Organizational

Behaviour

- Raj Joshi
Motivation – Theories &
Principles
Motivation – Theories &
Principles
– Motivation is a simple term that may be understood as set of
forces that cause people to behave in a certain way.
– Motivation is a result of processes internal or external to the
individual that allows enthusiasm and persistence to perform
certain cause of action.
Importance of Motivation

– Motivated employee is more quality oriented.

– Motivated workers are more productive and helpful.
– Motivation can be found in the present and in the future
technology required for production.
– Motivation improves efficiency and reduces attrition.
Challenges of Motivation

– One reason why motivation is challenging because the work force

is ever changing and replaced.
– Employee joins the organisation with different needs and
expectation. Their values, beliefs, background, lifestyle, perception
and attitude are different.
– Motivation is also different when the firm or organisation has
dramatically changed the jobs, level of hierarchy and has done a
lot of downsizing. This has damaged the level of trust and
commitment of employees. Also some organisation has resorted
to hire and fire and Pay for performance strategy almost given up
motivation efforts.
Challenges of Motivation

– This dynamic change of needs often poses challenge to any

manager in motivating his/her subordinate
Motivation Models
Early Theories
Human Relation Model
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Theory
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory /
2 Factor Theory
Alderfers ERG Theory
Alderfers ERG Theory

– A Modification to Maslow’s theory was proposed by Clayton

Alderfer. Alderfer’s view on motivation rose from result of a
questionnaire given to 100 employees at several levels in a bank.
– He concluded that there are 3 factors that are required for
motivation, i.e. Existence, Relatedness and Growth.
Alderfers ERG Theory
Achievement – Motivation
Theory
– This theory was developed by David. C. McClelland and his
associates in 1940’s where he studied that human behaviour,
power, affiliation and achievements are interrelated and is
associated with motivated employees.
Achievement – Motivation Theory
Goal Setting Theory
Goal Setting Theory

– This theory proposes that a goal serves as motivation because it

causes people to focus their inputs and their
– jobs. Goals should be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic
and Time Bound. (SMART)
Thank You