PURPOSIVE

COMMUNICATION
TEACHER CATHY
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

Demonstrate an Relate your personal

understanding of experience with the
the key ideas in input presented.
language and
communication;
and
WHAT IS LANGUAGE?
The simplest way to define language is a system of
communication used by humans. Language can be
spoken or signed, and some have a written form.
 COMMUNICATION
MODELS
One way of thinking about communication process is by looking at the
different communication models available. A model is often abstract. it is
the representation of a real world phenomenon applied to different forms.
the interplay of variables in the model is represented graphically.
1. Aristotle’s Communication Model
 EXAMPLE: a politician (speaker) gives a speech to get
votes from the civilians (audience) at the time of
election. The civilians only if they are influenced by the
things the politician says in his speech so the content
must be very impressive to influence the mass and the
speaker must design the message very carefully.
 2. Laswell‘s Model of Communication

In 1948, Harold Dwight Laswell described communication as being

focused on the following W’s;

Who says What in Which channel to Whom and with What the whole process of
communication begins with the communicator (who) sending out the message (what) using a
medium (in which channel) for a receiver (to whom) experiencing an effect (with what effect)
afterwards. The process may be analyzed through the context sent, the medium used , as
well as the effect of the recipient of the message.
According to Laswell there are three functions for communication;

1. surveillance for environment

2. correlation of components of society

3. cultural transmission between generations

example: CNN News - A water leak from Japan‘s tsunami -crippled nuclear power
station resulted in about 100 times the permitted level of radioactive material
flowing into the sea, operator Tokyo Electric Power Co said on Saturday.
 3. Shannon-Weaver’s Communication Model

In 1949, Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver introduced another model
which was originally conceptualized for the functioning of the radio and
television and later on adopted in the field of communication. According to
Flores (2016) , this is also called the “Telephone Model” since it was developed
because of technology
 4. Berlo‘s Communication Model.

David K. Berlo's Model of Communication

focuses on four elements, namely: the
Source (S), the Message (M), the Channel
(C), and the Receiver (R). Under each of
these are different factors that affect the
communication process. This model is an
example of a linear model of communication.
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
a process by which people send messages or exchange ideas or
thoughts with one another in a verbal and non-verbal manner

is the process of people reacting to various attitudes and behaviors

of other individuals

comes from the Latin word “communicare” meaning to share, to unite,

or to have things min common.

“communnis” means commonness

COMMUNICATION
The art of creating and sharing of ideas for a
specific purpose. It comes in any forms:

verbal: language, sounds, and tone of voice

aural: hearing and listening

non-verbal: body language and facial expression

written: journal, email, blog, , text message

visual: signs, symbols, pictures, graphics, emoji

 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Verbal Communication: includes the use of symbols that have
universal meanings and can be classified as spoken or written.

1. Intrapersonal communication- is communication expressed through

self-talk. This involves personal thoughts and emotions.

2. Interpersonal communication- is communicatin between two people( dyadic)

or a small group of individuals (also known as small group discussion).

3. Public communication- is one person speaking in front of an audience. The

magnitute or size may be limited or numerous.

4. Mass Communication- is communication that takes place through a technology

such as the social network/internet, television, radio, and newspaper.
 Non-verbal Communication: it is an oversimplification to say that non-
verbal communication is communication without words because written
words are perceived as “verbal” but there is a lack of sound element
attached to it. Hence, words in no-verbal communication are still involved
however speaking is not included.

TYPES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

1. Silence: conveys meanings to the spectators that can be seen in a person who is
quietly yet busy, a person who is contemplating, grieving, not to be disturbed, or
being in a difficult situation.

2. Body language (gesture) is employed in two ways

unconscious movement
conscious movement
 3. Facial expression: is manifested to evoke certain emotions such as happy, joyful,
sad, frustration, and many other facial movements.

4. Paralanguage or use of voice: is detected in loud, or faint sounds to provide

authority or emphasis to the volume of the words.

5. Touch (hug, kiss, handshake) : in some cultures is a symbol of affection but

may not be allowed in certain communities.

6. Space & distance: indicate the importance of a person. Distance signifies the
intimacy and peronal acceptance in some cultures and in others not.

7. Clothes and personal appearance; provide a quick personal surveillance of the

person’s age, interest, personality, sex, attitude, social standing, or rligious affiliation.

8. Symbols: are general graphical presentation so that people will be guided

accordingly such as traffic signs, mathematical problems, medical, and other fields
of specialoty (Rasel, 2013).
 PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
Sender: generates an idea in mind.

Idea: is converted into words, pictures, sounds, symbols, or actions.

(encoding the idea)

Encoded Idea: is transmitted to the receiver

Receiver: receives the encoded message through the senses and

perceives it in the mind.

Receiver: decodes or converts the messages back into meaningful ideas and
his own mind.
 EXTENDED COMMUNICATION
involves the use of electronic media
Examples:

Email
Video conferencing
Live video
Social media
Blogs
Live chat

Telephones
 ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
the focus is on the role that communication plays in organizational context.
two types of organizational structures
1. formal structure: allows communication to take place via designated channels
of message flow between positions in the organization. This may make use of
four approaches:

downward communication horizontal communication

upward communication crosswise communication

2. Informal communication: comes from unofficial channels of message flow. Also

known as “grapevine,” messages coming from the different levels of the organization
are transmitted.