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Drilling Interview Questions and Answers
Drilling Interview Questions and Answers
B- Plan to work.
C- Permit to work.
2- The most dangerous moment when we can get stuck is during the connection time?
B- False.
A- Permit to work.
C- LOTO, Lockout/Tagout.
5- What pressure must be kept in the annular BOP closing chamber during a stripping
operation?
A- 500psi.
B- The minimum pressure that allows the tool joint to go through the packing.
B- Re-Asses Risk/ Identify the work task/ Identify protection-measure/ Identify the
Hazard/Evaluate Risk.
8- How do you calculate the MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE MUD DENSITY in an oil well?
9- How to calculate the mud weight if you know the hydrostatic pressure and the depth?
Example: Pressure 120 ATM, depth 1000 meters how much is the mud weight?
A-2.1 Kg/L.
C- 1.2 Kg/L.
A- Pressure/Electrical.
B- Chemical/Gravitational.
B- Nuclear/Thermal.
13-
OA OB OC OD
C- Fire/Ergonomically/Biological.
A- Avoid Incident/Accident.
18- Identify which is the most important document that needs to be prepared for critical
lift?
B- Lifting Plan.
C- JSA.
19- What do you do when you see potential risks during the operation?
B- Risk Assessment.
C- JSA.
20- Explain the policies/procedures for reporting an incident resulting in personal injury,
equipment damage, a near miss, or any potential hazard?
B- Stop the job, and check there is no immediate risk of danger for anyone and then
reporting.
C- Ensure that the colleague receives the appropriate medical assistance as necessary.
21- The drilling contractor shall ensure that a master drill pipe tally book is maintained
at all times?
A- False.
B- True.
24- Generally how many muster point there's in a onshore drilling Rig?
C- Two muster point one in the entrance and one close to the fire pump.
A- False.
B- True.
26- If a standard float valve (non-return type) is installed in the string, is it possible to
reverse circulate?
A- Yes.
B - No.
C- A competent person.
A- Personnel climbing systems must have a documented inspection every six months by a
trained and experienced inspector.
B- Personnel climbing systems depending on the industry, it can range from 2 to 6 years.
30- Which of the following conditions increase surge pressures when running in(two
answers)?
31- Explain the importance to maintain complete records of mud losses in case of risk to
get stuck?
C- Both above.
33- Use of cyber base systems and safety electronic systems (SK0801016) QUESTION:
What's the meaning of red color?
A- Normal.
B- Warning.
C- Alarm.
34- Oxygen cylinders in storage shall be separated from fuel-gas cylinders or
combustible materials (especially oil or grease), a minimum distance of 20, feet (6.1 m)?
A- Yes.
B- No.
A- 7 atmospheres.
C- 70 atmospheres. (1000/14.7).
A- Yes. B- No.
37- During drilling, return flow Hi/low alarm and Pit gain/loss alarm should be set?
A- Yes. B- No.
B- T-Card System is a wall mounted Board to record the total presences at rig site.
C- T- Card System is recording the total presence at the mess at lunch time.
39- To fight a small fire involving live electrical equipment, which is the most suitable
hand-held fire extinguisher to use?
A- Dry Powder.
C- Foam.
D- Water.
40- Potential dangers while utilizing manual Drill Pipe Tongs?
C- Tripping out the drill string from the open section to check the hole condition and then
running back.
42- Identify in the below list which are the precautionary measures to avoid causing
dropped objects and to protect workers?
B- Secure all tools and materials to prevent them from falling on people below.
C- Housekeeping.
B- Toolbox talks to define tasks roles & responsibilities and identifying potential hazards.
B- 1981 stks.
C- 798 stks.
A- Lack of Oxygen.
C- Explosive atmosphere.
D- Falling Objects.
46- Why do we need to Slip and cut drilling line either if "visually" doesn't seems to be in
bad conditions?
C- As a precaution against drilling line failure due to fatigue, after a calculated limit of ton-
miles.
47- Historically, hand injuries make up nearly 50 percent of incidents on rig floor (two
answers)?
A- Cotton gloves are very good to reduce employee and contractor hand injuries.
C- The primary objective is to eliminate hand exposure to pinch points, crush zones, and
impact hazards.
D- Thermoplastic resin impact protection to the hand and full length of the fingers (pinch
point) is required.
48- Why is it important to wear personal protective equipment?
50- Select from below example which could be a potential drop object and explain why?
C- The goal is to safeguard workers from potential harm during the crucial period of
transition.
51- In case of string stuck during an heavy jarring operation is always suggested to L/D
the TDS to prevent bearing damage?
A- False. B- True.
52- Three stands of drill collars are pulled from a well (wet ) Drill collar capacity 5
liters/meter Drill collar metal displacement 20 liters/meter How many liters of drilling
mud should be pumped into the well? (Assume one stand equals 30 meters)
A- 1350 L.
B- 450 L.
C- 2250 L.
C- Is a tool that gives to everybody the authority to step in and stop ongoing work if they
feel that an action or situation is unsafe or could lead to an accident.
54- Calculate strokes required to bump the cement plug while displacing with rig pump
A- 14986.
C- 17777.
55- What is the standard exposure level of noise that are acceptable?
A- 80 db (A) / 85 db (A).
B- 70 db (A) / 80 db (A).
A- Hoisting personnel above the rig floor with a winch to perform rig maintenance.
B- Hoisting personnel below the rig floor with a winch to perform rig maintenance.
C- Hoisting personnel below or above the rig floor with a man riding a winch to perform rig
maintenance.
66- Identified in the below who could be authorized to use the utility winch Driller?
A- Floor man.
B- Roustabout.
C- Driller.
67-
68- Which of the following statements are good operating practices when drilling TOP
HOLE formations where there is a risk of shallow gas? (Two answers)
A- Maintain high rate of penetration to ensure mud viscosity level is as high as possible.
C- To be aware about all technical and HSE activity on going on the Rig Site.
70- Who is authorized to be in the work area while the explosive/radioactive tools are at
the surface?
C- Driller.
71- Explain procedures to follow when defective rigging hardware is identified while
completing a task?
C- To remove immediately from the service and segregate at the designed area.
72- In case the lifting system of the stabbing board platform doesn't work, in case of
emergency, we can use the rig floor winch (to adjust the platform height)?
A- False.
B- True.
73-
A- 8 CM.
B- 4 CM.
74- Which one of the following rams will be replaced before running casing?
C- By Management Decision.
76- Your string is solid stuck, you're asked to pull the max over pull, the drill string
operating limits is 210 Tons. How much you'll pull according to your Martin Decker
B- 210Tons.
B- A safety system.
C- The fill-up pump to the trip tank should be left running while tripping out.
79- Explain the correct action to do in case of a spill Spill (Prevention Control and
Countermeasure Plan)?
C- If you are part of the Emergency Team contain the spill by using suitable containment
material.
80-
81- What communication systems will be used between the suspended worker on man
riding and supervisor?
B- Whistle.
C- Manual Sign.
C- Execute the correct procedure of Lock Out/Tag Out to ensure that there's no "Free
Energy" on the Site.
C- Are Simultaneous Events that will never impact the safety of personnel or equipment.
84- MD: 3000 m. -VD 2500- CSG capacity 50 liters /meter- Liner 20 liters /stroke
A- 10000 strokes.
C- 6250 strokes.
C- Every month.
B- Is a Certificate which sets out the main precautions needed to perform the job safely.
87- What's true about maintenance and proper storage of BOPs rams' spare parts?
A- All BOPs rams' spare parts must be correctly stored in a clean cemented area.
B- All BOPs rams' spare parts must be correctly stored in a clean open top container.
C- All BOPs rams' spare parts must be correctly stored in a clean container
D- All BOPs rams' spare parts must be correctly stored in a clean container with an air
conditioner.
A- Block function.
A- An area that you only go into when needed (and when you are authorized), where
there's a possibility of Drop Objects.
B- It's a zone used for Emergency and Fire Extinguisher are in place.
D- It's a confined space and need a special PTW and Training to enter.
91- What should be checked before allow a lift of personnel working basket?
C- Personnel is safe connected by lanyard to provided anchor points in the working basket.
92- Often during the cold season to prevent the formation of freeze moisture on air
piping (that could cause the shutdown of Draw works) some products are used as (two
answers)?
A- Glycol.
B- Diesel.
C- Water.
D- Methanol.
E- Dry powder.
93- Maintain an adequate level of housekeeping both in work areas and living quarters
is important to?
B- Avoid Incident.
94- How can you stop and secure work or tasks in case of any unforeseen or unplanned
changes or hazards?
C- Shouting.
95- Visible Hands Are Safe Hands?
A- High-visibility palm and dorsal areas of the hands provide enhanced visibility in low light
and varied weather conditions.
96- The pit level increase when the pumps are off, but the pit level stays constant when
the pumps are running (APLs annular pressure loss are creating an overbalance that
prevents the well from flowing) the annular pressure loss is applied against the well
bore this pressure in addition to that of the hydrostatic pressure and creating
overbalance, what would be the equivalent circulating density?
A- 12.8ppg.
C- 13.1ppg.
97- A kick is shut in on a surface BOP stack. No kill rate circulation pressures are
available. What procedure should be used to determine the correct initial circulation
pressure(ICP?)?
A- When starting to kill the well, keep the choke pressure as close to the shut in casing
pressure (SICP) as possible. When the selected kill pumprate is reached. Read the drill
pipe pressure and use it as the ICP.
B- Contact the driller’s Method as the drill pipe pressure does not change during
circulation and the shut in casing pressure (SICP) can be used tomaintain constant ICP.
C- Contact the mud logger and request an estimate of the ICP to kill thewell.
D- Check the records and use the kill rate circulating pressure the driller recorded
when the
previous BHA was closest to the kick depth. Add asafety margin as a precaution.
98- A gas kick is being circulated out on a surface BOP installation using the driller
method. What happens to BHP if casing pressure is held constant while the gas is
being circulated from the BH to surface?
A- BHP decrease.
B- BHP increases.
C- BHP doesn’t change.
99- When starting a kill operation on a surface BOP installation, the choke pressure is
kept constant while bringing the pump up to speed. The drill pipe gauge now reads 200
psi higher than the calculated ICP. What is the correct action to take?
A- Allow the casing pressure to increase by 200 psi by closing the choke.
B- Continue to circulate with the new ICP and adjust the calculated drill pipe pressure
schedule.
C- Open the choke and let the standpipe pressure drop to the calculated value (ICP).
D- There will now be 200 psi over-balance on the bottom, which is acceptable. Nofurther
action is required.
100- A kill operation is ready to start using the wait and wait method,
Kill fluid is ready to be pumped, but it takes 20 bbl to fill the surface lines. What is the
correct procedure to follow?
A- Re-set the stroke counter to zero when kill fluid reaches the drill pipe.
B- No action is required; there will be no effect on the drill pipe pressure schedule.
C- Subtract the 20 bbl. (converted to pump strokes) from total strokes to bepumped.
D- Add the 20 bbl. (converted to pump strokes) to the total strokes to be pumped.
101- On surface BOP installation, the supervisor uses the wait and weight method to
circulate out a gas kick, What will happen to BHP if drill pipe pressure is kept constant
when kill fluid is being pumped to the bit? Ignore APL
A- BHP decrease. B- BHP increases. C- BHP doesn’t change.
102- A kick is shut-in with a 10000 psi rated annular (pressure tested to 7500 psi) during
pressure up, you decide to close the pipe ram due to increasing pressure. The final
stabilized Shut in Casing Pressure (SICP) is 10800 psi. The pipe ram closing ratio is 7:1.
You decide to close the middle ram; function test recorded a minimum of 300 psi to
close the ram due to internal friction. What is the minimum operating pressure required
to close the middle ram?
A- Approximately 1200 psi.
B- Approximately 1500 psi.
C- Approximately 1850 psi. = (10800 / 7) + 300
103- A BOP stack and well head have the pressure rating:
- Well head: 10000 psi. - Pipe ram: 10000 psi. - Blind-shear rams: 10000 psi.
- Side outlet valves: 10000 psi. - Annular: 5000 psi.
- String valves (FOSV and non-return): 10000 psi. - Rotary hose: 7500 psi.
-Choke manifold and pipework upstream of chokes: 10000 psi.
-Choke manifold and pipework downstream of chokes: 5000 psi.
If maximum anticipated surface pressure is 8200 psi, what changes are required to
ensure pressure integrity?
A- Replace the first valves (all pipe work and valves) downstream of chokes with 10000-psi
rated valve.
B- The stack rating is acceptable; no changes are required.
C- Replace the 5000-psi annular with a 10000-psi rated annular.
D- Replace the 7500-psi rotary hose with a 10000-psi rated hose.
104- Capacity and limitations of utility winches: is it safe to use the winches in tandem?
A- Yes.
B- No.
105- In case of general Alarm, you must pay attention to?
A- Behaviors of the entire crew.
B- Damage on the asset involved in the event.
C- Type of Alarm sound.
106- Demonstrate ability to utilize correct measuring methods and techniques to
position rig on well center?
A- It is not important to put the rig right on the center.
B- To use Pythagorean Theorem.
C- Normally are the civil works that leaves marks for the well center.
D- Tracing the diagonals of the rectangle.
107- Explain where the limitation on utility winch is indicated?
A- Label on the Mast.
B- Original manufacture label.
C- Homemade label.
108- To spot mud tanks, in proper order and in line as per rig design what measurements
are Needed?
A- Well center to Mud Pumps.
B- Well center to Mud Tanks.
C- Well center to Subbases.
109- What is a bump test on a gas detector?
A- A bump test, also known as a calibration test.
B- A bump test, also known as a functional test.
C- A bump test is the explosion limit of the detector.
110- Identify in the below list the major Hazard while working on drill floor (Jarring
Activity)?
A- Work at Height.
B- Housekeeping.
C- Drops….. Jarring recommendations
-Avoid running the jar close to the neutral point.
-Check derrick and equipment for losses bolts, clamps, (drop object survey).
-Check top drive components.
-Prior to jarring mark the string at the rotary table.
-Ensure a weight indicator reading is correct.
-Ensure anchor line clamp remain secure.
-Have all unnecessary personal off the drilling floor during jarring operation.
-Always allow the jar to trip at their safe working load the maximum allowable limit.
111- Which section of SDS you need to check in case of contact with chemicals?
A- Hazard identification.
B- Handling and Storage.
C- Physical/Chemicals properties.
D- First Aid measures.
112- To ensure that correct results are obtained from a leak-off test at the casing shoe, a
number of critical parameters have to be accurately observed, measured and recorded
(three answers)?
A- True vertical depth of the casing shoe.
B- Mud volume in the casing.
C- Density of the mud used.
D- Measured depth of the casing shoe.
E- Mud volume pumped till leak-off starts.
F- Pumping time.
113- Describe your action during rescue someone from heights?
A- Activate the emergency procedure for rescue person.
B- Inform the Driller.
C- Going up and try to rescue the person.
114- Explain the pre-use inspection steps required before operating a utility winch?
A- Visual inspection of the winch.
B- Check equipment to be lifted.
C- Visual inspection of the accessories.
D- All the above answers.
115- The procedure for the handover says: A good and exhaustive verbal handover is
good enough!
A- Yes.
B- No.
116- Describe the objective of energy isolation?
A- To avoid unplanned situation due energy release.
B- To do the task more quickly.
C- To inform the management.
