Construction, Vijayapur carried out by Mr.Chanabasappa
Madikeshwar USN : 2SA22CSE02 is a bonafide student of Secab Institute Of
Engineering, in partial fulfilment for the award of M.Tech in Structural Engineering of
the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the year 2023-24. It is
certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Assessment have been incorporated
in the report deposited in the departmental library. The Internship report has been
approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of 22CSEI36 Internship
prescribed for the said master degree.
Signature of the Guide Signature of the Co-ordinator

(Dr. Abbas Ali Dhundasi) (Prof. Niyaz Dafedar)
Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal

(Dr. Abbas Ali Dhundasi)
External Viva
Name of the examiners: Signature with date
Chetan Guttedar
BE Civil Eng.
Consulting Engineer
C.M.C Reg, No: BIJ/BL/10529/21-22
Bagalakot Road, Beside SBI Bank, Vajrahanuman Nagar, Vijayapur – 586128,  8296321942
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION
TO WHOME IT MAY CONCERN
This is to certify that Mr.Chanabasappa Madikeshwar USN : 2SA22CSE02 holding

#IN-05/2023 has successfully completed 6 week Internship Activity from 27th October
2023 to 8th December 2023 at our “Residential Building Construction” Projects.
This certificate is issued on the request of Mr.Chanabasappa Madikeshwar
without any liability and responsibility or any engagement on our part.
WE WISH ALL THE SUCCESS IN HIS LIFE.
Date : 11/12/2023 Place : Vijayapur

ABSTRACT
This project describes analysing and design of residential building. The proposed
residential buildings are to be constructed at Sindagi, Muddebihal, Talikot, Vijayapura
etc. The area of the proposed buildings are 1200 Sqft, 1500 Sqft, 2000 Sqft with (G+1,
G+2, G+3) etc. will be constructed framed structure. The analysis of frames to compute
the force and moment will be carried out with staad pro software. The analysis of
structures was done by using staad pro sotftware analysing as well as IS 456:2000 code of
practice for plain and reinforced cement concrete. The structural members are like slabs,
beams; columns are designed with limit state method using national building code and IS
456:2000 grade concrete and grade of steel are to be used. plans are prepared using
Autocad software & estimation using Excel software.
It also deals with the designing of septic tank and water tank. The project is to develop
independent and creative thinking fundamental theoretical knowledge we obtained during
the course of the study practical application of field.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Behind every achievement lies an unfathomable sea of gratitude to those who activated it,
without whom it would ever have come into existence. To them I lay the words of
gratitude imprinted with me.
I would like to thank our Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU) Belagavi and
My sincere thanks to Secab Institute of Engineering & Technology College for giving
this opportunity to learn lot of good things. through this internship work.
First of all we would take this opportunity to express our heartfelt gratitude to the
personality of Secab Institute of Engineering & Technology Chairman Mr. S A Punekar
and our respected Principal for providing facilities throughout this internship work.
I would like to thank our HOD & Guide Dr. Abbas Ali Dhundasi for his timely valuable
guidance and suggestions for this work. and all the civil department staff members for
giving an opportunity and the necessary facilities.
I would like to thank all who have been inspiring guides and committed caretakers and
who have given me the moral support in every situation of my internship work. This
encouragement and support by them, especially in carrying out this work motivated me to
complete this internship work.
Thanking You
Chanabasappa Madikeshwar
USN : 2SA22CSE02
TABLE OF THE CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLES PAGE

NO NO
01. ABOUT THE COMPANY/ORGANIZATION 01-03
1.1 Vision
1.2 Mission
1.3 Core Values
1.4 company Name & Address
1.5 Fields of Speciallization
02. INTRODUCTION 04-06

2.1 Aim of This Internship
2.2 Objectives of This Internship
03. DEVELOPMENT OF A PROJECT 07-21
3.1 Site Selection

3.2 Soil Investigation
3.3 Foundation Design
3.4 Superstructure Design
3.5 Project Planning and Management
3.6 Construction
3.7 Time and Progress Aspect of Project
3.8 Project Handover / Completion Aspects
3.9 Vastu Tips for Residential Building
04. ENGINEERING ETHICS 22

05. WORK OBSERVED 23-32
5.1 Line out
5.2 Footing
5.3 Brickwork
5.4 Formwork & Bar Bending for Slab
5.5 Slab Casting
5.6 Plastering
5.7 Flooring
5.8 Painting
5.9 Curing
06. GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENT 33-37
07. CONCLUSION 38
08. REFERENCES 39
09. PHOTO GALLERY 40-42
TASK PERFORMED
DAY DATE WORK OBSERVED
Day 1 27/10/2023 Introduction
Day 2 28/10/2023 Site Cleaning & Levelling Works
Day 3 29/10/2023 Site Cleaning & Levelling Works
Day 4 30/10/2023 Site Survey & Layout
Day 5 31/10/2023 Site Survey & Layout
Day 6 01/11/2023 Excavation & PPC
Day 7 02/11/2023 Excavation & PPC
Day 8 03/11/2023 Foundations
Day 9 04/11/2023 Foundations
Day 10 05/11/2023 Plinth Beam
Day 11 06/11/2023 Plinth Beam
Day 12 07/11/2023 Back Filling
Day 13 08/11/2023 Super Structure
Day 14 09/11/2023 Masonry Work
Day 15 10/11/2023 Masonry Work & Curing Process
Day 16 11/11/2023 Lintel Works
Day 17 12/11/2023 Electrical & Plumbing Works
Day 18 13/11/2023 Door Window Frame Fixings
Day 19 14/11/2023 Intrenal Plaster Works
Day 20 15/11/2023 Parapet & Front Elevation Works
Day 21 16/11/2023 External Plaster work
Day 22 17/11/2023 Roof Water Proofing & Finishing
Day 23 18/11/2023 Floor Finishing & Tiles work

