MUTHAMIL PUBLIC SCHOOL

Ambai Road,Muneerpallam, Tirunelveli-627356

AN INVESTIGATORY PROJECT REPORT ON SETTING OF
CEMENT"
Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirement For Higher
Secondary Projects (CBSE)
2023-2024

SUBMITTED BY
M. H. SHRIN SALIHA, ROLL NO:
CLASS- XII
January 2024

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr.BENIE JOSEPH
Department of Chemistry
Muthamil Public School

Ambai Road, Muneerpallam, Tirunelveli-627356

 MUTHAMIL PUBLIC SCHOOL

Ambai Road, Muneerpallam,Tirunelveli-627356

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Master/Miss M. H. SHRINSALIHA

of Class XII (Roll No: )has prepared an investigatory project
report entitled SETTING OF CEMENT" Further this is a bonafide

project work, done under the guidance of the subject teacher. This
bonafide project work is the result of the student's individual efforts and
endeavours. The report is worthy of acceptance as final project report for
the subject chemistry of class XII. And it has been prepared as per the
guidelines issued by CBSE.

SIGNATURE OF THE PRINCIPAL SIGNATURE OF THE TEACHER

Mrs. MARY RANI Mr.BENIE JOSEPH

 MUTHAMIL PUBLIC SCHOOL

Ambai Road, Muneerpallam, Tirunelveli-627356

CERTIFICATE

This project entitled "SETTING OF CEMENT", prepared by

Ms. M.H.SHRIN SALIHA of Class XII with the Roll No:
has been submitted for the CBSE Senior Secondary practical Examination
for the subject Chemistry at Muthamil Public School, Ambai Road,
Muneerpallam Tirunelveli-627356. And the same has been examined on :

SIGNATURE OF EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 MUTHAMIL PUBLIC SCHOOL

Ambai Road, Muneerpallam, Tirunelveli-627356

DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT

Ihereby declare that the project work entitled SETTING OF

CEMENT", submitted to Department of Chemistry, Muthamil Public
School is prepared by me. All the information, analysis and observations
are the result of my personal efforts and my indebtedness to the related

publications, project works and references, if any, have been duly

acknowledged.

M.H.SHRIN SALIHA
Roll No:
CLASS XII
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly,I would like to thank God for being able to complete this chemistry
project with success.

Iam very grateful to everyone who supported me to complete my project

effectively and mnoreover on time. My deep acknowledgment and
gratitude go to all those who helped me present these ideas well.
I would like to express my whole hearted thanks to our Chairman Mr.
T. Amaravel Babu or providing best facilities and technical
environment which helped me to complete this project work.

Iexpress my sincere thanks to my principal Mrs.Mary Rani for her

support and for all the facilities provided for the preparation of this
project work

Iextend my sincere thanks to my teacher Mr.Benie josephwho guided

me to the successful completion of this project. I take this opportunity to
express my deep sense of gratitude for their individual guidance, constant
encouragement and immense motivation which have sustained my efforts
at all stages of this project work.

Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped
me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.

M.H.SHRIN SALIHA
Roll No:
CLASS XII
 INDEX
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
INTRODUCTION
THEORY

>EFFECT OF QUALITY OF SAND ON

SETTING OF CEMENT MORTAR
CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING
USING CEMENT
PORTLAND CEMENT
> EFFECT OF TIME ON SETTING OF
CEMENT MORTAR

LAPPARATUSREQUIRED
PROCEDURE
LOBSERVATION
ICONCLUSION
PRECAUTIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1
 AIM OF THE
EXPERIMENT

To study the setting of mixture of

cement with sand time and fly ash with
respect to time and strength
 INTRODUCTION
In the most general sense of the word, CEMENT is a
binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently
and can bind other materials together.
The word "cement' traces to the Romans, who used the
term opus caementicium to describe masonry resembling
modern concrete that was made from crushed rock with
burnt lime as binder. The volcanic ash and a pulverized
brick additive that were added to the burnt lime to
obtain a hydraulic binder were later referred to as
cementum, cimentum, cament and cement.

The most important use of cement is the production of

mortar and concrete.

The bonding of natural or artificial aggregates to

form a strong building materials that is duable n
the face of nornal environment effects.
 THEORY
EFFECTOF QUALITY OF SAND ON
SETTING OF CEMENT MORTAR
Sand obtained from different SOurces has
different qualities For examples, Sea sand
obtained from sea contains unwanted salts and
retards setting of cement and is not suitable
for making mortar
On the other hand, Pit sand is obtained
from pits in the soil and the River sand
obtained from riverbed is considered excellent for
preparing mortar and concrete
 CONSTRUCTION OF
BUILDING USING CEMENT
Cement used in construction is characterized as
hydraulic or non-hydraulic Hydraulic cement (eg
Portland cement) harden because of hydration
chemical reactions that occur independently of
the mixture's water content; they can harden
even underwater or when constantly exposed to
wet weather: The chemical reaction that results
when the anhydrous cement powder is mixed
with water produces hydrates that are not
water soluble Non-hydraulic cements (eg Lime
and Gypsum plaster) must be kept dry in order
to retain their strength
 PORTLAND CEMENT
Cement is made by heating limestone(calcium carbonate),
with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to
1450°C in a kiln, in a process known as calcination, whereby
a molecule of carbon dioxide is liberated from the calcium
carbonate to form calcium oxide, or quicklime, which is then
blended with the other materials that have been in the mix
The resulting hard substance, called 'clinker', is then ground
with a small amount of gypsum in a powder to make
'Ordinary Portland Cement', the most commonly used type
of cement (offered referred to as OPC)· Portland cement is
a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar and non specialty
grout The most common use for Portland cement is in the
production of concrete Concrete is a composite material
consisting of aggregate (gravel and sand), cement and water:

Portlund Cement
EFFECTOF TIME ON SETTING
OF CEMENT MORTAR
Time has an important role on strength of developed
cement mortar: When a cemnent mixture in the ratio
of 1:3 with water is allowed to dry, the strength of
solid mass keeps on increasing with the time given for
setting lt acquires a nearly full strength in 28 days
 APPARATUS REQURED

800

PrREX -600 500

PrREX 4D0
20
DFEX

BEAKERS
BEAKERS

WEIGHTBOX MATCH BOK

 LIMESTONE

CEMENT FLY ASH

 PROCEDURE
3

1. Prepare mixtures of various compositions as given in

Observation table.
2.Take each of the given mixtures in different beakers
and prepare their pastes by adding minimum
amount of water.
3.Take nine cases of empty match boxes and mark
from 1 to 9.
4. Fill the three cases with the paste of each
composition.
5.Spray water from time to time over the paste, so
that they remain moist allthe time.
6. After three days, take out one slab of each
composition and test their strengths.
7.Similarly, take out a set of three slabs after 7 days
after 30 days respectively and test their strengths.
 OBSERVATION

S COMPOSITION MINIMUM
NO. OF MIXTURE AND WEIGHT TO
RATIO BREAK THESLAB
AFTER
3 7 10
DAYS DAYS DAYS

CEMENT:RIVER
01.
SAND
18g 20g 30g
(1:3)
CEMENT:RIVER
(02.
SAND:FLY ASH
16g 18g 26g
(2:9:1)
03. CEMENT:RIVER 10g 15g 20g
SAND:LIME
(1:3:1)
 CONCILUSION

THE STRENGTH OF THE SLAB

INCREASES WITH INCREASE IN THE
SETTING TIME ALLOWED.
PRECAUTIONS

Safetymatters
Handle the glass wares carefully
Allow the time required to set
Spray only required amount of
water
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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