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CFAS Summarized Notes
CFAS Summarized Notes
- Assist primary users in making decisions about providing resources to the reporting entity.
- Primary users include management, creditors, suppliers, and the general public, but the framework
primarily caters to investors and lenders.
- Primary users make decisions regarding the provision of resources to the reporting entity.
- Information required includes financial position and changes in a reporting entity's resources and
claims.
- Financial performance can be measured using accrual accounting or cash flow information.
- Financial performance can be assessed using accrual accounting or cash flow information.
- Essential for evaluating management's stewardship function over the entity's assets.
- Assess how management protects valuable assets and ensures compliance with laws and regulations.
- Primary focus is on providing information about changes to resources and claims, both from financial
performance and outside of it.
Major Takeaways:
- Qualitative characteristics of useful financial information will be discussed in the next chapter.
1. Relevance
2. Faithful Representation
2. Completeness
3. Neutrality
- Absence of bias
1. Comparability
2. Verifiability
3. Timeliness
4. Understandability
- Financial reports should be comprehensible to users with reasonable knowledge of business and
economic activities
Important Note:
- Single entity.
- Portion of an entity.
- Multiple entities.
Reporting Period:
1. Assets:
2. Liabilities:
- Opposite of assets.
3. Equity:
Additional Concepts:
- Unit of Account:
- How assets and liabilities are grouped for financial reporting purposes.
- Executory Contracts:
Major Takeaways:
Recognition:
- Process of including items in financial statements meeting the definition of the elements.
- Involves depicting the item in the statements with a monetary amount.
Derecognition (D recognition):
- Removal of recognized assets or liabilities when they no longer meet the definition.
Measurement Uncertainty:
Derecognition Examples:
Chapter 6: Measurement
Introduction to Measurement:
Measurement Bases:
- Current value measurement bases include fair value, value in use, fulfillment value, and current cost.
- Characteristics of assets and liabilities and their impact on future cash flows affect relevance.
Measurement of Equity:
- While total equity is not directly measured, components like total par value of shares are measured
directly.
Key Insights:
- Emphasis on choosing the right measurement basis for accuracy and usefulness.
- Different measurement bases provide diverse perspectives on asset and liability values.
- Fair value, determined by market participants, differs from historical cost and is not affected by
transaction costs.
- Value in use and fulfillment value are entity-specific, considering the present value of expected cash
flows.
- Distinction between entry values (historical cost and current cost) and exit values (fair value and value
in use).
- Emphasizes presentation and disclosure objectives and principles over strict rules.
Classification:
- Involves grouping similar items and separating dissimilar items for better presentation and disclosure.
Aggregation:
- Should be done carefully to avoid excessive aggregation that conceals relevant information.
Offsetting:
Key Insights:
- Recognition of the need for classification to present and disclose financial position and performance
accurately.
- Striking a balance between providing necessary detail and avoiding excessive detail in financial
statements.
- Framework allows flexibility in reporting while requiring comparable information for meaningful
analysis.
- Financial concept: Capital as net assets or the difference between assets and liabilities.
- Physical concept: Capital as the productive capacity of the entity, measured by units of output per day.
- Entities can choose between the financial and physical concepts of capital based on the users' needs.
- Profit if ending net assets are greater than beginning net assets (excluding owner investments and
distributions).
- Profit earned only if physical productive capacity at the end exceeds that at the beginning.
- Physical concept requires the adoption of the current cost basis of measurement.