Day 24 19/11/2023 Compoud work
Day 25 20/11/2023 Staircase Concrete
Day 26 21/11/2023 Slab Steel Reinforcement work
Day 27 22/11/2023 Slab Concrete Pouring & Curing Process
Day 28 23/11/2023 Column Ties, Spacing & Centering
Day 29 24/11/2023 Column Concrete Pouring
Day 30 25/11/2023 Front Tiles Work With Chemicals Applied
Day 31 26/11/2023 Door Fittings & Window Fittings
Day 32 27/11/2023 Some Granite Flooring Woks & Costs
Day 33 28/11/2023 Building Plans Work using Autocad In Office
Day 34 29/11/2023 Building Plans Work using Autocad In Office
Day 35 30/11/2023 Estimation work using Excel
Day 36 01/12/2023 Estimation work using Excel
Day 37 02/12/2023 Preparing Building Plan & Blueprints
Day 38 03/12/2023 Construction Agreement & Engineering Ethics
Day 39 04/12/2023 Known About Building Permission & Approvals
Day 40 05/12/2023 Discussed Some Construction Materials Quality
Day 41 06/12/2023 Final Observation
Day 42 07/12/2023 Final Observation & Sendoff

INTERNSHIP ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
CHAPTER-1
ABOUT THE COMPANY/ORGANIZATION
Guttedar Construction, Vijayapur. a reputation for responsive, innovative, yet practical

design approaches for architectural and engineering problems in construction. Through
their dedication and around 5 years of experience they are committed to provide with
most professional efficient and cost effective consultancy in and around
Sindagi,Muddebihal,Vijayapur. They provide consultancy and supervision for residential
and commercial buildings and also they take contract based projects of residential and
commercial buildings with professionally qualified strong workforce and supported by
construction equipment and technologically advanced work environment.
The company executes technically challenging projects with a high level of expertise and
skill, setting high standards by applying innovative construction methods and technology
to provide top-notch services to its clients. The company takes considerable care in
making its projects financially most feasible and eco-friendly to maintain the ecological
balance
1.1 Vision
1. To be technology-driven, professionally managed globally recognized icon in the
industry by fostering an environment to innovate, create & build benchmarks in
Engineering & Construction.
2. To provide quality brand services and exceed the expectations of our customers with
extraordinary emphasis on creating value whilst offering complete service reliability,
as a premier technologically driven construction enterprise.
Dept of Civil Engg. (Structural Engineering) | SIET Vijayapur, 586101. 1

1.2 Mission
1. Ensure customer focused and planned growth.
2. Diversify interests in infrastructure sector to encompass 360 degree services.
3. Optimize resource procurement, deployment and Utilization.
4. Build ethical and value-driven market leadership organizational values.
5. Surpass industry standards in quality.
6. Empower HRD and align it to match organizational values.
7. Embrace team work and professionalism as a way of life.
8. Focus on environmental friendly project & to obtain carbon credit
1.3 Core Values

1. Accountability – understands responsibilities, clearly define goals, and deliver on our
corporate promise with urgency, passion and energy.
2. Customer Focus - Perform for our customers, the highest level of quality construction
services at fair and market competitive prices.
3. Integrity – We maintain the highest levels of professionalism, honesty and fairness in
our relationships with our customers and associates.
4. Innovation – We consistently embrace new ideas and reduce total operating cost
through “Value Engineering” by assessing &improvising project time cycles
5. Encourage sub-contractors and vendors to comply to our safety and health procedures
1.4 Company Name & Address

1.5 Fields of Speciallization

The Organization offers end-to-end construction solutions to the customers. Its
capabilities are backed by their 5 years presence in the industry and their ability to bring
the best of technology and talent to the workplace. Most of their operations are
mechanised and therefore, match best standards of construction quality.
The organization specialises in general contract projects:
a) Residential Building projects

b) Institutional Building Projects
c) Commercial Building Projects
d) Industrial Building Projects

CHAPTER-2
INTRODUCTION
Building construction is an ancient human activity. It began with the purely

functional need for a controlled environment to moderate the effects of climate.
Constructed shelters were one means by which human beings were able to adapt
themselves to a wide variety of climates and become a global species.
Engineering is the professional art of applying science to the optimum conversion of the
resources of nature to benefit man. As a career-oriented applied education, Civil
Engineering Students Internship Program (CESIP) bridges the gap between theory and
practice and provides students with practical, field based, real world experiences during
this study.
The history of civil construction was began from

the period of Primitive human. From the protection
against cold. rain, heat. etc they made "cave" as
their shelter. But that was not enough. cave didn't
remained safe for long. so huts from the straws and
leaves ..... evolution goes on ... ! But for
construction evolving ... better comfo1i, got
evolved and civil still Today. we have every
comfort and facility. but we have to face the future
upcoming challenges as the shortage of land. Etc
Every Human Being has an inherent likein for
peaceful environment needed for his pleasant
living this object is achieved by having a place of living situated at the safe and
convenient location, such a place for comfortable and pleasant living requires considered
and kept in view.
• A Peaceful Environment
• Safety from all natural source & climate conditions
• General facilities for community of his residential area.

The engineer has to kept in mind the muncipal condition , building by laws, environment,
financial capacity, water supply, sewage arrangement, provision of future, aeration,
ventilation etc.in suggestion a particular type of plan to any client.
This internship provide us the following opportunities:

a) Apply theoretical knowledge in industrial application.
b) Acquire knowledge of various stages of construction and project management
c) Practice ethical and professional work culture.
d) Provide opportunity for students to work with industrial practitioners.
e) Implement Health Safety Environment (HSE) practices at workplace.
For these practical & technical skills we participated in this Internship progam
2023-24 under “Guttedar Construction” firm.
2. 1 Aim of This Internship.

