modelirebis meTodi ekonomikaSi

modeli da modelireba

esa Tu is Tviseba, romelic Znelad aRmosaCenia romelime sistemaSi,

procesSi an movlenaSi zogjer SedarebiT cxadad gamovlindeba sxva
sistemaSi, procesSi an movlenaSi. es garemoeba imis pirobas hqmnis, rom
Semecnebis procesSi gamoviyenoT analogiisa da modelirebis meTodebi.
zogadad, maTi arsi isaa, rom avxsnaT ucnobi, gaugebari cnobilis, gasa-
gebis, xelmisawvdomis saSualebiT.
analogiis meTodis arsi SeiZleba avxsnaT Semdeg magaliTze. vTqvaT,
raime A da B obieqtebi erTnairi a, b, c, d , e TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba. garda

amisa, A obieqtisaTvis SeimCneva raime f Tviseba. analogiis meTodis gamo-

yenebiT SeiZleba vigulisxmoT, rom B obieqtic xasiaTdeba f TvisebiT,

imis miuxedavad, rom igi uSualod SemCneuli ar aris. erTi cnobili
obieqtidan meore naklebad cnobil an ucnob obieqtze niSnebisa da Tvi-
sebebis aseTi logikuri gadatanis obieqturi safuZveli damyarebulia
imaze, rom obieqtebis Tvisebebi erTmaneTisagan izolirebulad ar war-
moiqmneba da urTierTganpirobebulobas eqvemdebareba. es safuZvels iZle-
va davuSvaT, rom, Tu dakvirvebis ori obieqti flobs erTnair TvisebaTa
garkveul erTobliobas da erTi obieqti xasiaTdeba kidev sxva raime
damatebiTi TvisebiT (TvisebebiT), maSin meore obieqtic SeiZleba flob-
des igive Tvisebas (Tvisebebs).
magram, vakeTebT ra daskvnas analogiis safuZvelze, saWiroa gavi-
TvaliswinoT, rom es daskvna absoluturad WeSmarits ar warmoadgens,
albaTur xasiaTs atarebs da TiTqmis yovelTvis damatebiT Semowmebas
saWiroebs. amitom, analogiis meTodis gamoyenebisas metad mniSvnelovania,
SeviswavloT obieqtebis ara marto msgavsi, aramed, agreTve, gansxvavebu-
li Tvisebebic, SevafasoT rogorc erTis, aseve meores mniSvnelovneba da
logikurad gaviazroT maTi SesaZlo gavlena Sesaswavli obieqtis axal,
prognozirebad Tvisebaze.
analogiis meTodTan didi msgavseba gaaCnia modelirebis meTods. es
ukanaskneli mis saxesxvaobas da Semdgom ganviTarebas warmoadgens da,
SeiZleba iTqvas, Tanamedrove mecnierebis TiTqmis yvela dargSi gansa-
kuTrebiT mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs. modelireba kvlevis specifikuri
1
meTodia, romlis drosac mocemuli obieqtis Seswavla xdeba ara
uSualod masze dakvirvebiT, aramed sxva, gamokvlevisTvis ufro xel-
misawvdomi obieqtiT – modeliT.
termini “modeli” laTinuri warmoSobisaa da aRniSnavs zomas, saxes,
wess da a.S. terminis es Sinaarsobrivi mxare dResac garkveulad
SenarCunebulia, ris ilustrirebasac modelis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli
ganmarteba iZleva: modeli aris adamianis mier Seqmnili an mza saxiT
aRebuli nebismieri bunebis (materialuri, idealuri) obieqti, romelsac
garkveul pirobebSi SeuZlia Secvalos obieqt-originali ise, rom asaxos
originalis ZiriTadi Tvisebebi, romlebic damkvirveblisaTvis (mkvleva-
risTvis) sainteresos warmoadgens.
modelis agebis, Seswavlis da gamoyenebis process modelireba ewo-
deba. radganac modeli Taviseburi instrumentia, romliTac Seiswavleba
gamosakvlevi obieqti, amitom modelireba gamodis Semecnebis meTodis
rolSi. am meTodis gamoyeneba gulisxmobs sami elementis aucilebel ar-
sebobas: mkvlevars (damkvirvebel subieqts), kvlevis obieqts (obieqt-
originals), obieqtis models, romelic damakavSirebeli rgolia subieq-
tsa da obieqts Soris. modeli gamokvlevisaTvis ufro xelmisawvdomia,
vidre originali. amasTan, modeli ganisazRvreba, erTi mxriv, originalis
struqturiTa da niSan-TvisebebiT, meore mxriv _ Semswavleli subieqtis
miznebiTa da amocanebiT.
dReisaTvis Znelia davasaxeloT mecnierebisa da praqtikis raime
sfero, romelSic modelirebas ar hqondes arsebiTi mniSvneloba. kvlevis
am meTodis farTod gamoyenebas xels uwyobs ramdenime garemoeba, romel-
Taganac aRsaniSnavia Semdegi:
_ modelSi movlena, procesi an obieqti moicema ~wminda~ saxiT, ara-
saWiro detalebisagan daumaxinjeblad. swored amis gamo, modeli orig-
inalis miaxloebiTobaa. aqve unda iTqvas, rom miaxloebis xarisxi SeiZ-
leba sxvadasxva iyos, amitom erTi da igive obieqt-originals SeiZleba
ramdenime modeli Seesabamebodes. modelTa mravalferovnebas kvlevis
miznebis mravalferovneba ganapirobebs;
_ modelis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia iseTi cdebis da eqsperimente-
bis Catareba, rac originalis mimarT dauSvebelia an miuwvdomelia rigi
obieqturi garemoebebis gamo.

