Name: Sania Khalil

Department: BS Botany
Roll no. 54
Topic: Internal Structure of Flower
Submitted to: Sir Shafiq
A flower is the reproductive structure of an angiosperm or flowering plant. It consists of
four main parts: the petals, the sepals, the stamen, and the pistil. Each of these parts has a
specific function in the process of pollination and fertilization, which leads to the
production of seeds.

The petals are the colorful and fragrant parts of the flower that attract pollinators, such as
bees, butterflies, and birds. The sepals are the green, leaf-like structures that protect the
flower bud before it opens. The stamen is the male reproductive organ of the flower, which
consists of an anther and a filament. The anther produces and stores pollen grains, which
contain the male gametes or sperm cells. The filament is the stalk that supports the anther
and makes the pollen accessible to the pollinators. The pistil is the female reproductive
organ of the flower, which consists of a stigma, a style, and an ovary. The stigma is the
sticky or feathery part that receives the pollen grains from the pollinators or the wind. The
style is the tube-like structure that connects the stigma and the ovary. The ovary contains
one or more ovules, which are the potential seeds. Each ovule has an egg cell, which is the
female gamete or ovum. When a pollen grain lands on the stigma, it grows a pollen tube
down the style and reaches the ovary, where it fertilizes the egg cell. This results in the
formation of a zygote, which develops into an embryo. The ovule then becomes a seed, and
the ovary becomes a fruit.

Here Is a diagram of the parts of a flower :

The internal structure of a flower, crucial for students pursuing a Bachelor’s in Botany,
involves specialized organs and tissues dedicated to reproduction. Here’s a more detailed
explanation:

1. Reproductive Organs:

- Stamen (Androecium): Male reproductive organ, composed of the anther (producing

pollen) and filament (supporting the anther).

- Pistil (Gynoecium or Carpel): Female reproductive organ, including the stigma (pollen
receptor), style (connects stigma to ovary), and ovary (contains ovules).

2. Male Reproductive Parts:

- Anther: Part of the stamen, it produces pollen grains containing male gametes (sperm).

- Filament: Supports the anther, facilitating the release of pollen.

3. Female Reproductive Parts:

- Stigma: Located at the top of the pistil, it receives and recognizes pollen for fertilization.

- Style: Connects the stigma to the ovary, providing a pathway for pollen tube growth.

- Ovary: Enlarged basal part of the pistil containing ovules, which house female gametes.

4. Additional Structures:

- Sepals (Calyx): Outermost floral parts, collectively known as the calyx, often protecting
the developing flower.

- Petals (Corolla): Colored and scented structures, collectively forming the corolla,
attracting pollinators.

- Nectaries: Glands that produce nectar, a sugary substance attracting pollinators.

5. Vascular Tissues:

- Xylem and Phloem: Vascular tissues responsible for transporting water, nutrients, and
sugars within the flower.
This detailed understanding of the internal structure is fundamental for botany students as
it lays the groundwork for comprehending plant reproductive processes and their
ecological significance.