To planning, analyze & design framed structure of a residential building. and The main
aim of the Industrial Training program is to produce graduates who are ready to face the
working world. The program also aims to produce the knowledgeable, skilled and
experienced graduates, demanded by employers, who are able to apply the knowledge
acquired at university to the working world. The Industrial Training program provides
opportunities for exposure to the working world, which will make graduates more aware
of the hopes and expectations that industry has of them. The program will also equip
students with real work experience. Placing students in industry also increases their
chances of employment after graduation, as there is a strong possibility that they will be
offered a job in the same place where they do their training. Apart from this, the training
experience will further solidify the on-campus learning process and activities, while also
providing students with relevant work experience

2.2 Objectives of This Internship.

1. To provide student with opportunities for practical, hands-on practitioners in the
students field of study.
2. To give students work experience while they are studying their chosen subject.
3. To expose students to the work environment, common practices, employment

opportunities and work ethics in there relevant field.
4. To inculcate soft skills relevant to the needs of employers.
5. To give students the opportunity to apply the knowledge and skills they have acquired
in a real-life work situation.

CHAPTER-3
DEVELOPMENT OF A PROJECT
3. 1 Site Selection
The following are the few factors which generally taken into account while selecting a
site
1. Location
2. Climate of region
3. Availability of raw materials for
4. Cost and time frame
5. Population of the region
The selection of a site for affordable housing should reflect the particular needs of the
population that housing development will serve. An important consideration is the
location of the property in relation to the services residents will need to access, such as
shopping, medical, schools and transportation. Location of the site may also have a
significant impact on the cost of project.
3. 2 Soil Investigation
Soil Investigation is carried out for designing a right type of foundation safely and
economically, a designer must possess sufficient information about the physical
properties and the arrangement of underlying materials. The field and laboratory
investigations required to get this essential information is known as soil exploration.
A standard soil test report contains the following features.

a) Introduction.
b) Location & level.
c) General notes on sub-soil investigation.
d) Scope of the work.
e) Field investigation.
i. Drilling & recording.

ii. Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

iii. Disturbed sample collection.
iv. Undisturbed sample collection.
v. Ground water table.
f) Laboratory test.
i. Grain size analysis.
ii. Moisture content.
iii. Direct shear test.
iv. Specific gravity test.
v. Atterburg limit test.
vi. Density test.
vii. Unconfined compression test.
viii. Consolidation test.
g) Determination of bearing capacity.
h) Determination of pile capacity.
i) Foundation recommendation.
Recommendation is made basing on the test result.
From SPT test we can find the hard soil strata. If the depth of the hard strata is low, then
shallow foundation can be used. Otherwise pile foundation is used. Type of pile such as
precast concrete or cast in situ R.C.C. Pile depth & diameter is mentioned in the
recommendation.
If the soil requires any improvement, it is also mentioned in the recommen
3. 3 Foundation Design
Design of foundations with variable conditions and variable types of foundation
structures will be different, but there are steps that are typical to every design, including:
1. Calculate loads from structure, surcharge, active & passive pressures, etc.

2. Characterize soil – hire a firm to conduct soil tests and produce a report that includes
soil material properties
3. Determine footing location and depth – shallow footings are less expensive, but the
variability of the soil from the geotechnical report will drive choices
4. Evaluate soil bearing capacity – the factor of safety is considered here
5. Determine footing size – these calculations are based on working loads and the
allowable soil pressure
6. Calculate contact pressure and check stability
7. Estimate settlements
8. Design the footing structure – design for the material based on applicable structural
design codes which may use allowable stress design.
3. 4 Superstructure Design
Designing superstructures requires considering the pressure and force they will exert on
the finished construction and balancing this to address concerns about safety and stability.
The size of the superstructure is an important factor in base design, as the base of the
structure must be able to support the entire laden weight. In building construction, there
may be concerns about structural integrity in earthquakes and high winds. During
designing Engineer should have a clear idea about the rules/codes like-BNBC, RAJUK &
local rules etc. and apply them correctly.
The superstructure is also the highly visible part of a structure. For the purpose of
determining the maximum stresses in any structure or member of a structure, the various
loads have to be taken into account such as:
• Dead load of the structure
• Live Load of the structure
• Wind Load
• Seismic Load
• Temperature effects
• Loads during construction period

Once the required calculations for the structure are done, certain checks are performed to
make sure that the structure remains durable, sound and stiff.
Periodic inspections are conducted to make sure the structure is still sound, checking for
issues like the development of rust, holes, and other issues. In Genetic Limited They
mainly rely on outsourcing for the structural design.
3. 5 Project Planning and Management

Excellence in Project Management is achieved through a structured process that includes
multiple phases:
• Initiating
• Planning
• Executing
• Monitoring and Controlling
• Closing.
The process balances the key project constraints and provides a tool for making decisions
throughout the project based on stakeholder values, performance metrics, established
procedures and project goals.
Effective project management includes strategies, tactics, and tools for managing the
design and construction delivery processes and for controlling key factors to ensure the
client receives a facility that matches their expectations and functions as it is intended to
function.
Successful project delivery requires the implementation of management systems that will
control changes in the key factors of scope, costs, schedule, and quality to maximize the
investment. This section offers guidance for the entire team to successfully and
effectively carry out a high performance building project.

