INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 13857

Second edition
2019-10

Safety of machinery — Safety distances

to prevent hazard zones being reached
by upper and lower limbs
Sécurité des machines — Distances de sécurité empêchant les
membres supérieurs et inférieurs d'atteindre les zones dangereuses

Reference number
ISO 13857:2019(E)

© ISO 2019
ISO 13857:2019(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2019

Website: www.iso.org

ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ISO 13857:2019(E)

Contents
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Safety distances to prevent reach or access by upper and lower limbs ...................................................... 2
........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
........................................................................................................................................................................ 2
................................................................................................................................................................ 2
.................................................................................................. 3
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3
...............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................. 6
.................................................................................................................................... 8
.............................................. 10
............................................................................................... 11
................................................................................................................................. 13
Annex A Use of Tables 1 and 2 with intermediate values.......................................................................14
Annex B Distances to impede free access by lower limbs ......................................................................18
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................20

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii

ISO 13857:2019(E)

Foreword

www.iso.org/directives).

www.iso ).

www.iso
.org/iso/foreword.html.
Safety of machinery.

www.iso.org/members.html.

iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ISO 13857:2019(E)

Introduction

type-A standards

b) type-B standards

c) type-C standards

process of this document.

precedence.

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved v

ISO 13857:2019(E)

vi © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13857:2019(E)

Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard

zones being reached by upper and lower limbs

1 Scope

limbs (see ).

).

2 Normative references

Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction

ISO 12100:2010

https://www.iso.org/obp
http://www .org/

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 1

ISO 13857:2019(E)

3.1
protective structure

3.2
reference plane

3.3
safety distance

sr

4 Safety distances to prevent reach or access by upper and lower limbs

4.1 General

4.1.1 Assumptions

4.1.2 Risk assessment

4.1.2.1 General

sr

4.1.2.2 Selection of safety distances when reaching upwards and reaching over

protective structures (see

2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ISO 13857:2019(E)

or

4.2 Safety distances to prevent access by upper limbs

4.2.1 Reaching upwards

4.2.1.1 General

Figure 1

4.2.1.2 Height of the hazard zone

h
h

Key
1
2
h

Figure 1 — Reaching upwards

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 3

ISO 13857:2019(E)

4.2.2 Reaching over protective structures

4.2.2.1 General
Figure 2

Key
1
2
hh
hps height of protective structure
sh

Figure 2 — Reaching over protective structure

hh hps or sh

4.2.2.2 Values

Figure 2).
NOTE .

4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ISO 13857:2019(E)

Table 1 — Reaching over protective structures — Only minor injuries along with a low
probability of occurrence
Dimensions in millimetres
hps, height of protective structure
hh, height of 1 000 1 200 1 600 1 800 2 000 2 200 2 500
the point of
the hazard
zone which
is nearest to sh, horizontal safety distance of the point of the hazard zone which is nearest to the area
the area of of upper limb reach
upper limb
reach
2 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0
2 200 600 600 500 500 350 250 0 0
2 000 1 100 900 700 600 500 350 0 0 0
1 800 1 100 1 000 900 900 600 0 0 0 0
1 600 1 300 1 000 900 900 500 0 0 0 0
1 300 1 000 900 800 100 0 0 0 0
1 200 1 000 900 500 0 0 0 0 0
1 000 1 000 900 300 0 0 0 0 0
800 1 300 900 600 0 0 0 0 0 0
600 1 200 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 200 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
200 1 100 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 100 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Figure 2).
NOTE .

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 5

ISO 13857:2019(E)

Table 2 — Reaching over protective structures

Dimensions in millimetres
hps, height of protective structure
hh, height of 1 000 1 200 1 600 1 800 2 000 2 200 2 500 2 700
the point of
the hazard
zone which
is nearest to sh horizontal safety distance of the point of the hazard zone which is nearest to the area
the area of of upper limb reach
upper limb
reach
2 700 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 600 900 800 700 600 600 500 300 100 0
1 100 1 000 900 800 700 600 300 100 0
2 200 1 300 1 200 1 000 900 800 600 300 0 0
2 000 1 300 1 100 900 800 600 0 0 0
1 800 1 500 1 100 900 800 600 0 0 0 0
1 600 1 500 1 100 900 800 500 0 0 0 0
1 500 1 100 900 800 0 0 0 0 0
1 200 1 500 1 100 900 700 0 0 0 0 0
1 000 1 500 1 000 800 0 0 0 0 0 0
800 1 500 1 300 900 600 0 0 0 0 0 0
600 1 300 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
200 1 200 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 100 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.
b

4.2.3 Reaching around

6 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ISO 13857:2019(E)

Table 3 — Reaching around with limitation of movement

Dimensions in millimetres
Safety distance to
Limitation of movement Illustration
hazard zone, sr

Arm supported up to elbow

Arm supported up to wrist

Key
A
sr

opening.