117- Who can inspect lifting equipment?
A- The Tool Pusher.
B-The HSE officer.
C- A competent person.
118- When entering a confined space what must be continuously monitored?
A- Status of personnel and equipment involved in the activity.
B- Level of Oxygen.
C- Only equipment.
119- Fall protection should be used when workers are over 2 meters from the
ground/deck such as while rigging up the derrick or substructure?
A- False.
B- True.
120- When you greasing the wash pipe the mud pumps have to be shut off?
A- False.
B- True.
C- The pumps have to run slowly.
121- How should gas cylinders be transported? Mark the correct answer below.
A- Regulators must be removed.
B- Valves must be closed.
C- Valve caps must be on.
D- Use platforms or cradles that keep cylinders upright and secured.
E- Do not drag or roll cylinders horizontally.
F- All the above answers are ok.
122- Can you identify some Manriding Operations Hazards Effects?
A- Falling from height causing serious injury or potential death.
B- Contact with or struck by moving equipment and / or rotating pipe.
C- Heat exhaustion and heat stroke.
D- Missed communication causing operation failure or personnel injury.
E-Dropped tools causing damage to equipment and / or personnel injury.
F- Failed equipment causing injury.
G- All above answers.
123- Drawworks rating can also have a wide range, often ranging from 1000 to over 3000
What these numbers are referring to?
A- PSI.
B- Tons.
C- Horse-power.
D- The maximum depth in meters can be achieved by drilling.
124- Identify the correct lanyard to be used while working on the mast?
A- Positioning lanyard.
B- Single leg lanyard.
C- Double Leg Lanyard with two snap hooks.
D- Double leg Lanyard with only one snap hook.
125- Where is located the main emergency stop button HPU rig line Drawwork brake
system?
A- On the Driller and Assistant Driller chair.
B- On the Driller cyber chair.
C- On the choke panel.
D- On OIM office.
126- After a slip and cut of drilling line, what needs to be reset?
A- Draw works brakes.
B- Anti-collision system.
C- Weight indicator.
127- Identified confined space area in your site?
A- Driller cabin.
B- Mud Tank.
C- Workshop.
128- Describe what constitutes a confined space entry?
A- Any place including tank, silo, trench, pipe or other similar space in which by virtue of
its enclosed nature, there arises a reasonably foreseeable specified risk place.
B- A place where you cannot stand up.
C- A place where it is hard to get in and out.
D- All the above answers.
129- How many feet are there in 5 meters = feet?
Feet = 5m x 3.28 = 16.4 feet.
130- How many meters are there in 15 feet? 15 feet = meters.
Meters = 15 / 3.28 = 4.57m
131- How many inches are there in 75 centimeters? 75 centimeters = inches.
Inches = 75 / 2.54cm = 29.53 inches.
132- How many centimeters are there in 100 inches? 100 inches = centimeters.
CM = 100" x 2.54cm = 254cm.
133- How many inches are there in 8 Meters? 8 Meters = inches.
Inches = 8m x 39.37" = 314.96 inches.
134- How many meters are there in 50 inches? 50 Inches = meter.
Meter = 50" / 39.37" = 1.27 meter.
135- How many inches are there in 3 feet? 3 feet = inches.
Inches = 3ft x 12" = 36 inches.
136- How many feet are there in 48 inches? 48 inches = feet.
Feet = 48" / 12" =4 feet.
137- How many millimeters are there in 3 centimeters? 3 centimeters = millimeters.
Millimeters = 3cm x 10mm = 30 millimeters.
138- How many centimeters are there in 50 millimeters? 50 millimeters = centimeters.
Centimeters = 50mm / 10mm = 5 centimeters.
139- The driller fails to fill the hole when pulling out of the well. The drilling fluid level
drops 580 ft causing the well to flow.
Current drilling fluid: 11.9 ppg.
TVD 9500: feet
What is the BHP when the well starts to flow?
Please enter a value………-……… psi………….
=0.052 x 11.9 x (9500 – 580) = 5520 psi.
140- What is the reduction in BHP if the drilling fluid level dropped by 800 ft with
a density of 10.5 ppg?
Please enter a value psi………….
= 0.052 x 10.5 x 800 = 437 psi
141- A well is drilled to depth of 8200 ft TVD and current mud density is 12.5 ppg.
What is BHP if 580 psi pressure is applied from surface with the BOP closed?
a) 4750 psi
b) 5910 psi
c) 5330 psi
d) 5076 psi
= 0.052 x 12.5 x 8200 + 580 = 5910 psi
142- While drilling. There are severe losses. After the pumps are stopped. The
drilling fluid in the well drops far below the flow line. The well is then filled to
top with water.
Drilling fluid density: 11.3 ppg
Water density : 8.6 ppg
Height of water to fill the annulus is 200 ft.
What is the decrease in hydrostatic BHP?
a) 118 psi
b) 28 psi
c) 89 psi
d) 207 psi
= (11.3 – 8.6) x 0.052 x 200 = 28 psi
149- When drilling at 11111 feet MD 10780 feet TVD, FP is expected to be 6334 psi
A 200 psi trip margin must be included in the drilling fluid density
What drilling fluid density is required?
Please enter a value?
………………..ppg
150- You expect the formation pressure to be 6334 psi at 10780 ft. TVD .
You must include a 200-psi trip margin in the drilling fluid density.
a. 1630 psi.
b. 1870 psi.
c. 1350 psi.
d. 1785 psi.
= 0.464 psi/ft. x 3950 ft. - (0.1 x (3950 – 3470) ) = 1784.8 = 1785 psi
156- A vertical well with a surface BOP stack has been shut in after a gas kick.
The surface pressures are:
Shut in drill pipe pressure: 530 psi.
Shut in casing pressure: 680 psi.
Fluid density in the well: 12.8 ppg.
The well is left shut in for some time, during which the gas migrates 600 feet up the well
What will be the expected pressure at surface?
a. Drill pipe pressure-530 psi, casing pressure-1080 psi.
b. Drill pipe pressure-930 psi, casing pressure-1080 psi.
c. Drill pipe pressure-530 psi, casing pressure-680 psi.
d. Drill pipe pressure-930 psi, casing pressure-680 psi.
= 600 x 0.052 x 12.8 = 399.36 = 400 psi
157- Calculate the rate of gas migration, in feet per hour, from the data below.
SIDPP increased by 50 psi in 15 minutes.
Fluid density is 10.5 ppg.
Please enter a value
……………………….ft. per hour
= (50 x 4) / (0.052 x 10.5) = 366.3 ft/hr.
158- A well is shut in after a kick has been taken.
SIDPP 600 psi.
SICP 1000 psi
After 15 minutes the pressure has risen 100 psi on both gauges. The mud density is 15
ppg and the influx gradient is 0.1 psi/ft.
Approximately how many feet per hour is the gas bubble migrating?
e. 129 ft/hr.
f. 1400 ft/hr.
g. 200 ft/hr.
h. 513 ft/hr.
= (100 x 4 ) / ( 0.052 x 15 ) = 512.8 ft/hr.
159- A driller prepares to pull out of the hole and lines up to the slug pit. The driller then
pumps a 20 bbl. Heavy slug. Followed by 10 bbl. Of drilling fluid from the active pit.
Depth of hole(RKB): 9200 feet, Drilling fluid density: 12.2 ppg.
Heavy slug density:14.5 ppg, Drill pipe capacity:0.01776 bbl./ft.
Surface line volume 6 bbl. How far will the fluid level in the string drop when the well
has equalized?
a. 263 feet.
b. 213 feet.
c. 1143 feet.
d. 183 feet.
={ (14.5/12.2) – 1 ) x 20 } / 0.01776 = 212.3 ft = 213
160- After a round trip at 9854 (9100) ft with 10.3 (11.6) ppg drilling fluid, circulation is
started at a constant pump rate and there is an increase in returns. The well is shut in
with zero pressure on the drill pipe gauge and 200 psi on the casing gauge.
There is no float in the drill string. What kill mud density will be required?
a) 10.7
b) There is no way of knowing.
c) 11.0 ppg
d) 10.3 (11.6) ppg
161- A vertical well is drilled to a depth of 8000 ft.
Overbalance: 170 psi
How many complete stands can the driller pull dry, without filling the hole, before the
overbalance is lost? (One stand equals 90 feet).
a) 52 stands.
b) 53 stands.
c) 55 stands.
d) 54 stands
= {overbalance x (casing capacity – metal displacement)} / {mud gradient x metal
displacement
= (170 x (0.157 – 0.008) / (0.67 x 0.008) = 4725.7 / 90 = 52 stand
162- A vertical well is drilled to a depth of 8000 ft.
Overbalance: 160 psi
How many complete stands can the driller pull dry, without filling the hole, before the
overbalance is lost? (One stand equals 90 feet).
a) 45 stands.
b) 46 stands.
c) 47 stands.
d) 48 stands.
= (overbalance x ( casing capacity – metal displacement ) / ( mud gradient x metal (
= ( 160 x (0.157 – 0.008 ) / (0.73 x 0.008) = 4082.19 / 90 = 45 stand. displacemen
163- Calculate the volume of drilling fluid required to fill the hole per stand when pulled
“wet”. With no drilling fluid returns to the well.
Well data
Drill pipe capacity: 0.0178 bbl/feet.
Drill pipe metal displacement: 0.0082 bbl./feet.
Average stand length: 93 feet.
a) 0.76
b) 2.42
c) 1.65
d) 9.28
{(0.0178 + 0.0082) x 93} = 2.418 bbl.
164- During a trip, 15 stands of dry pipe are pulled out. The drilling fluid volume used to
keep the hole full was 8.2 bbl. using the following data, what is the correct action to take
if there is no flow from the well?
Well data:
ll well MD 11575 ft
well TVD 10383 ft
Casing OD 9.625
Casing cap. 0.0787 bbl/ft
Casing metal displ. 0.01129 bbl/ft
Casing closed end dis. 0.08999 bbl/ft
a) 909.4 bbl
b) 910.9 bbl
c) 130.5 bbl
d) 130.7 bbl.
= (11575 – 20) x0.01129 = 130.4559 = 130.5 bbl
166- Calculate the MAASP with the following information:
Well data:
Casing shoe TVD: 6800 ft.
Drilling fluid density: 15 ppg.
Maximum allowable drilling fluid density: 16.7 ppg(1 answer).
………………………PSI
( 16.7 – 15 ) ppg. x 0.052 x 6800 ft. = 601 psi.
167- Calculate the MAMW with the following information:
Well data:
Casing shoe TVD: 8000 ft.
Fluid density in the hole: 10.4 ppg.
Leak off test (LOT) : 1500 psi (1 answer).
………………………ppg
= ( 1500 / ( 0.052 x 8000) + 10.4 = 14.0057 ppg = 14.0 ppg
168- Calculate the MAASP with the information below:
WELL DATA:
Hole depth MD: 13600 ft.
Hole depth TVD: 12800 ft.
Casing shoe depth MD: 9100 ft.
Casing shoe depth TVD: 8600 ft.
Drilling fluid density: 11.5 ppg.
Formation strength gradient: 0.828 psi/ft.
……………….psi
= (0.828/0.052 -11.5) X 0.052 X 8600 FT = 1967.68 psi
169- What are the 3 stuck pipe mechanisms?
A- Differential, Solids Induced, Swelling shales.
B- Solids Induced packed off, Differential sticking, Mechanical or Wellbore geometry.
C- Differential sticking, wellbore instability, swelling shales.
D- Differential sticking, Solids Induced, Wellbore instability.
170- Which of these two causes' solids induced pack off?
A- Unconsolidated formations, Doglegs.
B- Under gauge hole, Mobile formations.
C- Naturally over pressured shale's, under gauge hole.
D- Junk in hole, Hole cleaning.
171- What are the conditions that cause differentially stuck pipe?
A- Permeable formations, low hydrostatic pressure, pipe in motion.
B- Thin filter cake, static drill string, low hydrostatic pressure.
C- Thick filter cake, high overbalance, static drill string.
D- Static drill string, depleted formation, low overbalance.
172- While pulling the BHA through a kick-off cement plug, over pull suddenly increased
to 80,000 lbs. The string can be worked 5– 15 ft. with restricted rotation at mid stroke
(high erratic torque). Fluctuating, restricted circulation pressure (300-600 psi). What is
the stuck pipe mechanism?
A- Differential.
B- Solid Induced pack off.
C- Wellbore geometry.
D- Mechanical.
173- How do you prevent differential sticking?
A- Keep the drill string moving, maximize fluid loss.
B- Rig crew awareness, minimize filter cake, minimize over balance.
C- Use spiral DCs and HWDP, minimize the use of bridging agents (i.e. CaCO3).
D- Keep drill string static for a long time, change casing setting depth.
174- What would be the first action to free a packed off drill string (circulation is not
possible)?
A- Reduce the trapped pressure in the DP to 1000 psi.
B- Reduce the trapped pressure in the DP to 300-400 psi.
C- Circulate as fast as you can.
D- Move drill string same direction as the pipe movement prior to pack off.
175- What is the first action and secondary action to free differentially Stuck Pipe?
A- Reduce trapped pressure to 0, pump pipe lax.
B- Increase trapped pressure to 2000 psi and work pipe up.
C- Pump pipe lax and mechanically back off.
D- Circulate to clean the hole, work pipe down with torque and pump pipe lax.
176- What is the action to free mechanically stuck drill string?
A- Take free point to identify the location of Stuck Pipe.
B- Jar opposite direction of the drill string movement prior to sticking.
C- Pump as fast as you can.
D- Pump Pipe Lax.
177- What is annular velocity?
A-Average velocity of the fluid calculated by dividing flow rate to hole diameter.
B- Average velocity of the fluid calculated by dividing flow rate to annular area.
C- Maximum velocity of the fluid calculated by dividing flow rate to hole diameter.
D- Average velocity of the fluid calculated by dividing flow rate to pipe diameter.
172- Annular velocity is the maximum velocity that exists in any given wellbore?
A- True.
B- False.
178- What flow regime cleans the hole better? What are the limitations for this flow
regime?
A- Turbulent flow, pump pressure/ECD.
B- Laminar flow, barite sag and pump capacity.
C- Turbulent flow, pump pressure and ROP.
D- Plug flow, low pump pressure.
179- What are the most important factors for hole cleaning in vertical wells?
A- Flow rate and pipe rotation.
B- Cuttings size and mud rheology.
C- Flow rate and mud weight.
D- Pipe rotation and rheology.
180- What are the two most important factors to clean the hole in directional wells?
A- Flow rate and pipe rotation.
B- Flow rate and mud rheology.
C- Flow rate and mud weight.
D- Pipe rotation and rheology.
181- What is the most difficult angle range to clean in a directional well?
A- 15-30 deg.
B- 20-40 deg.
C- 30-60 deg.
D- 75-90 deg.
182- How many types of pills and combinations are available to clean directional wells?
A- Low Viscosity, High Viscosity, Weighted, Combination.
B- High Viscosity, Low Viscosity, Combination.
C- Low Viscosity, High Viscosity, Weighted.
D- High Viscosity, Low Viscosity.
183- How many bottoms up do you recommend as minimum for 55 deg 12 ¼” hole
section?
A- 1/2.
B- 1.
C- 3.
D- 5.
184- How does pipe rotation help hole cleaning? What is the recommended RPM in a
60deg 12 ¼” hole section?
A- Stirs the cuttings via viscous coupling and mechanically agitates the cutting bed,
120rpm.