There is a great deal involved in managing a construction. The main task includes:
• Dealing with suppliers and making sure materials are
ordered and delivered on time.
• Monitoring progress once work starts to make sure
everything complies with the contract and consent
documentation (including plans and specifications).
• Arranging for inspections by your own professionals,
for example, the designer or architect.
• Arranging for inspections by the building inspectors
at the end of each stage.
• Knowing when progress payments are due and
checking claims for payment.
• Negotiating with the builder and subcontractors to come back and fix any work not
completed or done properly.
• Arranging amendments to the building consent where necessary.
• Arranging the final inspection for the code compliance certificate.
3. 6 Construction
When a project is executed on the site it has to cover up a sequential order from its initial
stage to final stage. This generally includes:
1. Site mobilization
2. Drawing collection
3. Proposed area check
4. Pilling /Earth cutting
5. Pile cap /Footing
6. Column
7. Grade beam
8. Column
9. Slab & beam
10. Brick Layout
11. Lintel & false slab
12. Grill fitting & door floor fitting
13. Grove cutting for electrical wire
14. Inside & outside plaster
15. Sanitary work
16. Electrical wearing
17. Tiles
18. Paint

19. Fitting Works

During our visit we observed many steps of this project execution on ground.
1. Pre-Construction Phase
2. Site Mobilization: It is the preliminary stage of a construction project. This includes:

• Gas connection
• Water connection
• Labor facility
• Storage facility
3. Foundation: In general there are these types of foundations:

• Isolated Footing
• Combined footing
• Raft
• Pile
4. Basement: If there is basement floor in the plan. Then in addition the following
structure is taken consideration.
• Shore pile/Sheet pile
• Earth excavation
• Bracing fitting
• Retaining Wall
Figure 1 : Shore pile Figure 2: Sheet pile
Figure3: Steel Bracing Figure 4: Retaining Wall

PL Height Setting: In general PL height is measured by considering the main road level
as the datum.PL is set 2’-3’ above the datum. High flood level is rarely taken
consideration during this task.
Water Tank: There are two water tanks in every project. One is underground & other is
overhead. We arbitrarily calculated capacity of some of the water tank. According to
their design the water tank has a capacity of 22,167 litres. They have calculated assuming
6 members per flat with 45 gallon/day consumption for each. They multiply the total
consumption amount with around 2.5 for some uncertainty in water consumption. As
there are 8 flats.
The total water consumption = (8*6*45*4.55) litre /day = 9828 litre /day
= 9828*2.5 litre /day
= 24570 litres/day (This is not satisfactory)
Septic Tank: The design of septic tank is generally done for that project only where there
is no connection with the central sewerage pipe. Area like Basundhara Mirpur DOHS
there are aseptic tank for every project but in Gulshan the waste is directly connected to
the sewerage line.
Site Material Quality:

Shuttering material: There are various types of shuttering materials used during the
construction process having their own advantages & disadvantages.
➢ Bamboo & wood-

• Most common
• Not durable
• Low cost
• Easily available
➢ Steel probe-
• Costly
• Longevity
• Efficient working
➢ Multipurpose shuttering-
• Multitask
• Can be used both vertically & horizontally

Figure 5: Steel Props Figure 6: Bamboo & wood shuttering
Figure 7: Multipurpose shuttering
Cement: Cements are brought to the site according to the demand. It is kept in a dry
place. The maximum age of the cement in the site is generally 1-2 week. They always try
to use the fresh cement.
Storage Facility: Storage facility in construction is not that much good. Because of the
scarcity of open land sometimes it appears to be very difficult to store the materials. This
problem generally arises during the initial stage. Again in some places like- Basundhara
there are certain rules which hampers the good storage facility.
Availability of Construction Tools: For tools supply the company fully depend on the
contractor. It is their liability to supply the tools on demand.

During Construction
Concrete Work: In most of the project concreting is done by ready mix concrete. If any
difficulties arose on conveying ready mix concrete then only the hand mix procedure is
done. Especially in Basundhara there are restrictions on trucks. Slump test is rarely done
on the site. Cylinder blocks are prepared during casting & tested on labs.
For concrete lifting on higher places rope hoist is set up.
Figure 8: Rope hoist for lifting concrete Figure 9: Preparation of cement mortar
Maintaining Clear Cover: Clear cover is generally maintained by rectangular block are
used in slab & beam and a triangular type block is used in column.
Figure 10: Rectangular block Figure 11: Triangular Block

Reinforcement Detailing: Placing the reinforcement is done according to the design. All
the specifications are given in the design. The following faults are generally found:
• Incorrect spacing
• Position of the hook
• Position of the lapping
Figure 12: Incorrect spacing
Figure 13: Incorrect positioning of hook Figure 14: Standard placement of hook

Column Construction: After setting up the reinforcement and shuttering column is

casted. A column has an initial portion named as “kicker”. This portion is generally 6-
9inch.It has following causes:
➢ make the column centered as per the grid line
➢ Maintaining straight alignment
Columns are generally constructed in two phase. Now a days using of steel shuttering in
column casting has been increased for its structural importance. Some admixtures are
used as plasticizer in column construction.
Slab & Beam Construction: Slab & beam are constructed monolithically.
Water tank & septic tank construction: While constructing water/septic tank a special
type of admixture named as “foam loop” is used to make the structure water proof.
Utility & Others:
Electric Features: In every project there is substation & generator facility. A HT line is
connected from PDB 440volt to the main electric supply line then LT line distribute then
to MDB & SDB.in main distribution board 4-10 rm, sub distribution board 2.5 rm, switch
board 1.5 rm cable is used.
Plumbing Features: Plumbing features are installed & checked in every point by
applying water pressure. Most of the pipes are made of plastic. The gases lines are
installed though in most of the project have not the gas connection yet.
Figure 15: Electrical wires in switch board Figure 16: Main panel board

Paint: The painting process they followed is as such:

a) The plastered surface is first rubbed by stone. Then by grinding paper.
b) Then the sealer is applied or a mixture of 1 begs chalk powder+1 gallon enamel+1/2
liter plastic paint is applied.
c) Then the paint is applied.
They have used distemper for inner wall & Weather coat for outer wall of Three coats.
Tiles: Tiles generally used –

➢ Homogeneous/mirror polish tiles for floor
➢ Ceramic tiles on the outer wall
Some tiles making sounds indicate void space beneath the tiles. These types of tiles
should be removed & replaced. But in general they don’t replace it.
Administration & Safety:

• According to the company’s law they always hang on a placard in a place which can
be seen easily, in which safety measures are written. It is company’s rules to make the
labor aware about the safety by the concerned site supervisor/engineer in every
Tuesday. But rather doing this on the fixed day they choose a favorable time in the
week & remind the safety measures to the labor.
• It is found that though the labor knows about the safety measure, they don’t follow
them strictly all the time.
• There is no progress chart /work dairy in any construction site.
3.7 Time and Progress Aspect of Project

Progress Control of your project is arguably the most important project management
control activity needed to achieve the project’s objectives. In its most basic form,
Progress Control is associated with the managed completion of all activities required to
successfully implement your project and to realize the benefits expected of it.
Only when you have completed all the necessary planned activities will you truly
complete your project.
Everything else stems from completing activities:
• Time - by completing activities within the planned time, the overall completion date
of the project will be met.