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 7

ISO 13857:2019(E)

4.2.4 Reaching through openings

4.2.4.1 Reaching through regular openings — Persons of 14 years of age and above
sr

Table 4 — Reaching through regular openings — Persons of 14 years of age and above
Dimensions in millimetres
Part of body Illustration Opening Safety distance to hazard zone, sr
Slot Square Round

Fingertip e

Finger up to
e

e
Arm up to

shoulder
e

4.2.4.2 Reaching through regular openings — Persons of 3 years of age and above

8 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ISO 13857:2019(E)

Table 5 — Reaching through regular openings — Persons of 3 years of age and above
Dimensions in millimetres
Part of body Illustration Opening Safety distance to hazard zone, sr
Slot Square Round

Fingertip e

Finger up to
e

e
Arm up to

shoulder
e

4.2.4.3 Openings of irregular shape

Figures 3

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 9

ISO 13857:2019(E)

b) Using

a) b)
Key
1
2
3

Figure 3 — Openings of irregular shape

4.2.5 Effect of additional protective structures on safety distances

In to 5

6.

10 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ISO 13857:2019(E)

Table 6 — Reaching around with additional protective structures

Dimensions in millimetres
Safety distance to
Limitation of movement Illustration
hazard zone, sr
sr1
sr2
-
sr3
tures — one permits move-

movement from the elbow.

sr3
s
-
-

Key
sr

4.3 Safety distances to prevent access by lower limbs

to 6 for the upper limbs. Where it is

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 11

ISO 13857:2019(E)

Table 7 — Reaching through openings of regular shape by lower limbs

Dimensions in millimetres
Safety distance to hazard zone, sr
Part of lower limb Illustration Opening
Slot Square or round

e 0 0

Toe tip

e 0

Toe e

Foot

e b

e c b

e c c

Leg (toe tip to crotch)

e c

NOTE Slot openings with e e

12 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ISO 13857:2019(E)

4.4 Consideration of whole body access

e
e

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 13

ISO 13857:2019(E)

Annex A

Use of Tables 1 and 2 with intermediate values

is used.

hps hh sh.

Assumptions:

hh

sh

hps

For hh,
hh
sh = 800 mm is selected.

hps

14 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ISO 13857:2019(E)

Dimensions in millimetres

c .

Figure A.1 — Example 1 — Table 2

sh hh hps.

Assumptions:

hh

hps

sh

hps
hps = 1 600 mm.
hh
hh
sh is 1 000 mm.

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 15

ISO 13857:2019(E)

Dimensions in millimetres

c .

Figure A.2 — Example 2 — Table 2

hh hps sh .

Assumptions:

sh

hps

hh

hps
hps = 1 800 mm.
sh
Figure A.3.
hh

16 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ISO 13857:2019(E)

Dimensions in millimetres

c .
d

e Not possible.

Figure A.3 — Example 3 — Table 2

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 17

ISO 13857:2019(E)

Annex B

Distances to impede free access by lower limbs

h ).

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

Key
1
2
3 protective structure
h height up to protective structure
l

Figure B.1 — Impeding free movement under protective structures

h
h should be used.

18 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

 ISO 13857:2019(E)

Table B.1 — Distances where access of the lower limbs is restricted

Dimensions in millimetres
Height Distance
h l
up to protective Case 1 Case 2 Case 3
structure
h
h
h
h
h
NOTE Slot openings with e e

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 19

ISO 13857:2019(E)

Bibliography

Basic human body measurements for technological design

Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces
Safety of machinery — Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds of
parts of the human body
Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for
design and selection
Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction

Safety of machinery — Risk assessment — Part 2: Practical guidance and

Safety of machinery — Anthropometric requirements for the design of workstations at

machinery
Robotics — Safety design for industrial robot systems — Part 2: Manual load/
unload stations

20 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

ISO 13857:2019(E)

© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved