Gravitation Solutions

Chapter 8
Gravitation
Solutions
SECTION - A
1. Answer (4)
2. Answer (3)
GMm
F 21  F12 
r2
3. Answer (1)
4. Answer (2)
GMm 1 GMm GMm
  
R 2 R r
 r  2R
 h  R  2R
 hR
5. Answer (3)
T 2  R3
3/2
24 h  7R 
  
T  3.5R 
24 h
T  6 2 h
2 2
6. Answer (4)
GMm GMm GMm
  
R 4R R  h 
4R
 Rh 
3
R
 h
3
7. Answer (2)
GMm GMm GMm

K , U and E  
2R R 2R
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2 Gravitation Solutions of Assignment
Hence E = –K and U = – 2K
8. Answer (1)
T2  r3
3/2
T1  r1 

T2  r2 
3/2
 1012 
  11   10 10
 10 
9. Answer (2)
Uintersteller  v 2  v e2   
22  1 v e
 3v e  19.4 km/s
10. Answer (1)
GM
g
R2
4
Gd  R 3
 3
R2
gR
g1 1
 
g2 2
11. Answer (1)

Angular momentum is conserved and r is minimum at point A and maximum at point C.
So, KA > KB > KC
12. Answer (4)
Total energy of bound system is negative.
13. Answer (3)
1 GMm 1 GMm
mv 02 –  mv 2 –
2 R 2 (R  h )
1 1 mgh
 mv 2  mv 02 –
2 2 h
1
R
2gh
 v  v 02 –
 h
1  R 
 
14. Answer (2)

E  Ef – Ei
 1 1   1 1 
E  GMm  –   GMm  – 
 2ri 2rf   8RE 14RE 
Solutions of Assignment Gravitation 3
 7 – 4  3GMm
 GMm  
 56RE  56RE
15. Answer (2)
L = m0vr
 r=R+h
GM
 v0 
r
GM
L  m0  (R  h )  m0 GM (R  h )
Rh
SECTION - B
1. Answer (4)
2. Answer (1)
GmM 1
–  mv e2  0
 R 2
R  2 
 
3. Answer (4)
v = r, ac = r2
4. Answer (4)
5. Answer (2)
6. Answer (2)
1  GmM GmM  GmM
mv 2   – 
2  R 2R  2R
7. Answer (1)
E = Ef – Ei
8. Answer (1)
v   v 2 – v e2 , v   2 gR
9. Answer (4)
10. Answer (1)
GM GRe
I  r 
Re3 3
11. Answer (3)
GM GM
V   
3Re Re
12. Answer (3)

13. Answer (2)
7
dU
F
dr
,   
dU  Fdr , U  Kr 2 dr
14. Answer (2)
15. Answer (1)
GmM 1 GmM
  mv 2 
4R 2 R
16. Answer (2)
17. Answer (1)
2gR  v e
18. Answer (4)

4
G R 3 
GM1 3 1 1  4 GR 
g1   1 1
R12 R12 3
4
g2  GR2 2
3
g1 R11
 g R 
2 2 2
19. Answer (4)

GMe GMm

x 2
 D – x 2
81 Mm Mm

x2  D  x 2
D–x 1

x 9
9D – 9x = x
10x = 9D
9D
 x
10
20. Answer (2)
x =1 x =2 x =4 x =8
0 m m m m
Gm Gm Gm
 v0  – – – 
1 2 4
 
 1 1   1 
= –Gm  1    = –Gm    –2Gm
 2 4   1– 1 
 2
21. Answer (2)
v = 3x + 4y + 12z
v v ˆ v ˆ
I  – iˆ – j– k
x y z

I  –3iˆ – 4 ˆj – 12kˆ
 I  9  16  144  169  13 N/kg
22. Answer (4)

23. Answer (2)
GMm GMm 1
– –  mv 2
3R 2R 2
1 GMm GMm GMm
 mv 2  – 
2 2R 3R 6R
24. Answer (3)
R 4
–
R 100
2GM 2G 4
ve    R 3 
R R 3
8G
ve  R 3 
3
 veR
v e R
 v  R
e
 ve will reduce by 4%
25. Answer (2)
Gm  m l
 m2 
l2 2
2 2Gm m CM m
  
l3 I I
2 2
2 l3
T   2
 2Gm
26. Answer (1)
T2 = kr3
T r
2 3
T r
T 3 r

T 2 r
27. Answer (3)
m M
h x L
M
Gm  dx L
L GmM  1 
  h  x  2

L – h  x 
 0
GmM  1 1  GMm
– 
L  h h  L  h  h  L 
=
28. Answer (3)