• Money - by completing activities within the planned time helps assure associated
areas of the cost budget are not exceeded. Only when an activity has been completed
fully can you draw a line under its actual cost, with certainty.
• Risk - only when an activity is fully completed can any risks associated with its
implementation be considered fully mitigated.
• Resources - only when an activity has been fully completed, can its resources be
efficiently reassigned to subsequent scheduled tasks.
3.8 Project Handover / Completion Aspects

Upon completion of construction works, a seller or contractor usually wishes to swiftly
hand-over the completed property to its buyer and thereby trigger further payment
obligations of the buyer. At the same time, a buyer may wish to thoroughly verify that all
works have been performed and completed as agreed and a good quality product free of
defects and faulty work constructed which may take some time. In order to address these
conflicting interests, both parties agree on proper written hand-over procedures which can
be described under carefully drafted sale and purchase or construction agreements
Following are list of items builder handover apartment owners during handover of
apartment and its amenities.
• Copy of Building plan and approval plan: All building plans need to be approved
by the local authority (i.e. RAJUK). The company has to handover copy of building
plan and approval plan to the owner to prove the apartment and all its amenities are
constructed as per plan approved by concerned authority.
• Transfer utility connection: Company transfer utility connection to the owner during
handover of apartment and its amenities. I
• Handover of documents: Handover of documents such as original registration

documents, parental documents, drawings, concerned authority approvals etc.

3.9 Some Va`stu Tips for Residential Building
The science of Vastu adds value to one’s life and brings in peace and prosperity.
Behind every Vastu tip is a deep scientific reason and hence it becomes more
plausible to follow.
1. Puja room is a must in every house. And we all know that North East is the
most auspicious direction. But the constant confusion about whether you
should face the divine direction or the idols should be facing towards it remain
as it is. Here’s the solution – one must face towards the North-East direction
while doing prayers.
2. To attract good luck, you must light a lamp every day in the evening near the
water pot in the house.
3. Water fountain or paintings depicting water should be placed in the North or

East direction. This will attract success, wealth and
prosperity to your life.
4. If you have a beam running inside the

room wall, take care that the bed
should not be placed under the
beam. This arrangement is bad for
health.
5. There should not be five corners in the ceiling of a

room. If your room is constructed that way, then you
can put bamboo flutes or small pyramids to curb its negative effects.
6. The north-east direction of the house should be kept closed. Keep the space
more open and light. To store heavy items, south or south west is the ideal
direction
7. Toilet is a highly-debated area of the house as far as Vastu is concerned. The

seat of the toilet should face North-South and should be closed when not in use.
8. Almirahs and beds should be set very close to the South-West wall and at a
little distance from the North-East wall.

9. While drinking water, keep your face towards North-East or east direction. This
is a great Vastu tip for good health.
10. Dining room should have a big mirror on the north or north-east wall which
attracts wealth and prosperity.
11. In the south-west Corner of the house one should sleep pointing his head
towards south.
12. Pictures or photos depicting violence in any form should not be placed in the
residence or place of business. Violence attracts negativity and you surely do
not want that in your growth and family.
13. Place a red lamp or install a red light in south for fame and success.
14. South-west direction should have pictures of couple or family to improve love,
bonding and relationships.
15. Children should face in the north direction while studying to get success in
examination.
16. Bachelors who want to get married should stay in the rooms situated at the
north-west direction of their house or keep peony flowers in south -west
direction in the drawing room.
17. Cash should be kept in the drawers made in the north and a mirror should be
installed inside the drawer to double your good luck.
18. Wind-chimes with crystals should be placed on bedroom windows to minimize

fights at home and problems between the members of the household.
19. Always make sure to keep the center of home a free area for the free flow of
energies. This is important for positivity in the house and for health and
prosperity.
20. Main door is an important element in Vastu. All the doors especially the main
door should open inside so that the energy remain inside. Also, do take care
that the hinges of doors should not make noise. Grease them periodically to
keep them noise-free.

CHAPTER-4
ENGINEERING ETHICS
Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor and dignity of the engineering
profession by
1. Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare and the
environment;
2. Being honest and impartial and serving with fidelity the public, their employers and
clients;
3. Striving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering profession; and
4. Supporting the professional and technical societies of their disciplines.
Engineers should follow the following code of ethics:

1. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public and shall
strive to comply with the principles of sustainable development in the performance of
their professional duties.
2. Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence.
3. Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
4. Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful
agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest.
5. Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and
shall not compete unfairly with others.
6. Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honor, integrity,
and dignity of the engineering profession.
7. Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers, and
shall provide opportunities for the professional development of those engineers under
their supervision

CHAPTER-5
WORK OBSERVED
I have carried out the internship in supervising residential building constructions in

Vijayapur from October 27th, 2023, to December 8th, 2023. What was the most
interesting part of your experience during this internship
Observed Building Plans
East Facing House