2
 modelisa da modelirebis saxeebi

zogadad, modelTa klasificireba SeiZleba sxvadasxva niSnis mixed-

viT: gamoyenebis sferos, modelirebadi obieqtis xasiaTis, gamoyenebuli
maTematikuri aparatis da a. S.. aq Cven SevCerdebiT klasifikaciis
sqemaze, romelic sakmarisad srulad warmoadgens modelTa SesaZlo
saxeebs (ix. sqema 1). es sqema gviCvenebs, rom Sesaswavli procesebisa da
obieqtebis xasiaTze damokidebulebis mixedviT modelebi SeiZleba
davyoT determinirebul da stoxastikur, statikur da dinamikur, disk-
retul da uwyvet tipebad. determinirebuli modelebi asaxavs procesebs,
romlebSic SemTxveviTi zemoqmedebebi ar gaiTvaliswineba, xolo stoxas-
tikur modelebSi ki maxasiaTeblebisa da damokidebulebebis nawili
albaTuri bunebisaa; statikuri modelebi obieqtis qcevas axasiaTebs
drois romelime momentisTvis an periodisTvis, xolo dinamikuri mode-
lebi obieqtebis qcevas droze damokidebulebiT asaxavs; diskretuli
modelebi Seesabameba wyvetilad mimdinare procesebs, uwyveti modelebi
_ droSi da sivrceSi uwyvetad mimdinare procesebs.
warmodgenis formis mixedviT zemoT CamoTvlili modelebis tipebi
SeiZleba davyoT or did jufad – materialur da idealur modelebad.
Sesabamisad, arsebobs materialuri da idealuri modelireba.
materialuri modeli warmoadgens originalis materialur asaxvas.
igi gansaxierebulia xeSi, minaSi, eleqtronawilakebSi da sxva materia-
lur sagnebSi, e. i. modeli atarebs materialur xasiaTs. am SemTxvevaSi
modeli mkvlevaris mier an aigeba an SeirCeva garemomcvel samyaroSi.
kvlevis procesi gulisxmobs modelze materialur zemoqmedebas, e.i.
fizikuri eqsperimentebis Catarebas.
ganasxvaveben materialuri modelebis sam saxes: geometriuls, fizi-
kurs da analogurs. geometriuli modeli raime obieqtia, romelic ori-
ginalis geometriuli msgavsebaa. igi obieqtis Sesaxeb gare warmodegenas
iZleva da, ZiriTadad, sademonstracio miznebs emsaxureba. radganac geo-
metriuli modelebis agebisas ZiriTad rols geometriuli msgavseba
TamaSobs, bunebrivia, ekonomikaSi am modelebs SeiZleba mxolod damxmare
roli gaaCndes.

3
 modelebi

determinirebuli stoxastikuri

statikuri dinamikuri

diskretuli uwyveti

materialuri idealuri

geometri- fizikuri analogiuri formalize araformali

uli zebuli
buli

sqema 1.

fizikuri modelebi gansakuTrebiT farTod teqnikuri sistemebisa da

obieqtebis Sesaswavlad gamoiyeneba. fizikuri modelirebis aucilebeli
pirobaa originalisa da modelis fizikuri bunebisa da geometriuli
formis msgavseba. am SemTxvevaSi modeli originalisagan ZiriTadad gan-
sxvavdeba ganzomilebiT (magaliTad Semcirebuli maStabiT Sesrulebuli
TviTmfrinavis konstruqcia).
modelirebis am meTods arsebiTi nakli gaaCnia: igi arauniversalu-
ria, radganac yoveli Sesaswavli obieqtisaTvis mxolod misi Sesabamisi
modeli igeba da sxva obieqtze gadasvlisas axali modeliT unda Sei-
cvalos.
analogur models miekuTvneba iseTi teqnikuri mowyobiloba an fizi-
kuri obieqti, romelSic Sesaswavli obieqtisagan gansxvavebuli fizikuri
procesebi mimdinareobs, magram originalSi da modelSi mimdinare
procesebi erTnairi maTematikuri damokidebulebebiT aRiwereba. magali-
Tad, meqanikuri da eleqtronuli rxevebi erTnairi diferencialuri gan-
tolebebiT aRiwereba, amitom meqanikuri rxevebis meSveobiT SeiZleba
eleqtronuli rxevebis modelireba da piriqiT. analoguri modelireba
dafuZnebulia originalisa da modelis arapirdapir, irib msgavsebaze.
rodesac aseTi msgavseba maTematikurad myardeba, maSin amboben, rom
gvaqvs sagnobriv-maTematikuri modeli (Sesabamisad, sagnobriv-maTemati-
kuri modelireba). teqnikur realizaciaze damokidebulebiT arsebobs
4
eleqtronuli, meqanikuri, hidravlikuri da sxva analoguri modeli-
rebani. amaTgan yvelaze damuSavebuli da farTod gamoyenebadia eleqtro-
nuli modelireba.
rodesac obieqtis Sesaswavlad materialuri modelis Seqmna SeuZle-
belia an aramizanSewonilia, gamoiyeneba idealuri anu abstraqtuli mo-
deli. idealuri modeli gamoisaxeba raime Teoriuli aRwerilobis,
grafikebis, diagramebis, maTematikuri damokidebulebebis da a. S. saxiT.
materialuri modelirebisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic originalisa da
modelis garkveul garegnul, fizikur an maTematikur msgavsebas efuZ-
neba, idealuri modelirebis dros kavSiri obieqtsa da models Soris
azrobrivad myardeba.
idealur modelebSi gamoyofen or jgufs: formalizebul da ara-
formalizebul modelebs.
formalizebuli modelebi niSnebis an saxeebis sistemaa im wesebTan
erTad, romlebic maTi gardaqmnisa da interpretaciis xerxebs iZleva. Tu
modelis asagebad gamoiyeneba niSanTa sistema, maSin gvaqvs niSnobrivi mo-
delebi. arsebobs sxvadasxva niSnobrivi sistema _ teqnikuri naxazebi,
grafikebi, sqemebi, rukebi, formulebi da a. S. niSnobrivi modelirebis
umniSvnelovanesi saxea maTematikuri modelireba. am SemTxvevSi modeli
gamoisaxeba formulebis, grafikebis an cxrilebis saxiT, romelTa gar-
daqmna xdeba logikisa da maTematikis wesebis safuZvelze.
maTematikuri modelireba did rols TamaSobs mecnierebaSi da praq-
tikaSi. modelirebis sxva formebisagan gansxvavebiT maTematikuri mode-
lirebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia universaluroba, sizuste, debulebebis
mkacri dasabuTebuloba. amitom modelirebis meTodis evoluciis pozi-
ciidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom maTematikuri modelireba Seda-
rebiT srulyofili formaa.
maTematikuri modelirebis gamoyeneba maSin SeiZleba, roca mecniere-
ba momwifdeba ~maTematizaciisaTvis~. aseTi momwifebis pirobebia:
_ sakmarisad cxadi da Sinaarsobrivi Teoriuli koncefciebis
arseboba;
_ empiriuli bazisis arseboba, romelic Teoriis Semowmebis saSu-
alebas mogvcems, e. i. gaxdeba misi potenciuri verifikatori;
_ maCvenebelTa gazomvis adekvaturi meTodebis arseboba;

5
 _ formalizaciis maTematikuri sqemebisa da struqturebis arseboba,
romlebic adekvaturad asaxavs realur obieqtebs Soris urTierTkav-
Sirebs.
araformalizebul modelirebas SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT sxvadasxva
problemaTa iseTi analizi, roca modeli, cxadi formalizebis nacvlad,
sinamdvilis azrobrivi asaxvaa, romelic safuZvelia msjelobisa da ga-
dawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis. maSasadame, nebismieri gansja (cxadia, igu-
lisxmeba, rom individs warmodgena aqvs obieqtze, romelzec igi msje-
lobs), romelic ar iyenebs formalizebul modelebs, SeiZleba CavTva-
loT araformalizebul modelirebad, radganac am SemTxvevaSi mkvlevars
(individs) gaaCnia gamosakvlevi obieqtis garkveuli saxe, romelic SeiZ-
leba davaxasiaToT rogorc sinamdvilis araformalizebuli modeli.
ekonomikuri procesebisa da movlenebis gamokvleva didi xnis ganmavlo-
baSi mxolod aseTi araformalizebuli modelebis safuZvelze mimdinare-
obda. amJamadac araformalizebuli modelireba ekonomikuri (da ara
marto) gamokvlevis Zalze gavrcelebuli meTodia.

maTematikuri modelireba

maTematikuri modelireba modelirebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi formaa,

romelic dafuZnebulia maTematikuri modelis agebaze, gamokvlevasaA da
gamoyenebaze. ganasxvaveben maTematikuri modelirebis or ZiriTad formas
_ analitikurs da imitaciurs.
analitikuri modelirebisas modelirebadi sistema (obieqt-origi-
nali) modelSi cxadad moicema garkveuli funqcionaluri, igivuri, defi-
niciuri damokidebulebebisa da logikuri pirobebis erTobliobis saxiT.
sxvanairad, analitikuri modeli garkveuli dasrulebuli maTematikuri
konstruqciaa. zogadad, analitikuri modelSi asaxuli modelirebadi
obieqtis maxasiaTeblebi SeiZleba Semdegnairad davyoT:
_ obieqtze gare zemoqmedebaTa maxasiaTebeli sidideebis erTob-
lioba anu, rogorc sxvanairad uwodeben, Sesasvleli maxasiaTeblebis
veqtori: X = ( xi ) . unda aRiniSnos, rom X veqtoris elementTa nawili SeiZ-
leba iyos kontrolirebadi (marTvadi), nawili ki arakontrolirebadi
(aramarTvadi);

6
 _ obieqtis saZiebel anu gamosasvlel maxasiaTebelTa veqtori
Y = (y j ) ;

_ obieqtis Sinagani parametrebis erToblioba (aRvniSnoT maTi erT-

oblioba A matriciT).
Sesasvleli zemoqmedebebi X da Sinagani parametrebi, A , warmoad-
gens damoukidebel anu egzogenur maxasiaTeblebs, gamosasvleli Y
maxasiaTeblebi ki modelis safuZvelze ganisazRvreba, amitom maT
endogenuri cvladebi ewodeba.
X , Y da A maxasiaTeblebs Soris arsebuli damokidebulebis for-
mis specifikidan gamomdinare ganasxvaveben analitikuri modelebis or
tips – funqcionalur da struqturul modelebs.
funqcionaluri anu rogorc zogjer uwodeben, kibernetikuli mode-
li SedarebiT martivia da Semdegnairad gamoisaxeba:
Y = D(X ) ,
sadac D -s gardaqmnis operatori ewodeba. aseTi modelis ageba niSnavs
gardaqmnis D operatoris saxis dadgenas. igi SeiZleba iyos wrfivi an
arawrfivi. wrfiv SemTxvevaSi gardaqmnis operatori Semdeg pirobebs
akmayofilebs:
D( X 1 + X 2 ) = DX 1 + DX 2 ; D(X ) = DX ,
sadac X 1 da X 2 veqtorebia, romelTa mimarTac SeiZleba gamoviyenoT D
operatori,  - nebismieri namdvili ricxvia. rodesac D operatori
aRniSnul pirobebs ar akmayofilebs, igi arawrfivia. cxadia, wrfivi
operatoris SemTxvevaSi zemoT moyvanili funqcionaluri modeli Semdeg
saxes miiRebs:
Y = D( X ) = DX .
funqcionalurisagan gansxvavebiT struqturuli modeli iTvalis-
winebs obieqt-originalis Sinagan organizacias, rac imas niSnavs, rom
modelSi cxadi saxiT aisaxeba kavSirebi Sinagan maxasiaTeblebs, Sesas-
vlel da gamosasvlel cvladebs Soris. arsebobs struqturuli mode-
lebis ori tipi. erT maTganSi yvela ucnobi (gamosasvleli) y j cvladi

X -is mimarT cxadi funqciis saxiT gamoisaxeba:

Y = F ( A, X ) .

7
aseT models dayvanili ewodeba. modelTa meore tipSi Y -is cxadi gamo-
saxva ar xerxdeba da adgili aqvs Semdeg damokidebulebas:
 ( A, X ,Y ) = 0 .
praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT gacilebiT advili gamosayenebelia pirveli
tipis modelebi. magram mravali amocanis SemTxvevaSi Y -is cxadi gamosa-
xva ar xerxdeba, ris gamoc saWiro xdeba specialuri algoriTmebis
SemuSaveba da modelis gamokvleva ricxviTi eqsperimentebis gamoyenebiT.
davaxasiaToT axla maTematikuri modelirebis meore saxe _ imita-
ciuri modelireba. modelirebis es saxe SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc
Taviseburi eqsperimentuli meTodi. Cveulebrivi eqsperimentuli meTodi-
sagan igi imiT gansxvavdeba, rom misi gamoyenebisas gamocdas eqvemdeba-
reba ara uSualod obieqti, aramed obieqtis kompiuterze realizebuli
modeli. es niSnavs, rom gamosakvlevi obieqtis funqcionirebis process
asaxavs kompiuteri, romelSic Seyvanilia specialuri programa. am prog-
ramis Sesabamisad kompiuteri axorcielebs abstraqtuli sistemis maxasi-
aTeblebis mniSvnelobebis bijobriv gansazRvras. aRniSnul specialur
programas modelirebad programas an modelirebad algoriTms uwodeben.
obieqtis imitaciuri modeli ewodeba ara kompiuters, masSi Seyva-
nili algoriTmiT, aramed TviTon modelirebad algoriTms. es imiT aixs-
neba, rom nebismieri imitaciuri modelis ageba daiyvaneba modelirebadi
programis SemuSavebaze, xolo kompiuteri, romelSic es programa rea-
lizdeba, mocemulad iTvleba da misi Seqmna ar Sedis modelis SemuSa-
vebis amocanebis wreSi. maSasadame, imitaciuri modelirebis dros kompi-
uteri ganixileba rogorc raime damxmare mowyobiloba, romelic uzrun-
velyofs imitaciuri modelis funqcionirebas.

ekonomikur-maTematikuri modeli da modelireba

maTematikuri modelirebis gamoyenebas ekonomikaSi ewodeba ekonomi-

kur-maTematikuri modelireba. igi dafuZnebulia ekonomikur-maTematikuri
modelis agebaze, gamokvlevasa da gamoyenebaze. ekonomikur-maTematikuri
modeli aris formalur-maTematikur terminebSi da simboloebSi gamosa-
xuli ekonomikuri abstraqcia, romlis logikuri struqtura ganisazRv-
reba obieqt-originalis TvisebebiT da gamokvlevis subieqturi miznebiT.

8
ekonomikur-maTematikuri modeli, rogorc modelis erT-erTi kerZo saxe,
gamoznulia mxolod ekonomikuri movlenebisa da obieqtebis Sesaswavlad.
ekonomikur-maTematikuri modelireba rTuli procesia. igi, nebismier
SemTxvevSi, gulisxmobs Sesaswavli obieqtis konceptualuri modelis Se-
qmnas, am ukanasknelis safuZvelze maTematikuri konstruqciis, anu mode-
lis agebas, dabolos, miRebuli modelis gamokvlevasa da gamoyenebas.
davaxasiaToT TanmimdevrobiT TiToeuli etapi.
konceptualur modelSi igulisxmeba gamosakvlevi obieqtis Tviseb-
rivi aRweriloba, romelic gulisxmobs gamokvlevis miznebis Camoyali-
bebas, obieqtis funqcionirebis pirobebis dadgenas, marTvadi cvladebis
Semadgenlobis gansazRvras, amocanis araformalizebul dasmas. koncep-
tualuri modelis safuZvelze igeba obieqtis maTematikuri modeli anu
dasmuli amocanis maTematikuri formalizacia. es niSnavs, rom obieqtis
maxasiaTebeli ekonomikuri, teqnikuri, teqnologiuri da sxva pirobebi da
moTxovnebi unda gamovsaxoT konkretuli maTematikuri damokidebule-
bebiT.
ekonomikuri amocanis maTematizacia garkveuli winaaRmdegobebis ga-
dalaxvas moiTxovs. erTi mxriv, ekonomikur-maTematikuri modeli rac
SeiZleba srulad unda asaxavdes obieqt-originals, magram rac srulia
asaxva, miT rTulia modeli; meore mxriv, modeli iseTi unda iyos, rom
misi Seswavla da gamoyeneba Sromisa da drois rac SeiZleba naklebi
danaxarjebiT ganxorcieldes. amerikeli mecnieris r. belmanis xatovani
gamoTqmiT, iZulebuli varT ~wavideT pirdapiri da viwro bilikiT
gamartivebis xafangebsa da garTulebebis Waobebs Soris~.
zogad SemTxvevaSi, ekonomikur-maTematikuri modelis agebisas gaiTva-
liswineba mravalferovani damokidebulebebi, SezRudvebi da pirobebi,
romlebic ganapirobebs warmoebis, gacvlis, ganawilebis da moxmarebis
procesebs da am procesebSi individebis, adamianTa jgufebis, institu-
tebis da sxva ekonomikuri da organizaciuli warmonaqmnebis qcevasa da
funqcionirebas. es damokidebulebebi, SezRudvebi da pirobebi SeiZleba
atarebdes wminda ekonomikur, teqnologiur, organizaciul, demografi-
ul, biologiur, fsiqologiur da a.S. xasiaTs. maTi aRwerisa da for-
malizaciisaTvis gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva gantolebisa da gamosaxulebis

9
erToblioba, romelic, zogad SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba Semdeg saxeebad da-
vajgufoT.
_Ddefiniciuri gantolebebi, romelTa saSualebiTac gamovsaxavT ama
Tu im maCveneblis an movlenis arss. magaliTad, umuSevrobis done gani-
sazRvreba umuSevarTa ricxvis SefardebiT samuSao Zalis raodenobasTan
da a.S.
_ Semadgenlobis gantolebebi ekonomikur maxasiaTeblebs warmoadge-
nen maTi Semadgeneli elementebis saxiT. aseTia, magaliTad, erToblivi
moTxovnis Semadgenlobis gantoleba, romelic gviCvenebs, rom mTliani
moTxovna warmadgens Sinameurneobebis, firmebis, saxelmwifosa da saga-
reo seqtoris moTxovnaTa jams;
_ ganawilebis gantolebebi – aRwers Sedegobrivi sidideebis gana-
wilebis mimarTulebebs. Aamis klasikuri magaliTia mTliani Semosavle-
bis ganawileba moxmarebasa da danazogebze;
_ sabalanso gantolebebi – miiReba Semadgnlobisa da ganawilebis
gantolebebis gaerTianebiT;
G_ gardaqmnis funqciebi _ aRwers kavSirs obieqtze (procesze) raime
zemoqmedebasa da am zemoqmedebis Sedegs Soris, kerZo SemTxvevaSi _
kavSirs danaxarjebsa da Sedegebs Soris. tipuri magaliTia sawarmoo
funqcia;
_ qcevisa da/an gadawyvetilebis miRebis funqciebi _ aRwers sxva-
dasxva ekonomikuri subieqtis an maTi erTobliobis qcevas, romlebsac
garkveuli miznebis misaRwevad gaaCniaT Tavisufleba arCevansa da gadawy-
vetilebis miRebaSi. aseTia, magaliTad, moxmarebis funqcia, erToblivi
moTxovnisa da erToblivi miwodebis funqciebi da a.S.
maTematikuri modelebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan Taviseburebaa maTi
gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba amocanaTa farTo klasisTvis, romlebic
erTmaneTis msgavsia raodenobrivi damokidebulebebiT, Tumca ekonomikuri
SinaarsiT ki sruliad gansxvavebulia. amitom, yovel konkretul SemT-
xvevaSi, axali maTematikuri modelis ageba mizanSewonili ar aris – unda
vecadoT ukve arsebuli da kargad Seswavlili modelebis gamoyenebas.
modelirebis momdevno etapi gulisxmobs Seqmnili maTematikuri
modelis gamokvlevas. imaze damokidebulebiT ra mizans emsaxureba Seq-
mnili modeli _ wminda Teoriuli daskvnebis gakeTebas, Tu konkretuli

