Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CH 22
CH 22
CH 22
Leadership
Variables
Shaikha
Alhogail
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
• 1.
The
Leadership
Equa9on
• 2.
Leadership
Quali9es
• 3.
Situa9onal
Factors
involving
the
leader
and
followers.
How
does
a
person
become
a
leader?
Shaikha
Alhogail
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
con9ngencies
• Theories
such
as
Trait
Theories,
behavioral
Theories
and
Con9ngency
Theories
explained
some
reasons
behind
the
success
and
effec9veness
of
the
leader's
behavior.
Leadership
Trait
Theory:
Francis
Galton
•
In
keeping
with
the
general
thinking
of
the
period,
Galton
(Sir
Francis
Galton
is
credited
with
being
one
of
the
earliest
leadership
theorists,)
believed
that
leadership
quali9es
were
gene9c
characteris9cs
Shaikha
Alhogail
of
a
family.
Quali9es
such
as
courage
and
wisdom
were
Shaikha
Alhogail
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
•
(3)
High
level
of
personal
energy
Leadership
Trait
Theory:
Edwin
Ghiselli
• One
of
the
most
widely
reported
studies
of
leadership
traits
was
conducted
by
Edwin
Ghiselli,
who
evaluated
over
300
managers
from
90
different
businesses
in
the
United
States.
Ghiselli
iden6fied
six
traits
as
being
important
for
effec6ve
leadership:
• 1.Need
for
achievement
seeking
responsibility;
working
hard
to
Shaikha
Alhogail
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
succeed.
2.
Intelligence
using
good
judgment;
having
good
reasoning
and
thinking
capacity.
• 3.
Decisiveness
making
difficult
decisions
without
undue
hesita9on.
4.
Self-‐confidence—having
apposi9ve
self-‐image
as
a
capable
and
effec9ve
person.
• 5.
Ini9a9ve—being
a
self-‐starter;
gecng
jobs
done
with
minimal
supervision.
• 6.
Supervisory
ability—gecng
the
job
done
through
others.
Leadership
Trait
Theory:
• Exercise
Traits
of
Leadership
• Rate
yourself
(or
a
leader
you
know)
on
the
following
six
traits
for
leadership
effec9veness
by
circling
a
number
from
1
to
10
(1
is
low;
10
is
high).
Shaikha
Alhogail
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
Need
for
achievement
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Intelligence
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Decisiveness
Shaikha
Alhogail
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Self-‐confidence
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ini6a6ve
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Supervisory
ability
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Leadership
Trait
Theory:
• Scoring
and
Interpreta8on:
• Add
all
the
circled
numbers
to
find
the
overall
trait
score:___
Shaikha
Alhogail
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
Shaikha
Alhogail
Leadership
behavior
Theory:
Margot
Morrell
• Margot
Morrell
had
researched
Shackleton’s
Way:
Leadership
Lessons
from
the
Great
Antarc8c
Explorer,
to
present
four
cornerstones
leadership
behavior:
Shaikha
Alhogail
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
1. Leading
by
example
2. Communica9ng
a
vision
3.
Keeping
up
morale
4.
Maintaining
a
posi9ve
actude
• Morrell
concluded
her
research
that
“If
you
look
closely
at
any
successful
leader,
you
will
find
[he
or
she
is]
execu9ng
on
these
four
points.”
Contingency
Theories
• The
con9ngency
theory
states
that
there
are
three
factors
in
1. leader-‐member
rela9ons
2.
task
structure
Shaikha
Alhogail
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
3. posi9on
power
handling
certain
situa9ons.
Contingency
Theories
1. Leader-‐member
rela9ons
Leader-‐member
rela9ons
resemble
the
group
atmosphere
as
well
as
the
degree
of
confidence,
loyalty
and
aTrac9on
that
followers
have
for
their
leader.
Depending
on
the
working
Shaikha
Alhogail
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
environment
whether
it
is
posi9ve
or
nega9ve
the
leader-‐
member
rela9ons
are
important
to
become
an
effec9ve
team
Task
structure
is
the
method
of
which
how
clearly
and
explicitly
tasks
are
conveyed
Contingency
Theories
• Task
structure
Task
structure
is
very
important
in
order
to
give
clear
and
concise
direc9on
about
accomplishments
Shaikha
Alhogail
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
Contingency
Theories
• Posi9on
power
Posi9on
power
is
described
as
the
level
of
authority
that
an
individual
has
to
reward
or
punish
individuals.
This
type
of
power
can
be
very
effec9ve
if
a
leader
is
given
the
authority
Shaikha
Alhogail
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
to
perform
the
aforemen9oned.
However
if
a
leader
is
not
given
the
authority,
this
characteris9c
is
not
effec9ve
at
all
Finally:
1. Trait
theory,
Con9ngency
theory
and
the
behavioral
theory
of
leadership
were
aTempts
to
iden9fy
the
one
best
leader
and
the
one
best
style
for
all
situa9ons.
By
the
late
1960s,
it
became
apparent
that
there
is
no
such
universal
answer.
Shaikha
Alhogail
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
2. The
most
appropriate
leadership
quali9es
and
ac9ons
vary
from
situa9on
to
situa9on.
Effec9veness
depends
on
leader,
follower,
and
situa9onal
factors.
Experienced
followers
and
new
followers
will
have
different
leadership
needs.
Situa9onal
factors
include
the
job
being
performed,
the
culture
of
the
workplace,
and
the
urgency
of
the
task.
To
have
a
beTer
understanding
of
leadership
in
different
situa9ons
that
might
face
the
leader,
the
impact
of
the
leader's
behavior
on
the
followers
and
the
expected
outcome
in
each
situa9on
look
at
the
table.
Shaikha
Alhogail
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
Shaikha
Alhogail
Assignment:
• A
modern
example
of
matching
quali9es
of
the
leader
would
be
Nelson
Mandela,
the
first
black
president
of
South
Africa.
Shaikha
Alhogail
Mrs.
Manal
Alsolami
&
Mrs.
people,
and
the
period
1919
to
1945.
• Explain why?