East Facing House


5.1 Line out

1. Before start with excavation work of
a building the centre line and
foundation marks should be marked
on the ground as per layout plan this
process is known as setting out or
layout marking. Which involves
drawing the pegs and constructing
the pillars.
2. First base line will be marked or any

pre constructed wall or drainage line
is chosen and perpendicular line is
set by 3, 4, 5 method. And markings
will be made by calculating ordinates from base line and marked by a line powder.
The markings are generally made for the column footings for framed structures or
walls in case of load bearing structures.
5.2 Footing
Footings should be carried below
1. The frost line
2. Zones of high volume change due to
moisture fluctuations
3. Topsoil or organic material
4. Peat and muck
5. Unconsolidated material such as
abandoned (or closed) garbage
dumps and similar filled in areas.
Spacing with respect to exist structures

• When footings are to be placed adjacent to an existing structure, the line from the base
of the new footing to the bottom edge of the existing footing should be 45° or less
with the horizontal plane.
• From this requirement it follows that the distance should be greater than the
difference in elevation of the two footings. Spacing with respect to exist structures

5.3 Brickwork
1. The brick to be used should
confirm with requirements of
specification of the work.
2. The brick should be saturated with

water so as to prevent absorption
of moisture from the moisture
from the mortar. This is
effectively done by providing a
tank at the site of work and
immersing the bricks for period of
at least 2 hours before the brick
are actually placed in position.
3. The brick should be properly laid on their beds. The mortar should completely
cover the bed as well and the side of brick should lay with frog uppermost.
4. The brick work should be carried out in proper bond.
5. The brick work should comply with the requirements of the specifications for
the work.
6. The mortar to be used for the brick work should be of quality and of proportion
as specified.
7. The brick work should be raised uniformly.
8. The brickbats should not be used except as closers.
9. The brickwork should be carried out as per line and level.
10. After construction, the brick work should be well watered for a period of about
2 to 3 weeks.

5.4 Formwork & Bar Bending for Slab

The formwork for floor should be designed for the weight of concrete plus some
additional load to extent of about 30% to provide for labour, storage of material and
equipments.
1. Diameter of bar used in reinforcement should be as per design drawing. Placing of
bars should as per design drawings
2. Proper clear cover should be provided as specified. Care is taken that bars should not
misplace while working.
5.5 Slab Casting: ( points to be considered while casting rcc slab)

1. The concrete should be transported in such
way that there is no segregation of
aggregates.
2. Under no circumstances, the water should

be added to the concrete during its passage
from mixer to the formwork.
3. The formwork or the surface which is to

receive fresh concrete, should be properly
cleaned, prepared and well watered.
4. It is desirable to deposit concrete as near as

practicable to it final position.
5. The concrete should be dropped vertically

from a reasonable height. If concrete is
poured from vertical height exceeding
1.50m, it results into segregation of the aggregates and increase in the cost of
formwork.
6. As far as possible the concrete should be placed in single thickness. In case of deep
sections, the concrete should be placed in successive horizontal layers and proper care
should be taken to develop enough bond between successive layers.
7. he concrete should be thoroughly worked around the reinforcement and tapped in

such a way that no honeycombed surface appears on removal of the formwork.
8. The concrete should be placed on the formwork as soon as possible.
9. The placing of concrete should be carried out uninterrupted between predetermined

construction joints.

5.6 Plastering
1. The surface is cleaned and well watered.
2. If it is found that the surface to be plastered is very rough and uneven, a preliminary
coat is applied to fill up the hollow before the first coat of plaster.
3. If the surface to be plastered is damp or leakage of water is found then dry cement
powder I applied so that water is absorbed from the surface.
4. The surface should be properly finished and second coat is applied after about 6
hours.
5. The completed work is allowed to rest for 24 hours and then, the surface is kept well
watered for at least one week.
5.7 Flooring
1. For fixing tiles using sand and cement, follow
the instructions given below: Use cement and
sand mortar in the ratio of 1:3. Add some water
to create consistent paste. Do not use neat
cement for fixing tiles
2. Once the mixing has been completed, do not

add more water and use the mixture within one
hour.
3. Soak the tiles in clean water at least 30 minutes

before fixing.
4. Remove the tiles from the water and allow

them to drain to ensure that there is no film of
water on the tile surface.
5. Apply a 15-20 mm layer of bedding material evenly spread over an area of 1 square
meter at a time on the surface of the area. Apply fine slurry to the back of the tile to

ensure proper and full bedding. Press gently for even adherence at the back of the tile.
Do not use iron hammer, always use wooden hammer to press the tile.
5.8 Painting
1. Wall care is applied on the plastered interior surface for smooth surface. Wall care is
applied in 3 coats, it provide good finishing surface for painting
2. There will be considerable amount

of moisture in newly constructed
wall with cement plaster. It is
necessary to allow the moisture
content to escape. The actual time
required for drying of wall surface
will depend on atmospheric
condition and ventilation.
3. The cement plaster is alkaline in

nature because lime is liberated
during the hydration of cement.
Hence the oil based paints and
distempers are liable for alkali
attack, especially in presence of moisture.
4. The defect in cement in cement plastered surfaces develops due to various reasons.
Such defects should be removed and the surface should be prepared to receive the
paint.
5. The spots showing efflorescence should be brushed off and the surface should be
watched for few days.
6. If there are chances for discolorations of the painted surface, it is necessary to clean
the surface and to sterilize.

5.9 Curing
1. Concrete typically takes 24 to 48 hours to dry enough for you to walk or drive on it.
However, concrete drying is a continuous and fluid event, and usually reaches its full
effective strength after about 28 days.
2. After plastering: When the plastering is complete for the brick wall, it is advised to
cure the wall for 7 days and keep the cement wet for total 15 days. It will help to
improve the strength of the concrete and will eliminate any chances of cracks and
shrinkage.
3. In case you are using cement sand mortar, you should cure the brick wall for at least 7
days. And, if the brick wall is constructed with the help of rich mortar with the ratio
of 1:4 then it is best to cure the wall for at least 10 days.