B- Breaks up cuttings to smaller pieces, 100 rpm.
C- Changes flow regime, 90rpm.
D- Improves carrying capacity of the mud, 110 rpm.
185- At minimum, when do we need to take Torque and Drag measurements in a
directional well?
A- After each connection.
B- Every 150 ft.
C- After crew change.
D- At the shoe, at the mid depth of the OH section and at the TD.
186- What is the definition of Torque & Drag?
A- Force required to rotate the drill string, axial load against the direction of movement.
B- Rotational friction, weight of the drill string in the hole.
C- Minimum required force to move string, maximum load to move string.
D- Side force created against rotation, friction for the rotational movement.
187- What do Torque and Drag tell us?
A- They define when we need to do a short trip, circulate to clean the hole or pump
lubricants.
B- They define if we need to increase MW to reduce wellbore instability issues.
C- They tell us if we need to change mud rheology to reduce pump pressure.
D- They tell if we need to reduce the well inclination.
188- How can we reduce Torque and Drag?
A- Reduce rotation of the drill string.
B- Increase weight on bit.
C- Maximize hole cleaning.
D- Reduce flow rate.
189- What are the consequences of wellbore instability?
A- Reduced productivity of the well.
B- Stuck pipe and fishing.
C- Plugged drill string.
D- Contaminated mud.
190- What information does a DrillMap contain?
A- Directional Profile, BHAs, Casing setting depths, cement slurries.
B- Geological Risks, Pore pressure and Fracture Gradient Data, Casing setting depths,
directional profile of the well.
C- Maximum horizontal stress, temperature profile, casing setting depths, cementing
program.
D- Summary of Drilling operations and procedures.
191- Do you always need to increase the MW to control wellbore instability?
A- Yes B- No
192- Is the overburden stress always the maximum stress?
A- Yes. B- No.
193- What is the recommended MW/ECD window to drill a well safely without causing
wellbore instability, kicks and losses?
A- ECD and MW greater than Pore pressure and less than minimum horizontal stress.
B- ECD and MW greater than Pore pressure and greater than minimum horizontal stress.
C- ECD and MW less than tensile strength of the formation more than fracture gradient of
the formation.
D- MW and ECD less than tensile strength of the formation and less than shear stress of
the formation.
194- What does fluctuating pump pressure mean?
A- Everything is OK, pump pressures always fluctuate.
B- Hole is washing out.
C- Potential Hole cleaning problems.
D- Pumps pressure needs to be reduced.
195- What is the reason if torque and drag are increasing above the normal trend
without changing formation and well angle?
A- Everything is OK, no problems, it supposed to increase as you get deeper.
B- Hole is washing out.
C- Potential Hole cleaning problems hole might be packing off.
D- Pumps pressure needs to be reduced.
196- Which one of these three are most important things to mention in Handover
notes?
A- Crew names, last bit depth, current MW.
B- Hole problems and tight spots, expected problems, pipe in and out of the hole.
C- Summary of previous tour, amount of water available on the rig, maintenance schedule.
D- Barite available on location, cuttings and caving description, well trajectory.
197- What is the procedure if a tight hole condition is encountered while tripping out of
the hole?
A- Force the drill string out of the hole with over pull up to the pipe capacity.
B- Put the pumps on immediately and circulate, pump a viscous pill.
C- Go back down 2-3 stands (if possible), circulate, pull slowly to same spot and evaluate.
D- Kick the pumps on immediately and start back reaming out of the hole without losing
time.
198- During back reaming you can over pull the pipe into the slips when connecting the
Kelly or the top drive
A- True. B- False.
199- If you are unable to move the drill string due to an emergency repair on the top
drive. What can you do to avoid a stuck pipe incident?
A- Break circulation slowly checking returns, Circulate with drilling flow rate initially then
after hole is cleaned reduce the pump rate gradually to minimize washouts.
B- Do nothing, you can wait in static condition until repair is done.
C- Circulate with reduced rate initially to clean the hole and increase flow rate to drilling
rate until the repair is finished.
D- Pump a low vis. / high vis. pill immediately.
200- How does a six arm caliper help us determine the well condition?
A- It can tell us what the wellbore direction is.
B- It can tell us where the formation tops are.
C- It can help us correlate with offset wells.
D- It shows us wellbore instability issues and potentially stress directions.
201- Which of the followings can be determined by using APWD?
A- Ballooning effect, hole cleaning, washed out hole diameter.
B- ECD, ESD, Ballooning effect, kicks, forming cuttings bed.
C- Cutting bed height and location , hole cleaning, ECD.
D- Wellbore instability, ESD, ECD, Ballooning, gas units.
202- What is the minimum required thickening time for a cement plug?
A- 2.0 hrs
B- 3.0 hrs
C- 4.0 hrs
D- Cement Placement time + POOH + 2.00 hrs
203- What are the well conditions that can only be solved by back reaming?
A- Tight spots due to hole cleaning.
B- Tight spots due to wellbore geometry.
C- Fluidized cuttings bed.
D- Anytime when there is a tight spot.
204- Calculate Margin of Over Pull (MOP) for a drill string with following data:
- 360ft. of DCs > 6 1/4" , 4 IF, 83PPF
- 5"DP, G-105, 19.5PPF,NC50 or 4 ½" IF, TD= 14000FT
- Mwt= 75PCF
Solution
BF = 1- PCF/489 = 1- 75/489 = 1-0.15337= 0.846
Wt. DC in Mud = 360 X 83 X 0.846 = 25,278 Ibs.
Wt of DP in Mud = 13640 X 21.87 X 0.846 = 252.367 Ibs.
Total String Wt. = 25278 + 252367 = 277645 Ibs.
Min. Yield Strength = 436150 X 0.9 = 392,535 Ibs.
MOP = 392,535 - 277645 = 114,890 LBS.
205- Calculate Margin of Over Pull (MOP) for a drill string with following data:
- Bit, Float valve, 12 DC. Jar, 2 DC, 15 HWDP, DP to Surface (single 30ft)
- Hole depth 12500 f. Mud weight 77 PCF
- DC weight 8 ½" X 2.88* ID, 171 Ib/ft, jar 3500 Ib
- HWDP weight 5 ½" X 3.25" ID, 61 1b/ft
- DP 5 ½" X 4.78" ID. 24.7 Ib/A, G105. Class P
Solution
BF = 1- PCF/489 = 1- 77/489 = 1-0.15337= 0.8425
Wt. DC = 14 x 171 x 30= 71820 Ibs
Wt of HWDP = 15 x 30 x 61= 27450 lbs
Wt of DP = 11600 x 27.75= 321900 Ibs
Total String Wt. in Mud= (421170+3500) 0.8425 =357784 Ibs
Min. Yield Strength = 547799 x 0.8 = 438239 Ibs
MOP = 438239 - 357784 = 80454 LBS
206- Calculate Margin of Over Pull (MOP) on 4" DP as well as on 5" DP for a drill string
with following data:
- String wt. including TDS is 320,000 Ibs
- Wt. ofTDS = 40.000 Ibs
- 450 FT OF DCs > 4-3/4", 4 IF, 83 PPF
- 5" DP, G-105, 19.5 PPF, NC50 or 4-1/2 IF
- 4" DP, 8000 FT, G-105, 14 PPF, NC46 or 4 IF
- TD = 15000FT
- Mwt = 80pcf
Solution
BF= 1 – pcf/489
= 1 – 80/489 = 1- 0.15337 = 0.836
Wt. DC in Mud = 450 x 83 x 0.836 = 31,225 Ibs
Wt of 4" DP in Mud = 8000 x 16.19 x 0.836 = 108278 Ibs
Wt of S" DP in Mud =320,000 - 40,000 – 31225 - 108,278 = 140497 Ibs
Min. Yield Strength 5" DP= 436150 x 0.9 = 392,535 Ibs
Min. Yield Strength 4" DP= 313,854 x 0.9 = 282,468 Ibs
MOP on 4" DP=282468 – 31225 – 108278 =142,965 Ibs
MOP on S" DP=(392535 - 31225 - 108278 – 140497 =112,535lbs
MOP of Drill String is 112,535 LBS
207- What is the check list for the driller at the beginning of each tour?
- Double check pipe tally.
- Check Drill String design sheet is up to date, at any time the Driller need to know how
much he can pull, as reading on the weight indicator.
- Check the Draw works & Check crown, O matic and block control is operation, Confirm
the air pressure and cooling temperature alarm working, Function test joystick.
- Check the (IBOP) and safety valve they are good working condition, DP, DC, slips, safety
clamp DC they are good working condition.
- Check well control equipment accumulator unit, remote choke, choke manifold, safety
valve, IBOP
- Statue of operation Current hook load pick up, slack off, rotating weight, Current depth
(pipe tally- joints in / joints out / BHA description), Operation during the tour include if
there were a change in well conditions increase & decrease torque, drag, pump pressure,
well control, stuck pipe, formation drilled, and problematic zones.
- I working under the instruction of the top management and the client
- Monitor implementation of the safety system and program on the rigs and ensure JSA,
PTW, and safety meetings are conducted as per requirement.
- Ensure that all safety alerts are received and closed out.
- Maintain all required records and documentation at the rig site and produce accurate
and timely reports on all aspects of the rig operations and personal matters.
- Ensure all inspection are carried out and reported as per the HSE schedule
- Plan head and preparation to next job and maintenance the equipment and follow-up
the maintenance department in the rig.
209- What is the check list for the driller at the beginning of each tour?
B- Weight on bit
C- Rotary speed
210- What is the meaning and function of the following tools? (Writing question)
(A) IBOP: Well control barrier element, a device that can be installed above drill string
safety valve in the drill string that acts as a check valve allowing drilling fluid to be
circulated down the string but prevents back flow, and it doesn't allow passing wire line.
(B) Mud gas separator: Separate gas from mud during killing operation, it must be have
long deep tube to creating liquid seal, short outlet vent and large diameter to avoid back
pressure, back pressure gauge form 1 to 20 psi, inlet hot lop used to reestablish MGS in
case lost liquid seal, out cleaning valve.
(c) Top drive: Rotating system used to drilling well, Top Drive System allows rotation and
circulation at any point of hole and allows making back reaming out of a hole than Kelly
system.
(D) Roller Cone bit: one of type drilling bit which has three cones that rotate that is break
the rock into small pieces.
211- Hand-over between Drillers is very important. Tell what you hand-over to other
Driller? (Writing question)
- Check drill string design sheet is up to date at any time the driller needs to know how
much he can pull, as reading on the weight indicator.
- Current hook load pick up, slack off, rotating weight.
- Current depth (pipe tally- joints in / joints out / BHA description)
- Current operation
(Drilling, tripping, casing, cement, N/UP BOP, N/DOWN BOP, test BOP).
- Planned operations (remark possible risks).
- Operation during the tour include if there were a change in well conditions increase &
decrease torque, drag, pump pressure, well control, stuck pipe, formation drilled, and
problematic zones.
212- Rig components only include Rotary, Hoisting and Mud system.
A- True
B- False
213- We can depend on pump strokes to make sure the hole is full of mud.
A- True
B- False
A- True
B- False
A- True.
B- False.
A- Hole washout.
A- True.
B- False .
B- Increase in SPM.
A- Usually Trip tank is used to fill the annulus for metal displacement.
223- It is the toolpusher responsibility if the hole is not properly filled with mud?
A- True.
B- False .
224- Differential stuck would be most likely to occur when formation pressure is …… the
hydrostatic pressure?
A- Equal to.
B- Greater than.
C- Less than.
225- It's not important to follow the number of stands during tripping?
A- True.
B- False .
A- True.
B- False
227- During POOH it's important to monitor?
228- The most common problem with the insert bit is?
B- Cone erosion.
D- Broken inserts.
229- About..... Of hydraulic horsepower developed by the pump will be expanded at the
bit?
230- What is the relationship between the pump pressure and pump strokes and mud
weight?
231- The driller's decision to pull a worn drill bit should be based on?
232- Calculate the bottom hole pressure drop when 1000 ft of 5" D/P (metal
displacement = 0.0077 bbl/ft) is pulled dry from 9 5/8" CSG (ID = 8.5"), Mwt = 16 ppg
Substitution in the equation, but only we need to calculate the casing capacity = casing ID2
/ 1029.4
233- What is the most important step in blow out prevention once a warning sign has
been detected?
234- The formation pressure gradient of 0.5 psi/ft is considered subnormal pressure
gradient?
A- True.
B- False .
235- The primary well control barrier is the hydrostatic pressure of mud plus the annular
pressure losses?
A- True.
B- False .
236- Give (5) procedures that must be done before performing leak-off test?
- Pump very slowly 1/4 bbl per minute stop pumping when formation start breaks down.
237- When performing pressure test with cup tester, usually the string is secured with
closed FOSV?
A- True.
B- False .
238- Long time shut in causes the gas influx to migrate, the danger of migration is?
241- If viscosity is low, there is high possibility of swabbing during Pull out of hole?
A- True.
B- False
A- True.
B- False
B- Preform work permit for working at height and hot work permit.
C- Pump L.C.M.
246- What is the relationship between water loss and filter cake?
When water loss increase filter cake decrease but, if filter cake increase water loss
decrease.
247- The bottom rams on the BOP stack should be used to?
C- Secure well and make repairs on upper stack under emergency conditions.
248- Maximum Expected formation pressure is 11,000 psi at 15,000 ft TVD, if the hole is
full of gas with gradient of 0.1 psi/ft. What rating of BOP system should be safest and
economical to use?
249- What is the maximum weight that can be used from the BHA for WOB?
250- When you have active and lazy floor men, you…
A- You usually depend on the active one to finish the jobs faster.
B- You tend to activate the lazy floor man by giving him more work and teach him.
L (D/P) = _________________________________________________
65.44
252- If pump pressure was 1500psi with 30spm, what would the pump pressure be if
pump speed change to 40spm?
253- A well has 13 3/8" casing cemented @ 3500ft; LOT is held after drilling below the
shoe, if the formation Strength is 2366 psi, what is the Max. Mud weight?
2366
0.052 x 3500
254- Calculate the volume of mud returned to mud system when stripping 1000ft of 5"
DP into the hole (ID = 4.27") when drilling 12 1/4" hole.
(12.25)2 – (5)2
1029.4
Mud density 10.8 ppg, Casing capacity 0.0719 bb1/ft, Annular capacity 0.0558 bbl/ft,
Casing joint 40 ft If the float valve was to fail at this point, what would be the reduction
in bottom hole pressure?
256- What is the definition of rated working pressure for BOP equipment?
257- When RIH with a solid float, the drill string must be filed from top on a regular
basis. What might be the result if this procedure is not carried out correctly?
B- Stuck pipe.
C- Riser collapse.
D- Mud losses.
258- Rig maintenance is not of your duty it is the maintenance department concern only,
True or False?
A- True. B- False.
Maintenance time:
- Measure coverall: (for all part of the engine) every 30000 hour.
Using Diesel:
- Max rate (during drilling, by 2or3 Eng.) 1800-2000 gallon. - Lower rate (during drilling-
low parameter) 1200-1500 gallon.
259- Where do we use Nitrogen gas on the rig and why?
- We use Nitrogen gas in Accumulator Bottles, Pulsation Dampener, and Surge Bottle.
260- What valves we should have on rig floor to secure drill string in case well flows,
which one install first?
- Gray Valve.