P.E. = 2T.E.
 P.E. = 2E0
K.E. = – T.E
 K.E. = – E0
29. Answer (1)
GMr1
F1  if r1 < R
R3
GMr2
F2  if r2 < R
R3
F1 r1
 F r
2 2
30. Answer (2)

31. Answer (1)
Escape speed does not depend on the angle of projection.
32. Answer (1)
3  6.67  1011  (0.1)2

Ui  
0.2
3  6.67  1011  (0.1)2

Uf  
0.4
 W = (P.E.)f – (P.E.)i
= 3 × 6.67 × 10–13 × 2.5 J
W = 5.002 ×10–12 J
33. Answer (3)
GM
2 
r3
GM
  '2 
(4r )3
2 8
  8
 '2 1
34. Answer (3)
Centripetal force
GMm 4GMm 4mg
 2
 2

(3.5R ) 49R 49
35. Answer (1)
 Fnet = 3F
GM 2
= 3
(2R )2
3GM 2
=
4R 2
36. Answer (3)
GM
v0 
R
3 GM GM GM
vc    
2 R R 2R
GM
v c  v 0 
2R
 GM 
 vc    v0 
 2R 
37. Answer (3)
g '  gE  2R cos2 

 = 30°
3 2
g '  gE  R
4
g E  g  2 R
1 2 1 2
g ' g E  R  g '  gE  R
4 4
38. Answer (4)
GMm 1 GMm
  Mv 2   0
R 2 r
1 2 GM GM
v  
2 R r
2GM 2GM
v2  
R r
 v  v e2  2v 02
39. Answer (1)

GMm GMm 1  GM 
  K.E.   m
R 3R 2  3R 
GMm GMm GMm
K.E.   
R 3R 6R
5GMm
 K.E. 
6R
40. Answer (1)
L ab

2M T
2M ab
 L
T
SECTION - C
1. Answer (3)
GMm
(P.E )A   B
R
h
GMm
(P.E )B   A
Rh
Earth
 U = (P.E)B – (P.E)A
GMm GMm GMmh

=  
Rh R (R )(R  h )
2. Answer (2)
T2  r3
T2  (RE + h)3
T12 (RE  6RE )3


T22 (RE  2.5RE )3
T12 73

T22 7
3
2
 
T12
8
T22
T1
T2 
2 2
24
T2 
2 2
T2  6 2 h
3. Answer (4)
Acceleration due to gravity at a depth d from surface of earth
 d
g   g 1   ...(1)
 R
Where g = acceleration due to gravity at earth's surface
Multiplying by mass 'm' on both sides of (1) g
R d
 d  R
mg   mg  1   d  
 R  2 g
C
 R  200
 200  1    2  100 N
 2R
4. Answer (3)
M R
h=R
GMm
Initial potential energy at earths surface is Ui 
R
Final potential energy at height h = R
GMm
Uf 
2R
As work done = Change in PE
 W = Uf – Ui
GMm gR 2 m mgR
   (∵ GM = gR2)
2R 2R 2
5. Answer (2)
B
vC
Perihelion
A C
S
Aphelion
vA
Point A is perihelion and C is aphelion.
So, vA > vB > vC
So, KA > KB > KC
6. Answer (3)
If Universal Gravitational constant becomes ten times, then G = 10G
So, acceleration due to gravity increases.
i.e., (3) is wrong option.
7. Answer (4)
Above earth surface Below earth surface
 2h   d 
g  = g 1 – R  g  = g 1 –
 e   Re 
2h d
g  = g …(1) g = g R …(2)
Re e
From (1) & (2)

d = 2h  d = 2 × 1 km
8. Answer (2)
Both the astronauts are in the condition of weightness. Gravitational force between them pulls towards each other.
9. Answer (2)
GMr
gin   gin  r
R3
GM 1
gout  2
 gout 
r r2
O R r
10. Answer (2)
GMm
Total energy = 
2r
Here, r = R + h and GM = g0R2
mg0 R 2
 E
2(R  h )
11. Answer (2)
GM GM
V  g  2
(R  h ) (R  h )
|V |
 Rh
g
7
5.4  10
 Rh
6.0
 9 × 106 = R + h
 h = (9 – 6.4) × 106 = 2.6 × 106 = 2600 km
12. Answer (3)
8
v e  2qR  R G
3
ve R  1
  =
vp Rp  2 2
13. Answer (1)