CHAPTER-6
GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENT
6.1 General
This part sets out the standard space requirements of various parts of a building and
those of light and ventilation. Some of these items depend on the number of persons
who would normally occupy the building, for which the occupant load should be
worked out from table hereunder:
Table 6.1 Occupant Load

Sl. Occupant Load per 100 sq
No. Type of Occupancy m. of Plinth or Covered
Area
1 Residential 8.0
2 Educational 25.0
3 Institutional 6.60
4 Assembly
(a) with fixed or loose seats and dance floor 166.6
(b) without seating facilities including 66.6
dining rooms
5 Mercantile
(a) street floor and sales basement 33.3
(b) upper sale floor 16.6
6 Business and industrial 10.0
7 Storage 3.3
8 Hazardous 10.0
The occupant load in dormitory portions of homes for the aged, orphanages or mental
hospitals etc. where sleeping accommodation is provided shall be calculated at not less
than 13.3 persons per 100 sq.m.
The plinth or covered area shall include, in addition to the main assembly room or
space, any occupied connecting room or space in the same storey or in the storeys above
or below where entrance is common to such rooms and space and the area available for
use by the occupants of the assembly place. No deduction shall be made in the
plinth/covered area for corridors, closets and other sub- divisions; that area shall
include all space serving the particular assembly occupancy.

6.2 Space Requirement for Different Parts of Building

6.2.1 Main Building
The plinth or any part of a building or outhouse shall be so located with respect to
average road level from site so that adequate drainage of the site is assured but at a not
height less than 45 cm.
6.2.2 Interior Courtyards, Covered Parking Spaces and Garages

These shall be raised at least 15 cm. above the surrounding ground level and shall
satisfactorily drained.
6.2.3 Habitable Rooms Size and Width

The minimum size and width shall be as given in Table 4.2
Table 6.2 Minimum Size and Width of Differen Components of Residential Premises
Sl. Component of Min. requirement for plots Min. requirement for
No. Building upto 50 sq m. plots above 50 sq m.
Area 7.50 sq m. Area 9.50 sq m.
1 Habitable Room Width 2.10 m. Width 2.40 m.
Height 2.75 m. Height 2.75 m.
2 Kitchen Width 1.50 m. Width 1.50 m.
Area Not applicable Area 3.00 sq m.
3 Pantry Width Not applicable Width 1.40 m.
Height Not applicable Height 2.75 m.
4 Bathroom Width 1.00 m. Width 1.20 m.
5 W.C. Width 0.90 m. Height 0.90 m.
Combined Bath & W.C.
6 Width 1.00 m. Width 1.20 m.
(Toilet)
Area No restriction Area No restriction
7 Store Width No restriction Width No restriction
Permitted within the setbacks Permitted within the
8 Projections
upto 0.75 m. width setbacks upto 0.75 m. width
9 Canopy See clause 4.9.6 See clause 4.9.6
Notes
1. Provided that the minimum clear head way under any beam shall be not less than
2.4 m.
2. Maximum height permissible for all the components of the building mentioned
above is 4 m.

6.3 Group Housing

a) Building requirement in respect of dwelling units upto 45 sq.mt. in size will
correspond to Table 6.2 and as applicable to plots upto 50 sq m.
b) Building requirement in respect of dwelling units above 45 sq m. may be referred

from the Table 6.2 applicable to above 50 sq m. plot size.
c) Projection into Open Spaces without counting towards FAR.
i. All open spaces provided either in interior or exterior shall be kept free from any
erections thereon and shall open to the sky. Nothing except cornice, chhajja or
weather shade (not more than 0.75 m. wide) shall overhang or project over the said
open space so as to reduce the width to less than minimum required.
ii. One canopy per block on the ground floor not exceeding 4.5 m. in length and 2.4 m.
in width
iii. Balcony at roof slab level of 1.2 m. width and area not exceeding 3.5 sq m. per
bedroom but not exceeding 3 in number per flat.
iv. Balcony having entrance from the toilet/bathroom and width as 1.2 m. for drying
clothes.
6.4 Other General Requirements

6.4.1 Kitchen
Every room to be used as a kitchen shall have
a) Unless separately provided in a pantry, means for washing of kitchen utensils, which
shall lead directly or through a sink to a grated and trapped connection to the waste
pipe.
b) An impermeable floor
c) At least a window not less than 1 sq m. in area open directly to an interior or exterior
open space, but not into a shaft and;
d) In residential building 15 m. or more in height, refuse chutes.
6.4.2 Bathroom and W. C

Every bathroom or water closet shall
a) Be so situated that atleast one of its walls shall open to external air and shall have a
minimum opening in the form of window or ventilation to the extent of 0.37 sq m.
b) Not be directly over any room other than another latrine, washing place, bath or
terrace unless it has a watertight floor.
c) Have the platform or seat made of watertight non-absorbent material.

d) Be enclosed by walls or partitions and the surface of every such wall partition shall be
finished with a smooth impervious material to a height of not less than 1.0 m. above
the floor of such a room.
e) Be provided with an impervious floor covering, sloping towards the drain with a
suitable grade and not towards verandah or any other room.
f) No room containing water closets shall be used for any purpose except as a lavatory.
g) Every water closet and/or a set of urinals shall have flushing cistern of adequate
capacity attached to it
h) A toilet on terrace having a maximum of 2.2 mt. height shall be permitted subject to
condition that the area of toilet be counted in FAR.
i) All the sewage outlets shall be connected to the Municipal Sewerage system. Where
no such system exists, a septic tank shall be provided within the plot conforming to
the requirements.
6.4.3 Loft
Lofts shall be permitted in residential building and shops only. Area of such loft shall be
restricted to 25% of the covered area or respective floor. Minimum height between loft
and ceiling shall be 1.75 m. and the clear height below the loft shall be as stipulated in the
Building Bye-Laws for the space below it.
6.4.4 Mezzanine Floor

