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Paper Presentation

Biblical Foundations for Evangelical Theology in the Third World

Submitted to: Prof. Rev. Dr. K. Hibou Khumba

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Course “Asian Theology”

For the Degree of Master of Divinity III

Submitted by: Khole B

Regd. 1339

On: March, 19, 2024

Chil Chil Global University

Kanglatongbi, Manipur, India

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 Introduction

Wilson W. Chow’s research on Biblical Foundations for Evangelical Theology in

underprivileged regions analyses how biblical principles shape theological perspectives in the
face of socio-economic and cultural challenges. By uncovering truths in the scriptures, Chow
offers theological insights that address the specific contexts of marginalized communities,
promoting inclusivity and empowering marginalized voices in evangelical theology.

Facing the Context

Evangelicals face a challenge to reassess theology, its task, and construction methodologies
in their contexts. Many are already involved in theological reflection globally. Theological
contextualization in Asia has faced obstacles like adherence to tradition, fear of syncretism,
and lack of creativity. Evangelicals should be more open-minded and willing to contribute to
theological awakening in Asia. Critics believe evangelicals lack in theology, but this stems
from a limited understanding of theology as a mere formulation of doctrines. We must
consider theology as a reflection on present human life in light of one's faith, requiring a
closer connection between the Bible and context.

Doing our own Theology

Theology in the Third World must develop its own unique theology separate from Western
traditions. This involves studying and understanding Western theology, but not replacing the
need for a Third World perspective. The Third World looks towards a Christian future unlike
the secular nature of the West. Theology’s purpose should be focused on mission and
evangelization, intertwined with missiology. Various social, political, economic, cultural, and
religious factors must be considered and addressed. It should engage with other religions and
ideologies from a Christian standpoint. Theology should be a communal effort, with
participation from both Christian fellowship and society. Relevance and biblical principles
should guide theology, with boundaries to maintain integrity. The challenge lies in tackling
the fundamental issues in contextualizing theology.

Biblical Foundations

The source of Christian theology is vital for understanding God’s interaction with humanity.
Some theologians believe that all aspects of life contribute to theology, highlighting God’s
dealings with humans. Conversely, evangelicals assert that the Bible alone is the source of

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theology, as it contains divine revelation. They view the Bible as the foundation and sole
witness to God’s redemptive acts throughout history. Other theologians consider various
formative factors such as experience, revelation, scripture, tradition, culture, and reason.
While some prioritize revelation, there is no clear commitment to the Bible as the normative
source. Additionally, theologians rely on tools like experience, analysis, and the Bible for
theological reflection. It is crucial to emphasize the indispensability of the Word of God, as
many theologies claim it as a primary source but fail to incorporate it in practice. Apart from
the source of theology, three fundamental factors influence its development: the guidance of
the Holy Spirit, a life of worship and obedience to God, and the context in which theologians
find themselves. Overall, the source of Christian theology is a complex topic, considering
various perspectives and influencing factors.

Start with Text or Context

The issue of text and context in theology is explored in this text. It emphasizes the
importance of starting with the text, as scripture forms the basis of Christian faith. The
meaning of God’s redemptive activities throughout biblical history, culminating in Jesus
Christ, is key to understanding the text. The Bible speaks to every age and situation, and the
context must be carefully constructed to express what the Bible says to a particular situation.
Presuppositions and personal context can shape one’s understanding of the text, but biblical
exegesis is necessary for sound interpretation. The theology of liberation is discussed as a
response to poverty, oppression, and injustice in the world, but it must be grounded in a deep
conviction and understanding of the gospel message. Understanding what the Bible says
about topics like poverty and social justice informs theological reflection. The task of
interpreting the text is important, as misinterpretations can contradict scripture. The Exodus
from Egypt is used as an example to illustrate the importance of understanding the original
meaning and significance of biblical events. It is not merely about liberation, but also about
becoming God’s people and obeying His commands. A true theology of liberation should be
based on the content of the Bible, rather than forcing the text to fit a socio-political
perspective.

Is the Bible Culture Bound?

Theology in the Bible is often debated as to whether it is culture-bound. Some argue for a
Semitic cultural expression due to its historical significance and ties to the early Church.
However, it is incorrect to assume that we can choose from a selection of theological

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expressions in the Bible. The Bible’s unique meaning, value, and significance in its own
cultural context must be preserved. The Hebrew culture consciously rejected pagan practices
and adhered to God’s commandments, adopting certain cultural forms as vessels of divine
revelation. The historical context of the biblical era gives special importance to Semitic
culture as a means of God’s revelation. Christ's incarnation in a specific cultural context
showcases the Absolute within the relative. The gospel message cannot be separated from its
cultural context and reinterpreted in different forms. The cross and atonement are central to
the Christian faith. While the Bible’s form and content aren't identical, cultural forms can
illustrate principles and truths. Hermeneutics seeks to navigate the complexities of
interpreting these cultural forms

What is the Role of the Context?

The Bible is a foundational source for theology. It offers insights into indigenous thought
patterns and remains relevant across time. Understanding the text requires considering the
theologian’s personal experiences and cultural background. Theologians should strike a
balance between interpreting the text and acknowledging their context. They can choose
specific themes to focus on, such as the importance of human relationships in countering
individualism. Theological expressions should address the needs of different contexts, with
sensitivity and creativity. The Bible also provides guidance on modern issues like money,
power, suffering, and culture.

Conclusion

Chow emphasizes the importance of contextualization and relevance in exploring biblical

foundations for evangelical theology in the third world. He raises several questions and
provides guidelines for doing theology. The Bible is considered the primary source for
evangelicals, accompanied by the guidance of the Holy Spirit, obedience to the Word of God,
and personal life situations. Chow addresses the relationship between text and context, stating
that while context is important, theologizing should begin with the text. He acknowledges
that the Bible may be culture bound and suggests identifying cultural forms that exemplify
principles to navigate this complexity. The role of context, according to Chow, is not to serve
as the starting point or normative control, but rather as a bridge between the theologian and
the text. The theologian, engaged in their own context, brings biblical teachings to address
contemporary issues from a biblical perspective.