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ricxviTi Sedegebis miRebas – da rogoria misi konstruqciis sirTulis
xarisxi, is SeiZleba gamovikvlioT analitikuri an gamoTvliTi (anu
eqsperimentuli) meTodiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom es meTodebi erTmaneTs ar
ewinaaRmdegeba da xSirad analitikuri gamokvleviT miRebuli daskvnebis
dadasturebisaTvis damatebiT mimarTaven eqsperimentalur gaangariSebebs.
modelis analitikuri gamokvleva maSinaa saWiro, roca Sesaswavli
obieqtisaTvis aigeba metnaklebad originaluri maTematikuri konstruq-
cia. aseTi gamokvleva ZiriTadad Teoriuli daniSnulebis modelebisTvis
xorcieldeba, magram aranakleb mniSvnelovania igi gamoyenebiTi saxis
modelebisTvisac. analitikuri gamokvlevis ZiriTadi mizania modelis
zogadi Tvisebebis gamovlena, romelTaganac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelo-
vans dasmuli amocanis amonaxsnis arsebobis pirobebis dadgena da, Tu
SesaZlebelia, am amonaxsnis formulebis saxiT gamosaxva warmoadgens.
garda amisa, analizis procesSi unda gairkves iseTi sakiTxebi, rogori-
caa, magaliTad, erTaderTia Tu ara amonaxsni, ra sazRvrebSi icvleba
amonaxsnebi da rogoria maTi cvlilebis tendencia da a.S.
gamoyenebiT modelTa umralesoba saWiroebs Sesaswavli obieqtis
Sesaxeb monacemebis miRebas, gadamuSavebas da Sefasebas. ekonomikur-maTe-
matikuri modelirebis dros es yvelaze Sromatevadi da rTuli proce-
sia, romlis drosac TvalnaTliv gamovlindeba zemoqmedebis ori mimar-
Tuleba. erTi mxriv, maTematikuri modelis formirebisas orientacia
aiReba iseT faqtorebze da maCveneblebze, romelTa Sesaxeb monacemebi an
arsebobs, an advili SesaZlebelia maTi mopoveba. es garemoeba arsebiTad
ganapirobebs modelis konkretul agebulebas. meore mxriv, ekonomikur-
maTematikuri modelireba xels uwyobs axali saxis informaciis warmoq-
mnasa da miRebas. ekonomikaSi modelirebis meTodis gamoyenebis aucileb-
lobam mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi Seitana statistikuri aRricxvis praq-
tikaSi.
modelisTvis monacemebis momzadebis Semdeg logikurad dgeba imis
aucilebloba, rom SemuSavdes ekonomikur-maTematikuri amocanis amoxsnis
algoriTmi, Sedges misi Sesabamisi programa da Catardes uSualo gaanga-
riSebebi. amJamad kompiuteruli teqnikis maTematikuri uzrunvelyofa
imdenad maRalia, rom TiTqmis yvela maTematikuri amocanisTvis, romelic
ki SeiZleba gamoviyenoT ekonomikaSi, SemuSavebulia standartuli prog-

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ramebi. es garemoeba, calkeuli gamonaklisi SemTxvevis garda, aadvilebs
mravalvariantuli gaangariSebebis Catarebas da xels uwyobs ekonomikur-
maTematikuri modelebis analizSi gamoTvliTi meTodebis farTod gamo-
yenebas.
modelis gamokvlevis etapebi sruldeba miRebuli Sedegebis sizus-
tis SefasebiT, rac modelis adekvaturobis Semowmebas niSnavs. aseTi
Semowmebis aucileblobas ganapirobebs is, rom modeli obieqtis miax-
lobaa da igi obieqt-originalisaTvis damaxasiaTebel niSanTvisebebTan
erTad SeiZleba Seicavdes gansxvavebul niSnebsac. garda amisa, gamokvle-
vis procesSi unda gaviTvaliswinoT is faqtorebi da pirobebi, romle-
bic ama Tu im mizeziT ar aisaxa modelSi, magram SeiZleba mniSvnelovani
aRmoCndes saboloo gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi. unda iTqvas, rom
ekonomikur-maTematikuri modelis sizustis Sefasebis problema bolomde
gadawyvetili ar aris, Tumca SemuSavebulia calkeuli modgomebi, (gan-
sakuTrebiT, ekonometrikuli modelebisaTvis), romelTa safuძvelzec
SeiZleba konkretuli modelidan miRebuli Sedegebis statistikuri
mniSvnelovnebis Sefaseba.

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