Mezzanine floor may be permitted with the minimum height of 2.75 m. between any two
floors above ground in all types of building provided the same is counted as part of total
permissible floor area ratio and height of the building
6.4.5 Basement
The construction of the basement shall be allowed by Authority in accordance with the
land use and other provisions specified under the Master Plan/Zonal Plan. The basement
shall have the following requirement
a) Every basement shall be in every part at least 2.5 m. in height from the floor to
underside of the roof slab or ceiling and with maximum height not more than 4.5 m.
b) Adequate ventilation shall be provided for the basement. The standard of ventilation
shall be the same as required by the particular occupancy according to Building Bye-
Laws. Any deficiency may be met by providing adequate mechanical ventilation in
the form blowers, exhaust fans (one exhaust fan for 50 sq m. basement area), air-
conditioning system, etc
c) The minimum height of the ceiling of any basement shall be 0.9 m. and maximum of
1.2 mt. above the average road level on the front side of the building.

d) Adequate arrangement shall be made such that surface drainage does not enter the
basement.
e) The walls and floors of the basement shall be watertight and be so designed that the
effect of the surrounding soil and moisture, if any, are taken into account in design
and adequate damp proofing treatment is given.
f) The access to the basement shall be either from the main or alternate staircase
providing access to the building. No direct entry from the road shall be permitted to
the basement.
6.5 Open Space, Area and Height Limitation.

CONCLUSION
Under the guidance of Mr. Rakesh.K (Site Engineer) as a mentor, we have got
opportunity to understand the technical and managerial aspect of residential housing
project.
The main aim of studies within this project was to investigate how a structure is
constructed within its desired properties. We got to know about the basic & advanced
techniques of building construction as well as saw the challenges which a civil engineer
have to face during construction i.e. labor problems, cost management, environmental
challenges etc. We cleared our many doubts regarding building construction. Overall it
must be said that the construction methods and quality control on a residential project
needs a very good coordination and large quantities of man power, equipment and funds.
During the period of 30 days all the site staff helped us a lot to provide all the information
about any query. So we are grateful to “Guttedar Construction” for giving us the
opportunity to learn and grow.
So Civil Engineering Students Internship Program will help us immensely in gathering

knowledge of project management.

REFERENCES
1. IS 456;2000 ; code of practice for Reinforced concrete Design.
2. Textbook of H.S. vishwanath, Building Planning and drawing.
3. Estimation, costing and valuation in Civil Engineering By-M.Chakraborti.
4. B.N.Krishna Raju, “Design of reinforced Concrete structures. 3rd Edition

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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018

Department of Civil Engineering

Signature of the Guide Signature of the Co-ordinator

Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal

C.M.C Reg, No: BIJ/BL/10529/21-22

TO WHOME IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that Mr.Chanabasappa Madikeshwar USN : 2SA22CSE02 holding

WE WISH ALL THE SUCCESS IN HIS LIFE.

Date : 11/12/2023 Place : Vijayapur

CHAPTER TITLES PAGE

02. INTRODUCTION 04-06

3.1 Site Selection

04. ENGINEERING ETHICS 22

DAY DATE WORK OBSERVED

Day 1 27/10/2023 Introduction

Day 2 28/10/2023 Site Cleaning & Levelling Works

Day 3 29/10/2023 Site Cleaning & Levelling Works

Day 4 30/10/2023 Site Survey & Layout

Day 5 31/10/2023 Site Survey & Layout

Day 6 01/11/2023 Excavation & PPC

Day 7 02/11/2023 Excavation & PPC

Day 8 03/11/2023 Foundations

Day 9 04/11/2023 Foundations

Day 10 05/11/2023 Plinth Beam

Day 11 06/11/2023 Plinth Beam

Day 12 07/11/2023 Back Filling

Day 13 08/11/2023 Super Structure

Day 14 09/11/2023 Masonry Work

Day 15 10/11/2023 Masonry Work & Curing Process

Day 16 11/11/2023 Lintel Works

Day 17 12/11/2023 Electrical & Plumbing Works

Day 18 13/11/2023 Door Window Frame Fixings

Day 19 14/11/2023 Intrenal Plaster Works

Day 20 15/11/2023 Parapet & Front Elevation Works

Day 21 16/11/2023 External Plaster work

Day 22 17/11/2023 Roof Water Proofing & Finishing

Day 23 18/11/2023 Floor Finishing & Tiles work

Day 25 20/11/2023 Staircase Concrete

Day 26 21/11/2023 Slab Steel Reinforcement work

Day 27 22/11/2023 Slab Concrete Pouring & Curing Process

Day 28 23/11/2023 Column Ties, Spacing & Centering

Day 29 24/11/2023 Column Concrete Pouring

Day 30 25/11/2023 Front Tiles Work With Chemicals Applied

Day 31 26/11/2023 Door Fittings & Window Fittings

Day 32 27/11/2023 Some Granite Flooring Woks & Costs

Day 33 28/11/2023 Building Plans Work using Autocad In Office

Day 34 29/11/2023 Building Plans Work using Autocad In Office

Day 35 30/11/2023 Estimation work using Excel

Day 36 01/12/2023 Estimation work using Excel

Day 37 02/12/2023 Preparing Building Plan & Blueprints

Day 38 03/12/2023 Construction Agreement & Engineering Ethics

Day 39 04/12/2023 Known About Building Permission & Approvals

Day 40 05/12/2023 Discussed Some Construction Materials Quality

Day 41 06/12/2023 Final Observation

Day 42 07/12/2023 Final Observation & Sendoff

ABOUT THE COMPANY/ORGANIZATION

Guttedar Construction, Vijayapur. a reputation for responsive, innovative, yet practical

Dept of Civil Engg. (Structural Engineering) | SIET Vijayapur, 586101. 1

1.3 Core Values

1.4 Company Name & Address

Dept of Civil Engg. (Structural Engineering) | SIET Vijayapur, 586101. 2

1.5 Fields of Speciallization

The organization specialises in general contract projects: