ME 366 DETAILED SOLUTIONS TO TUTORIAL PROBLEMS, 2020/2021 ACADEMIC YEAR.

UNIT 2
SELF ASSESSMENT 1-2 (Pages 38-40)
Unit 2, Problem 1
1 L glass L stagnat air 1 1 0.003 0.012 0.003 1
R th = + + + = + + + + = 0.25385
h i A k glass k air A h o A 10x2.4 0.78x2.4 0.026x2.4 0.78x2.4 25x 2.4

 = ΔT = (T1 − To ) = (T1 − Ts1 ) = (24 − (−5)) =114 W  T = T −114xR = 24 − 4..75000038 =19.2 0 C.
Q si 1 fi
R th R th R fi 0.25385

Unit 2, Problem 2.
Properties: The thermal conductivities of various materials used are given to be kA = kF = 2, kB = 8, kC
= 20, kD = 15, and kE = 35 W/m°C.
Analysis: The representative surface area is A = 012
.  1 = 012
. m 2 and the equivalent electrical network is
as shown below:
R2
R1 R5 R7
R3
R6
R4

(a) The thermal resistance network and the individual thermal resistances are
 L  0.01 m
R1 = R A =   = = 0.04167 C/W
 kA  A (2 W/m.C) (0.12 m )
2

 L  0.05 m
R2 = R4 = RC =   = = 0.0625 C/W
 kA  C (20 W/m.C) (0.04 m )
2

 L  0.05 m
R3 = RB =   = = 0.1563 C/W
 kA  B (8 W/m.C) (0.04 m )
2

 L  0.1 m
R5 = RD =   = = 0.1111 C/W
 kA  D (15 W/m. C) (0.06 m )
o 2

 L  0.1 m
R6 = RE =   = = 0.0476 o C/W
 kA E (35 W/m. C) ( 0.06 m 2
)
 L  0.06 m
R7 = RF =   = = 0.25 C/W
 kA  F (2 W/m.C) (0.12 m )
2

ME 366 SOLUTIONS MANUAL Professor F.K. Forson May, 2021

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 ME 366 DETAILED SOLUTIONS TO TUTORIAL PROBLEMS, 2020/2021 ACADEMIC YEAR.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= + + = + + ⎯
⎯→ R mid,1 = 0.026 C/W
R mid,1 R 2 R 3 R 4 0.0625 0.1563 0.0625
1 1 1 1 1
= + = + ⎯
⎯→ R mid, 2 = 0.033 C/W
R mid, 2 R 5 R 6 0.1111 0.0467
R total = R 1 + R mid,1 + R mid, 2 + R 7 + R 8 = 0.04167 + 0.026 + 0.033 + 0.25
= 0.35067 C/W
 = T1 − T 2 = (300 − 100)C = 570.34 W (for a 0.12 m  1 m section)
Q
R total 0.35067 C/W
Then steady rate of heat transfer through entire wall becomes
 (5 m)(8 m)
Q total = (570.34 W) 2
= 1.90  10 5 W
0.12 m
(b) The total thermal resistance between left surface and the point where the sections B, D, and E meet
is
R total = R 1 + R mid,1 = 0.04167 + 0.026 = 0.06767 C/W
Then the temperature at the point where The sections B, D, and E meet becomes
 = T1 − T ⎯⎯→ T = T1 − QR
Q total = 300C − (57.34 W)(0.06767 C/W) = 261C
R total
(c) The temperature drop across the section F can be determined from
Q = T ⎯ ⎯→ T = Q R = (570.34W)(0.25 C/W) = 142.6C
F
RF
Unit 2, Problem 3.
Properties: The thermal conductivities are given to be k = 15 W/m°C for steel and k = 0.038 W/m°C
for glass wool insulation
Analysis: The inner and the outer surface areas of the insulated pipe per unit
length are
Ai = Di L =  (0.05 m)(1 m) = 0157
. m2
Ao = Do L =  (0.055 + 0.06 m)(1 m) = 0.361 m2
Ri R1 R2 Ro
The individual thermal resistances are T1 T2
1 1 0.08 C/W
Ri = = =
hi Ai (80 W/m .C) (0.157 m )
2 2
L
ln(r2 / r1 ) ln(2.75 / 2.5) 0.00101 C/W
R1 = R pipe = = =
2k1 L 2 (15 W/m.C) (1 m) L
ln(r3 / r2 ) ln(5.75 / 2.75) 3.089 C/W
R2 = Rinsulation = = =
2k 2 L 2 (0.038 W/m.C) (1 m) L
1 1 0.1847 C/W
Ro = = =
ho Ao (15 W/m .C) (0.361 m )
2 2
L
0.08 0.00101 3.089 0.1847 3.355 C/W
Rtotal = Ri + R1 + R2 + Ro = + + + =
L L L L L
ME 366 SOLUTIONS MANUAL Professor F.K. Forson May, 2021
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 ME 366 DETAILED SOLUTIONS TO TUTORIAL PROBLEMS, 2020/2021 ACADEMIC YEAR.

Then the steady rate of heat loss from the steam per metre. pipe length becomes
 T1 − T 2 (320 − 5)C
Q
= = = 93.9 W/m
L Rtotal 3.355 C/W
The temperature drops across the pipe and the insulation are

Tpipe = QR pipe = ( 93.9 W)(0.00101  C / W) = 0.095 C

Tinsulation = QRinsulation = ( 93.9 W)(3.089  C / W) = 290 C

Unit 2 Problem 4
For the furnace wall, we determine the overall heat transfer coefficient based on a unit area as follows
1 1 L fb L ib L bb 1 0.25 0.125 0.25
= + + + = + + + =1.2606 W/m 2
U h o k fb k ib k bb 10 1.4 0.2 0.7
Therefore per unit area is
1
q = U ΔT = U(Tinside − Toutside ) = (600 − 20) = 460 W/m 2
1.2606
The outside temperature of the wall, t, 10(t- 20) = 460, hence t = 66 0C
Unit 2 Problem 5
1 0.00008 0.025
R th = + −3
+ −3
=1.444m 2 K/kW
h 1.05x10 50x10
ΔT 350 − 95
q = = =176.6 kW/m 2
R th 1.444
Unit 2 Problem 6
The new effective resistance will be 1.444 +35 m2/kW = 36.444 m2/kW
And q = (350-95)/36.444 = 7 kW/m2
Unit 2 Problem 7
For the window the thermal resistance is given by
1 1 L tg 1 1 0.0015
R th = + + = + + = 0.070314 K/W
h i A h o A k tg A 8.5x2.16 31x2.16 0.76x2.16
For a temperature change of 1K the heat flow through the window will be1/0.070314 = 14.22 W
1 1 0.25 0.01 0.005 0.16
Total resistance of the external wall is R total = + + + + +
8.5x 7.84 31x7.84 0.45x7.84 0.14x7.84 0.86x7.84 7.84
R total = 0.12360 K/W
For a temperature change of 1 K, the heat flow through the external only will be 1/0.12360 = 8.09 W
14.22
The proportion of heat through the window is given by x100% = 63.8%
(14.22 + 8.09)

ME 366 SOLUTIONS MANUAL Professor F.K. Forson May, 2021

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 ME 366 DETAILED SOLUTIONS TO TUTORIAL PROBLEMS, 2020/2021 ACADEMIC YEAR.

Unit 2 Problem 8
The thermal resistance of the pipe wall is given by
ln(31/25)
R th = =0.000713 m 2 K/W
2ππx4
Thermal resistance of both fluid films is given by
1 1
R film = + = 0.304276 m 2 K/W
2800x2π800.025 17 x2πx2πx0.031
Total thermal resistance of the system is 0.000713 + 0.304276 = 0.305 m 2 K/W
ΔT (80 − 15)
Heat loss per unit length of the pipe = = = 213W/m = 0.213kW/m
R total 0.305

Unit 2 Problem 9

ln(43/31)
=1.736 m 2 K/W
2ππ 0.03
Thermal resistance of felt = therefore new total resistance = 0.305 + 1.736 = 2.041 m 2 K/W
[213 - (80 - 15)/2.041]
Percentage reduction in heat loss = x 100% = 85.1%
213
Unit 2 Problem 10
For the inner layer, the thermal resistance, R1 = ln(115/75)/{2x3.142x0.09x1}=0.7559 m2K/W