14. Answer (2)
15. Answer (3)
16. Answer (3)
17. Answer (1)
18. Answer (1)
GMm
P.E at surface of earth 
R
GM
  mR
R2
 GM 
Uin = –mgR g  R 2 
GMm
P.E at height, h = 2R 
3R
GM
  mR
3R 2
 mgR
Uf 
3
mgR
Uf – Uin = Change in P.E   mgR
3
2mgR

3
19. Answer (3)
20. Answer (3)
GM p
Acceleration due to gravity, near surface   gp
R p2
Here, Dp = 2Rp
4 GM p
 gp 
D p2
21. Answer (1)

Time period of a geostationary satellite = 24 hours.
Using Keplers third law,
T2  r3
T1, time period of geostationary satellite  (6R)3/2 thus T2  (3R)3/2
3/ 2
T 2  3R 
  
T1  6R 
1 24
 T 2  24  3/ 2   6 2 hours.
2 2 2
22. Answer (1)
 GM 
Weight on surface of earth, W = mg  m  2 
 Re 
GM
Weight at height h from surface, W   m
(R e  h ) 2
W 1 Re2
 
W 16 (Re  h )2
 Re + h = 4Re
 h = 3Re
23. Answer (4)
2GM
ve 
R
GM
vo 
R
 v e  2 vo
24. Answer (2)

F
For a thin spherical shell gravitational field for r < R is zero.
GM
For a thin spherical shell gravitational field for r > R is given by F 
r2
r
Thus, most suitable plot is
25. Answer (3)
2
P A
s
1
r1 r2
Using conservation of angular momentum at P and A,
 m1r1 = m2r2
1 r2

2 r1
26. Answer (4)
27. Answer (3)
Particle will not return back if it is thrown upwards with escape velocity,
GMm 1
 mv e2  0
R 2
2GM
 ve 
R
28. Answer (2)
GMe
v0 
r
r  radius of orbit
vA rB

vB rA
3v 1
   vB = 6v
vB 4
29. Answer (1)

a
Gravitational potential at a point situated at distance from the centre will be sum of potential due to spherical
2
shell and due to mass M at the centre,
Thus, V = V1 + V2
GM a/2
Vspherical shell   V1
a M
a
GM 2GM
Vmass M    V2
a /2 a
3GM
 Vtotal  
a
30. Answer (4)
To find out the additional kinetic energy to be provided to a satellite of mass m,
We can use conservation of mechanical energy,
K.Ei + P.Ei + K.Eadditional = K.Ef + P.Ef
1 GMm GMm 1 GMm GMm

  K.Eadditional  
2 R1 R1 2 R2 R2
GMm  1 1 
 K.Eadditional  
2  R1 R2 
31. Answer (1)
GM
ginside  r i.e., for r < R
R3
GM
g outside  i.e., for r > R
r2
The suitable graph is,
g 1

r
r2
R r
32. Answer (2)
According to Kepler's law of Areas : The line that joins any planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal
intervals of time
A
i.e is constant.
t
Area SCD = 2 × Area SAB
ASCD tSCD  t1 
Using,   
ASAB tSAB  t 2 
 t1 = 2t2
33. Answer (2)
GM e
v0  , r is the radius of the orbit.
r
Radius of orbit is same for both S1 and S2,
Thus, v01 = v02
S1 and S2 are moving with the same speed.
34. Answer (2)
Escape velocity from height, h = R from earth can be evaluated using conservation of mechanical energy,
GMm 1
 m(ve)2  0
2R 2
GM
 ve 
R
2GM
From surface of earth, v e 
R
1
 v e  v e  fv
2
1
Thus, f 
2
35. Answer (1)
4GR
g
3
4G(3R )  4GR 
g   3   3g
3  3 
36. Answer (2)
GMm
P.E 
R
GMm
K.E 
2R
K.E 1
 
P.E 2
37. Answer (3)
 8G 
v escape  R  
 3 

vP
 2
vE
vP = 2vE
38. Answer (2)
The particle won't return back if it is provided speed such that its total mechanical energy is zero or positive
for minimum speed, we take total energy zero,
GMm 1
  mv 2  0
4R 2
GM
 v
2R
39. Answer (3)
 h
Acceleration due to gravity at depth h from surface of earth, g h  g 0  1  
R
h
g  g0  g0
R
h
g  g 0  g0
R
h
 g 
g   0   g0
 R 
Comparing with equation of straight line,

y = mx + c
Slope, m is –ve
Intercept c is +ve,
Thus, most appropriate graph is
h
40. Answer (1)
GM
At altitude (h) above the earth's surface, g h 
(R  h ) 2
GM R2
 gh  
R 2
(R  h ) 2
R2
 gh  g 
(R  h ) 2
1 R2 1 R
  , 
4 (R  h ) 2 2 (R  h )
Using the +ve value,
R + h = 2R
 h =R
41. Answer (2)
Gravitational force provides the necessary centripetal force for a particle to move in the circular path.
mv 2 K  K 
  not 2 
R R  R 
K
v
m
Thus independent of R.
42. Answer (2)
Using Kepler's third law, T2  r3

3/2
T1  r1 
 
T2  r2 
T1
  103/2  10 10
T2
43. Answer (3)
Re = 6400 km, RM = 3200 km
Me
 10
MM
GMe
We  m   mge
Re2
GMM
WM  m   mgM
RM2
2
We  Me   RM 
  
WM  MM   Re 
2
200  1
 10   
WM 2
200  4
 WM   80 N
10
44. Answer (1)
The force of gravitation exerted by sun provides the necessary centripetal force = m2r
 Fg = 6 × 1024 × 4 × 10–14 × 1.5 × 1011
= 36 × 1021 N
45. Answer (1)
Gravitation force provides the necessary centripetal force,
Gm 2 mv 2 m m

(2R )2 r R R
where, r is the radius of circular path i.e R
Gm 1 Gm
 v 
4R 2 R
46. Answer (1)
GM
g
R2
4 G 4
M R 3   g  R 3 
3 R2 3
3g
Thus,  
4GR
47. Answer (2)
GM
g
R2
R2
 Mass of earth  g
G
48. Answer (4)
Using kepler's third law,
T2  r3
3/2
TA  r A 
 
TB  rB 
r 
 (8)2/3   A 
 rB 
 rA = 4rB
49. Answer (1)
2GM
ve 
R
2G(2M ) 2GM
v e  2  22.4 km/s
R /2 R
50. Answer (2)
2GM
ve 
Re
GMm 1
 mv e2  0
Re 2
2GM
 ve  , independent of the mass of sphere.
Re
51. Answer (2)
mGM
Gravitational force on body  mgs   72 N
R2
(On the surface of earth)
R mGM
Gravitational force at height, h   mg   2
2  3R 
 
 2 
mGM 4 4
 2
   72  32 N
R 9 9
52. Answer (2)
GM
ve   11.2 km/s
R
GM GM
vp  2  22.4 km/s
R /4 R
53. Answer (1)
Using conservation of mechanical energy at the surface of earth and at the height, h = R
P.Ei + K.Ei = P.Ej + K.Ej
GMm 1 GMm
 mv 2 
R 2 2R
1 GMm  1 
 mv 2     1
2 R  2 
1 GMm
mv 2 
2 2R
GM
v
R
54. Answer (3)
Potential energy of the body at earth surface
GMm

