2

Section A

Answer one question from this section.

1 (a) Study Fig. 1.1, which shows information about the population structures of Africa, Asia and
Europe in 2018.

0%
90 10
0%
80 20 90 10
80 20
70 30
60 40 70 30
50
Europe
Europe 60 40
50
0% Asia
90 10
80 20

70 30
60 40
50
Africa

Key
percentage of total population

0–24 years

25– 49 years

50 years and over

Fig. 1.1

(i) Define the term population structure.

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(ii) Complete Fig. 1.1 using the following information about the population of Europe.

age (years) percentage of total population

25–49 35

50 and over 38
[2]

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(b) Study Fig. 1.2, which is a population pyramid of Japan (an MEDC in Asia).

male age female

(years)
95–99
90–94
85–89 old
80–84 dependent
75–79
70–74
65–69
60–64
55–59
50–54
45–49
economically
40–44
active
35–39
30–34
25–29
20–24
15–19
10–14 young
5–9 dependent
0–4
10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10
percentage of total population

Fig. 1.2

(i) Describe three features of Japan’s population structure which are typical of an MEDC.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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3 ........................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Explain why the percentage of young dependents in an LEDC is likely to be larger than
that of Japan.

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© UCLES 2022 0460/12/O/N/22 [Turn over

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(c) For a named country you have studied, describe the difficulties which result from having a
large dependent population.

Name of country ..........................................

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[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2022 0460/12/O/N/22