For the outer layer the thermal resistance R2 = ln(140/115)/{2x3.142x0.06x 1}= 0.5218 m2K/W
For the outer surface, the film resistance Rfo= 1/{17x 2x3.142x 0.14x 1}= 0.0668 m2K/W

The total thermal resistance = 0.7559 +0.5218 +0.0669 = 1.3446 m2 K/W

(230 − 20)
Therefore the heat lost per unit length = = 156W/m or 0.156 kW/m
1.3446
The outside surface temperature = 20 + (156x 0.0669) = 30.5 0C

ME 366 SOLUTIONS MANUAL Professor F.K. Forson May, 2021

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 ME 366 DETAILED SOLUTIONS TO TUTORIAL PROBLEMS, 2020/2021 ACADEMIC YEAR.

Unit 2, Problem P11.

The same assumptions hold as in P3 above. The individual thermal resistances are;
R1 R2 R3 Ro
T1 T2

r2 − r1 0.52 − 0.5
R 1 = R steel = = = 0.000128 C/W
4π  k 1 r1 r2 4π  48  0.52  0.5
r −r 0.545 − 0.52
R 2 = R vermiculite = 3 2 = = 0.1494 C/W
4π  k 2 r2 r3 4π  0.047  0.545  0.52
r −r 0.555 − 0.545
R 3 = R asbestos = 4 3 = = 0.01253 C/W
4π  k 3 r4 r3 4π  0.21 0.545  0.555
1 1
R o = R conv = = = 0.01292 C/W
h o A o 20  4π  (0.555)2
R total = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 + R o = 0.000128 + 0.1494 + 0.01253 + 0.01292 = 0.17498 C/W

 = T1 − T = 500 − 20 = 2743 W = 2.743 kW

Q
R total 0.17498
Unit 2 Problem 12
( )
m = 100x 2ππv0.01/2x πx 0.012 = 28.284
then mL = 28.284x 0.1 = 2.8284
and, tanh mL = 0.993
Also h m k = 1 = 00/(2.8264x 24) = 0.141
 h 
 1 + m k tanhmL 
 = hPkA (θ )tanh mL
Q 
b
1 + h tanh mL 
 m k 
 0.141 
 1+ 
 = 100x 2ππ 0.01x24xπ. 0.012 (250) x0.993 0.993
Q  = 54.134 W
 1 + 0.141x0.993 
 
 = 100x 250x[0.032 − (ππx0.02 )] =14.645 W
For the base per pitch, Q
Heat loss per 1 m 2 of studded surface (54.134 + 14.645)/(0.032 ) = 76421 W/m 2 = 76.42 kW/m 2

ME 366 SOLUTIONS MANUAL Professor F.K. Forson May, 2021

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 ME 366 DETAILED SOLUTIONS TO TUTORIAL PROBLEMS, 2020/2021 ACADEMIC YEAR.

Unit 2 Problem 13

i.) m = 2x40/(26x0.003) = 32.026

and mL = 32.026x 0.03 = 0.9608
therefore fin efficiency = tanh mL/mL = tanh(0.9608)/0.9608 = 77.5%
ii.) pitch of fins =100/12.5 = 8 mm = 0.008 m
therefore base surface area per fin = (0.008 - 0.003)x 1 m 2 = 0.005 m 2
neglecting the tip of the fin the surface area per metre length along each fin = 2x0.03 = 0.06 m 2
heat lost per fin per metre length of the primary surface = 40 x 280(0.005 + 0.775x 0.06) = 576.8 W
Also number of fins in 1 metre square area = 12.5 x 10 = 125
heat lost for 1 mete square = 576.8 x125 = 72100 W = 72.1 kW
Δt tip 1 1
iii.) = = = 0.6675
Δt base cosh mL cosh (0.9608)
i.e. temperature at the tip = 20 + (300 - 20)x 0.6675 = 206.9 0 C
Unit 2 Problem 14

Unit 2 Problem 15

Unit 2 Problem 16

ME 366 SOLUTIONS MANUAL Professor F.K. Forson May, 2021

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 ME 366 DETAILED SOLUTIONS TO TUTORIAL PROBLEMS, 2020/2021 ACADEMIC YEAR.

UNIT 2 MCQs SOLUTION

1.

2. T1
T2
A B

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8. ,060.792

9.

10.

ME 366 SOLUTIONS MANUAL Professor F.K. Forson May, 2021

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