R
GM
 Rm
R2
Ui = –mgR
Potential energy of the body at height,
GMm
h = 3R 
4R
mgR
Uf 
4
Change in P.E = Uf – Ui
mgR
  mgR
4
3
 mgR
4
55. Answer (2)
Maximum height to which man jumps on A,
v2
hA 
2g A
Height to which man jumps on B,
v2
hB 
2gB
hA gB 2 1
  
hB g A hB 9
 hB = 18 m
56. Answer (2)
Gravitational force is independent of the medium between the particles, thus force will remain unchanged.
57. Answer (4)
Acceleration due to gravity on the surface of a planet,
GM
g
R2
G 4 4GR
  R 3  
R2 3 3
 Ree = Rpp
R × e = Rp × 2e
R
Rp 
2
58. Answer (3)
A ball dropped from a spacecraft revolving around the earth will have zero relative velocity with respect to the
aircraft.
But with respect to the centre of the earth its speed will be equal to the speed of the aircraft i.e the orbital
speed. Thus, it will continue to move with same speed along the original orbit and force of gravitation of earth
will provide it the necessary centripetal force.
SECTION - D
1. Answer (2)
4 3
G R 
GM 3 G 4R
g= = =
R2 R2 3
3g
 =
4 GR
2. Answer (2)
1 GMm  GMm
m(Nv e )2  = Rh
2 R
RN 2
h=
1 – N2
3. Answer (4)
GM
V0 =  8 km/s
R
4. Answer (2)
T2  r3
5. Answer (2)
     
A 1 R  R 1  1RMv L
= = Rv = =
t 2  t 2 2 M 2M
6. Answer (3)
GM 2 Mv 2 GM
2
 v =
(2R ) R 4R
7. Answer (3)
gR 2 g
g = 
r2 4
8. Answer (2)
1 GMm  GMm
mgR  = RH
2 R
H=R
9. Answer (4)
v> ve then hyperbolic escape
10. Answer (2)
2
 2  R
g    R = 0 T = 2
T  g
11. Answer (4)
mgh 3mgh
U = 
h 4
1
R
12. Answer (3)
2
v= v e n  1  v e 4  1  3v e
13. Answer (2)
F = m2r
2
 2 
krn = m   r  T2  r1 – n  T  r(1 – n)/2
T 
14. Answer (3)
GMm
KE =
2r
 GMm
PE =
r
 GMm
TE =
2r
15. Answer (2)

16. Answer (2)
R
M
 
F F
F
m m
0
 GMm  GMm
F = 2F cos  2  2
cos 45   along RO
 2L  2 L2
17. Answer (2)
v a 1– e

v p 1 e
18. Answer (2)
gR 2 R2 R
g   0.01    0.1
(R  h )2 (R  h)2 Rh
 h = 9R = 57600 km.
19. Answer (3)
20. Answer (4)
g = g – R2 cos230°
21. Answer (4)
v
x x
r
v
v x
mv 2
F 2  F 2  2FF cos 60 
r
GM 2 mv 2  x 
3 , r  
x 2 x  3
3
22. Answer (2)
GMm –1 GmM
– + Energy 
R 2 3R
23. Answer (2)
 g 
1 2  d
R  g  1– 
4   1     R
  R  
24. Answer (1)
GM 81 GM

x2 (60R  x )2
 x = 6R
25. Answer (1)
–5
mR2  R 2
26. Answer (2)
2gR
v 
R
1
R
27. Answer (4)
v i  v 2 – ve2
28. Answer (4)
–GM GM 7 GM
V – 
 3R  2R 6 R
 
 2 
29. Answer (3)
1
K.E of a planet = mv2
2
1
K.E at perigee = mvP2
2
vA
1 (–a, 0) (–ae, 0) (0, 0) (a, 0)
K.E at apogee = mvA2
2 P A
rP rA
Using conservation of angular momentum at P and A vP
 mvP rP = mvArA
vP r a (1  e )
  A 
vA rP a (1  e )
K.E P v P2  1  e  2
   
K.E A vA2  1  e 
30. Answer (1)

Time period of a communication satellite = 24 hours.
Using kepler's third law, T2  r 3
3/2
Tc  r c 
 
T x  r x 
24
  (4) 3/2
Tx
24
 Tx  3h
8
31. Answer (1)

A
Areal velocity,  L  vA
t 2m

L is the angular momentum of satellite, m is the mass of satellite,

vA1 L  3
  1   
vA2 L 2  4
32. Answer (3)

The path of a satellite moving around sun in a certain orbit is not exactly circular but elliptical with low value
of eccentricity, e. Thus only areal velocity is constant.
33. Answer (1)
A  ab  a 2 1  e2
Y
So, A  a 2
According to Keplar’s 3rd law
3 O
S x
T  a2 ae ae F
3
F1 2
 T  A4
4 a a
 A T3 r1 r2
34. Answer (4)
Weq = mg – m2R
 mg – m2R = 0
 2R = g
g

R
 Time period of rotation, i.e., duration of the day,
2 R
  2  1.41 h
 g
35. Answer (4)
Time period of a satellite revolving close to surface,
2R 2R 3/2
T  
v GM
4 2R 3
T2 
GM
4
M  R 3  d
3
4 2R 3
T2 
4
G R 3 d
3
3
G
dT 2
36. Answer (1)
Gravitational field intensity at every point inside a hollow spherical shell of uniform density is zero, because gravitational
field due to various regions of the spherical shell cancels each other completely as their vector sum is zero.
37. Answer (4)
GM
Here, g d  d  , d < R ...(1)
R3
GM
gd  , d>R ...(2)
(R  d )2
R 3
Using (1), GM 
d
R 3
gd 
d (R  d )2
38. Answer (1)
Let I denote the gravitation intensity at any point,
 v v ˆ  v ˆ 
As we know, I    iˆ  j k
 x y z 

 I (2,2,2)     iˆ  jˆ  kˆ   iˆ  ˆj  kˆ N/kg
39. Answer (4)

Weight on earth = mg = 72 N
Acceleration due to gravity at height, h = 2R will be,
gR 2 g mg
g    w   mg   8N
(R  h ) 2 9 9
40. Answer (2)

Conserving mechanical energy at earth surface and at the maximum height attained by the body,
GMm 1  GM  GMm
  m  0
R 2  R  r
GMm GMm
  
2R r
 r = 2R
 R + h = 2R
h =R
41. Answer (3)

A galaxy is a bounded system, for a bounded system or closed system like planet-sun, satellite Earth, electron-
nucleus etc. total energy and the potential energy both are negative.
42. Answer (4)
1 m
When the particle is outside the tunnel force acting on it is  where, r
r 2 R
is the distance from the centre of the earth.
1 R
When the particle is inside the tunnel force acting on it is  where, r is
r
the distance from the centre of the earth.
In both cases, force is always directed towards the centre of the earth.
Thus motion is oscillatory and also periodic but not SHM.
43. Answer (2)
Since particle C is moved without any acceleration,
 K.E = 0 m r/2 M r/2 m
 Work done by external agent + Wgravitation = 0 A B
 Work done by external agent = – Wg r r
= – (– U)
= U
= Uf – Uin
GMm GMm 2GMm

Uf    
r r r
GMm GMm 4GMm
Ui    
r /2 r /2 r
2GMm
 Work done 
r
44. Answer (1)
GMm
P.E of an object on earth surface  
R
 GM 
Magnitude of potential energy per unit mass   E
 R 
2GM
vescape   2E
R
45. Answer (4)
GMm
K.E 
2r
GMm
P.E  
r
M  mass of planet
m  mass of satellite
r   radius of orbit
When r is decreased,
Kinetic energy increases,
Potential energy decreases (becomes more negative).
46. Answer (1)
Gravitational field intensity at O is zero,
Gm 4 Gm
 2
 d r -d
d (r  d ) 2
×
m O 4m
2
(r  d )
 4 r
d2
r d
 2
d
r – d = ± 2d
r
 d , r (d = – r, not possible)
3
Taking the +ve value of d,

Calculating gravitational potential at O,
Gm 4Gm 3Gm 6Gm 9Gm

V     
r /3 2r /3 r r r
47. Answer (2)

The concept involved here is that,
Gravitational potential difference between any two points in a gravitational field is independent of the choice
of reference. When potential at the infinity is assigned zero value,
GM
Potential at the surface    Vs
R
3GM
Potential at the centre    Vc
2R
GM 3GM GM
Vs  Vc    
R 2R 2R
Now, when potential at the surface is assigned zero value,

Vs – Vc = Vs' – Vc'
GM GM
  0  Vc  Vc  
2R 2R
Here, Vs' and Vc' are the new values of potential at the sum and centre respectively.
48. Answer (3)

The concept involved here is that,
Gravitational potential energy difference between any two points in a gravitational field is independent of the
choice of reference.
When potential at infinity is assigned zero value,
GMm
Potential energy of a body of mass m on the surface of earth   Us
R
GMm
Potential energy at height, h   Un
Rh
 1 1 
U s  U h   GMm    
 R Rh
 R  h  R 
 GMm 
 R (R  h ) 
GMmh

R (R  h )
Now, when potential at the surface is taken zero, Let Us', Uh' be the new values of potential energy at the surface
and height h respectively,
And, Us – Uh = Us' – Uh'
GMmh
  0  Uh
R (R  h )
GMmh
 Uh 
R (R  h )
49. Answer (2)

Conserving mechanical energy at the surface of earth and the maximum height attained,
GMm 1 4GM GMm

 m 2
Re  0
Re 2 3R e r
P.Ei + K.Ei = P.Ef + K.Ef
GMm 2GMm GMm

  
Re 3R e r
1 GMm GMm
 
3 Re r
 r = 3Re
 Re + h = 3Re
h = 2Re
Now, let us calculate the velocity of the particle at height equal to half of the maximum height i.e at h = Re
Again using mechanical conservation of energy,
GMm 1 4 GM GMm 1
 m  Re   mv 2
Re 2 3 Re2 2R 2
1 GMm GMm 1
    mv 2
3 Re 2Re 2
GMm 1
  mv 2
6Re 2
GM  GM  Re  gRe
 v 
3Re Re2 3 3
50. Answer (2)

When the orbital speed of a satellite revolving around a planet is increased by 10%, it corresponds to the case
when v0 < v < ve .
51. Answer (3)
Angular momentum of a satellite revolving around earth in a circular orbit, L = mvr
m  mass of satellite
v  speed of satellite
r  radius of orbit
 L = mvr
GM
Also, v 
r
GM
 Lm r
r
Thus, L  r
52. Answer (1)
Force of gravitation provides the necessary centripetal force,
mv 2 GMm
  v  GM
r r
Independent of mass of satellite and radius of orbit.
v1 1
 
v2 1
53. Answer (4)
When the energy of a satellite-planet system is positive, satellite escapes away from the gravitational field of
the planet with speed greater than the escape speed.
54. Answer (3)
GM
At height 3 R, i.e at distance 4 R from the centre of the earth, Vorbital 
r
GM 1 GM
Here, r = 4 R  V0   ,
4R 2 R
1 GM
Thus, an object taken to a height 3 R if projected horizontally with speed , will start rotating around
2 R
earth in a circular orbit.


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Chapter 8

GMm GMm GMm

11. Answer (1)

14. Answer (2)

12. Answer (3)

14. Answer (2)

15. Answer (1)

17. Answer (1)

18. Answer (4)

19. Answer (4)

 I  9  16  144  169  13 N/kg

22. Answer (4)

27. Answer (3)

28. Answer (3)

30. Answer (2)

3  6.67  1011  (0.1)2

3  6.67  1011  (0.1)2

g '  gE  2R cos2 

38. Answer (4)

39. Answer (1)

40. Answer (1)

GMm GMm GMmh

T12 (RE  6RE )3

Acceleration due to gravity at a depth d from surface of earth

Multiplying by mass 'm' on both sides of (1) g

Final potential energy at height h = R

As work done = Change in PE

Point A is perihelion and C is aphelion.

So, vA > vB > vC

So, KA > KB > KC

If Universal Gravitational constant becomes ten times, then G = 10G

So, acceleration due to gravity increases.

i.e., (3) is wrong option.

From (1) & (2)

Here, r = R + h and GM = g0R2

11. Answer (2)

13. Answer (1)

21. Answer (1)

T1, time period of geostationary satellite  (6R)3/2 thus T2  (3R)3/2

23. Answer (4)

24. Answer (2)

25. Answer (3)

Using conservation of angular momentum at P and A,

27. Answer (3)

28. Answer (2)

29. Answer (1)

30. Answer (4)

To find out the additional kinetic energy to be provided to a satellite of mass m,

We can use conservation of mechanical energy,

K.Ei + P.Ei + K.Eadditional = K.Ef + P.Ef

1 GMm GMm 1 GMm GMm

31. Answer (1)

Area SCD = 2 × Area SAB

33. Answer (2)

Radius of orbit is same for both S1 and S2,

Thus, v01 = v02

S1 and S2 are moving with the same speed.

34. Answer (2)

Comparing with equation of straight line,