261- How to protect crown block and rig floor against top drive/travelling block
movement up and down?
- By pre-setting value of high travel stop and high travel limit to save crown block; and
setting value for low travel stop and low travel limit to save rig floor.
- Ton mile is the unit of service given by a drilling line in moving 1 ton of load over a
distance of 1 mile.
263- What is the measuring unit on casing tong torque gauge? What is the measuring
unit on the line pull DP make up torque gauge?
- Measuring unit of line pull DP make up torque gauge is (lbf) = (lbf.ft) divided length rig
tong arm.
264- After changing liner size of the mud pump what equipment on the mud pump
should be readjusted?
- In Small annulus will be more because there is no clearance between BHA and wellbore
wall.
266- What does it mean if pressure dropped 500 psi suddenly while normal drilling, mud
pumps ok?
267- Will you reuse a BOP flange ring gaskets to save some money?
268- To open BOP bonnets for changing the ram, which position the 4 way valve, should
be operated, open/close?
- Free circulation.
- No up/down movement.
- No rotation.
269- Working on a stuck pipe using a drilling jar, after the jar is fired, what should you do
to repeat the jarring action?
2- No stabs above jars, no x-sectional change in direct connection with the jar.
3- Run jar and energizer as standard package (there is no place in the wellbore where the energizer is not useful).
5- Choose jar size / hole size, i.e. no 8" tools in 26" hole.
1- Outer cylinder.
2- Inner mandrill.
3- Drive section.
4- Latch setting.
1- Inner mandrill moving down applies sufficient weight to make engage to latch setting.
3- Wait Sufficient time to jar trip load, the time delay is provided by hydraulic fluid being forced
through small port or series of jets(some jars took short cycle 30-60sec, some took long cycle 2-8
minutes)
Before running the drilling jar into the well must be mentioned how much weight we need to engage
the latch setting to calculate weight indicator load from the jar certificate of conformity.
Jarring recommendations
2- Check derrick and equipment for losses bolts, clamps, (drop object survey)
7- Have all unnecessary personal off the drilling floor during jarring operation.
8- Always allow the jar to trip at their safe working load the maximum allowable li
Cocking the jar calculations
Last recorded pick up weight 330000 Last recorded pick up weight 330000
(-) BHA weight below jar 30000 (-) BHA weight below jar 30000
(+) internal jar friction 10000 (-) internal jar friction 10000
Last recorded slack off weight 330000 Last recorded pick up weight 330000
(-) BHA weight below jar 30000 (-) BHA weight below jar 30000
(-) Down jar trip load setting 40000 (+) Up jar trip load setting 80000
(-) pump open force 20000 (-) pump open force 20000
––––––– –––––––
(=) weight indicator load 240000 (=) weight indicator load 360000
270- If the make-up torque is 60,000 ft.lb, How much line pull you will apply on the line
pull torque gauge (torque arm length = 5 Ft.)?
1- Install BOP at test stamp, and then connect - Shut the accumulator bottles.
single drill pipe.
- Open the bleed off valve to the tank,
2- Charge system max times 15 minutes
(Manifold psi should go to O psi) then close
3- Turn off the power supply to all accumulator bleed valve.
charge pumps.
NOTE: Make sure that the HR is fully closed and
4- Record the initial Accu pressure. the annular is
(Accu3000, manifold 1500, annular650-950) fully open prior to going through the next steps:
5- Individually close annular and pipe rams 1- Open the HR valve handle, (if applicable).
without blind ram, and record pressure and
response time. 2- Close annular valve handle.
6- To simulate closure of blind ram, open one of 3- With pumps only, record time how long it
ram. takes to regain manifold pressure to 200 psi
over desired pre-charge pressure.
7- Open HCR and record pressure and response
time. Accumulator working pressure {1500 psi = 750 (
desired psi)(2000 and 3000 psi = 1000 desired
8- Record final accumulator pressure shall be psi).
equal greater than 200PSI above
4- Record elapsed time (2 min or less).
Pre-charge.
297- What are the differences between testing tools (Test plug and Cup tester)?
Testing tools
Test plug
Cup tester
-U-tube height.
The separator is installed downstream of the chock manifold to separate gas from the drilling
fluid
There are two types of (MGS): atmospheric, pressurized
(A) The atmospheric
Type separator there are two types of atmospheric designs vertical type, horizontal type.
Horizontal type:
Its due has many advantages:
- Larger exposed liquid surface area.
- Longer retention time of the fluid.
- The gas flows perpendicular to the direction of the fluid flow.
Vertical type:
Is stander equipment on nearly all rig and is referred to in the field as gas buster, poor boy operates
on the gravity or hydrostatic pressure.
- The mud from the choke line is directed to the (MGS) to remove any large volume of gas
encountered while killing.
- The removed gas is directed away from the rig personal to a remote location and vented and
flared.
- The gas-cut mud is pumped to the spray chamber at a high velocity through a disc valve
- The mud strikes the inside wall of the spray chamber with enough force to drive most of the
entrapped gas out of the mud.
What are the factors that affected pressure build-up (back pressure) inside the mud gas separator?
- Vent line ID must be wide
- Vent line height must be short.
Design
1- Height (10 feet minimum height), diameter 30 inches
2- Internal baffle arrangement to assist in additional gas break out
3- Outlet diameter (8" min)
4- U Tube diameter (8" min) max height to shaker header tank 10 feet
5- 4" diameter line from chock manifold
6- Clean out valve 4", 2" flush line
7- Gas back pressure (typically from 0 to 20 psi)
(B) Pressurized mud gas separator
Is designed to operate with moderate back pressure generally 50 psi or less (installed when high
risk H2S GAS areas)
The pressurized separator is utilized to over com line pressure losses when the excessive length of
vent line is required to safely and burn the hazardous gas an extended distance from the rig.
299- What is kick-off point?
kick-off point
Kick-off point
The point between vertical drilling
and horizontal drilling, this point that
starts building angle in deviation well.
Dog leg
The rate of hole angle changes is
greater than 3 degrees per 100 feet
of the hole.
It conducted in order to find the fracture It typically used for testing strength of
pressure when conducting the LOT; you will formation and shoe by increasing Bottom
pump drilling fluid until you see the fracture Hole Pressure (BHP) to designed pressure.
trend of formation. Once the formation is When you do the FIT test, you will increase
fractured, the first pressure that deviated surface pressure until it reaches the
from a trend is typically called Leak off required pressure only.
Pressure; we use the leak-off pressure to
calculate LOT There is no intention to break the formation
with (FIT) You will do (FIT) to ensure that
you will be able to drill to section target
depth and will be able to control the well in
case of well control situation without
underground blow out.
Reservoir Rock
Almost all reservoir rocks are sedimentary.
Sedimentary rocks include:
Sandstone, Conglomerate, Limestone, Dolomite
Porosity
Percentage of space between the grains of rock
Permeability
The ability of the rock to allow formation fluids to flow through it
367- What is function stabilizer and types?
- Reduce the buckling.
- Increase bit life.
- Provide angle control in direction drilling.
- Reduce chance of stuck.
Type of stabilizer:
- Spiral blade.
- Straight blade.
- Straight blade (offset).
368- What is type of Ring Gasket?
There are two types to flange (A) 6B flange, (B) 6BX flange
(A) 6B flange working pressure 2000-5000 PSI.
Type of Ring Gasket used 6B flange (R) and (RX).
(B) 6BX flange working pressure 10000 to above.
Type of Ring Gasket used 6BX flange (BX) and (6BX).
369- What is the function of greasing?
- Lubrication and cool the thread and shoulders.
- To make a good seal on shoulder.
- Prevent gulling.
- Help to make a good make up torque.
370- What is minimum bottom-up for various hole type?
Minimum recommended bottom-up for various hole type:
(A) 17" 1/2 - 12" 1/4 >30 deg. at least 3-4 bottom-up circulation at optimum parameters
(B) 17" 1/2 - 12" 1/4 < 30 deg. at least 2 bottom-up circulation at optimum parameters
(C) 8"1/2 - 6" > 30 deg. at least 2 bottom-up, < 30 deg. 1.5 bottom up at optimum
parameters
371- What is the mean by MUD-CAP?
Volume of mud pumped from annular to keep hydrostatic pressure while drilling blind
with total losses.
372- What is the definition of constant .052?
It is a pressure gradient of a fluid having weight 1 PPG
1 x 7.48 = 0.051944
(12)2
373- What are the functions of drilling mud?
- Cleaning the hole.
- Cooling and lubricating drill string.
- Lifting cutting to the surface.
- To carry information about formation.
- Stabilizing well bore.
- Controlling formation pressure.
- Suspending cutting.
Gel strength
A measure of the attractive forces between suspended solid particles in liquid when it is
static
Yield strength
A measure of the attractive forces between suspended solid particles in liquid while
circulation
374- What are the surface signs for twist-off?
- Loss of drill string weight.
- Drop in pressure.
- Increased pump speed.
- Increased rotary speed.
- Reduce drilling torque.
375- What are you know about relief valves in mud pumps?
Relief valve (pop-off valve)
The relief valve is installed on the auxiliary manifold for the purpose of protecting the
pump
From excessively high-pressure overloads
The relief valve must be installed correctly so that it will be directly contacted with the
mud pump.
Relationship between the relief valve and liner
There are different size liners and every size has max working pressure we adjust the relief
valve 80% from liner max working pressure
(EX if we change the liner from 6/12 to 51/2 should be readjusted relief valve for change
max working pressure)
Reason to change the liner
In shallow depth, we need volume no need pressure we used a large liner
In deeper depth we need pressure no need volume we used a smaller liner
Liner diameter 5" mux pressure 5000 psi
Liner diameter 51/2" mux pressure 5000 psi
Liner diameter 6" mux pressure 4670 psi
Liner diameter 61/4" mux pressure 4299 psi
Liner diameter 61/2" mux pressure 3980 psi
Liner diameter 7" mux pressure 3423 psi
Liner diameter 71/4" mux pressure 3200 psi
Liner diameter 71/2" mux pressure 2540 psi
376- What is the function of the accumulator unit relief valve?
The function of the accumulator unit relief valve
If the pressure switch failed to stop the charge pumps will continue pressuring up till
bursting the accumulator unit and lines, the relief valve will bleed off any pressure more
than 3000psi
To save the life of people and protect the equipment
It is important to know that about accumulator:
-Each closing unit should have a fluid reservoir tank with a capacity equal to or at least
twice the usable fluid capacity of the accumulator system and reservoir fluid is stored at
atmospheric pressure
-The purpose of having stored fluid under pressure in the accumulator bottles
To enable the (BOP) to be closed in the event of power failure
To reduce the closing time of (BOP) functions
-Use nitrogen gas in accumulator bottles because is non-flammable, an inert gas at
standard temperature, and pressure
- Reason for operating the master air valve 5 seconds prior to the function on remote
(BOP) Control panel, to allow a buildup of air pressure to operate the three positions four-
way valve
- Pressure gauge on the remote (BOP) control panel reduction when the ram closed
Accumulator pressure gauge and manifold pressure gauge
- All (BOP) function can be operated from the driller remote (BOP) control panel but the
hydraulic annular pressure regulator cannot be adjusted from the driller remote (BOP)
control panel
- Three positions four ways valve means
Open, Neutral, Close
Inside accumulator oil going to four orientation
377- What is a good practice while the survey?
Stuck pipe prevention good practices while surveying:
- After drilling at Kelly down ream the recently drilled hole section sufficiently to avoid any
problem
(Wash up & ream down to clean cutting around BHA and bit)
- Ensure (MWD) engineer are ready to take a survey
- Decide when the best time to take a survey
- Discuss with MWD & DD engineers how the stationary time for the drill string can be
optimized, if the survey tack more than this time moving string and rotation make sure
string free then try to make survey again
378- What is a good practice while tripping?
- Circulation the hole rotates the string until the shakers are clean
- Take the average hook load, pick up, slack off, string weight, observe well and make sure
before starting POOH well not flow
- Never force the string into or out of the hole, if are their tight hole to avoid swabbing or
surge
- Observe well by a trip tank if any doubt run back and circulate bottom up
379- What is the good practice kick Prevention?
-Trip carefully in and out never forces string in or out to avoid swabbing or surge.
- Monitor trip in or trip out by trip tank.
- Back to bottom and circulate bottom up if any doubt of hole condition.
- Pump out if tight hole.
- Keep viscosity down to acceptable level.
- Monitor the well all the time.
- All the time keep hole fill.
380- What is the casing running procedure?
The following must be prepared prior to running casing:
-Install casing ram
-Retrieve wear bushing
-Record the annular volume between the casing and open
hole / outer casing and calculate acceptably running speeds by the depth with respect to
surge pressure
-Prepare a volume displacement schedule for monitoring volumes
-Have a circulating head on the drill floor, check correct thread type by physical installation
and have it prepared without protectors for rapid installation
-On floating rigs, ensure a XO from casing to drill pipe is available
- Monitor well all the time
381- What are the reasons that lead to an increase in the risk to MAASP?
- Incorrect casing shoe depth.
- Large kick size.
- Low fracture pressure.
- Long open hole section.
- Gas migration.
- Bad kill practices.
- Chock line friction loss.
- Unexpected High pressure.
382- What are the types of casing thread?
- LTC. (Long Thread)
- STC. (Short Threading)
- BTC. (Buttress Threading)
- New vam.
- Vam top.
383- What are types of drilling bit?
There are two types of bits:
Roller Cone Bits and fixed cutter bits
(A) Roller Cone Bits:
There are two types of roller Cone Bits
- Milled tooth roller-cone bit, (designed to drill soft formations)
- Insert roller- cone bit (TSI) means: tungsten carbide insert bits (Tungsten carbide is hard
material)
(B) Fixed cutter bits:
There are three types of fixed cutter bits
- Polycrystalline-diamond-compact (PDC)
- Naturel diamond bits
- Impregnated bits
Also (PDC) have other types for a special operation like Head coring (used to take a sample
from the formation), Sid tracking bits, Reaming bits
384- What are types of drill pipe float valves?
A drill pipe float valve is a check valve installed in the drill string that allows mud to be
pumped down but prevents flow back up.
There are two types of float valves:
- Flapper type.
- Plunger type (spring).
385- What are you know about rotating head?
- It is fit on top of BOP stack and makes seal around drill pipe which rotates we are used
when drilling with air.
- It is well bore assist.
- Change all seals and packing elements to oil base suitable ones.
- Change all mud pump spare parts to oil base suitable ones.
- Avoid using water hose for cleaning or washing near shaker area or mud tanks.
- Verify all rig floor area are ready for oil base no holes.
421- What is the percentage of acid would you add to get string free?
From 5 to 30% depends on formation lithology whether it is pure limestone or with other
different rock in the stuck area. And also depends on drill pipe and tubing grades whether
it can withstand the effect of acid or not.
422- How much air pressure in rig tires?
120-150psi
423- What is the difference between basket grapple and spiral grapple?
- Spiral grapple is formed as a left hand helix with tapered exterior to confirm with
helically section in bow.
IF the fish diameter is near the maximum catch of overshot a spiral grapple is used
IF the fish diameter is considerably below the maximum catch size (usually a ½ ") a basket
grapple is used.
The difference between hydrostatic pressure of drilling mud and the formation pressure, it
is very important to provide an overbalance to prevent formation fluids from entering well
bore while drilling operation.
My best wishes
Tamer Kotb