GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 11, November 2019

ISSN 2320-9186
1040

GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 11, November 2019, Online: ISSN 2320-9186

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Using ETAP Load Flow Analysis of 132/11kv

Kohat Substation: A Case Study
Muhammad Bilal, Prof.Dr.M.Naeem Arbab, Muhammad Zubair

Author Details (optional)

Muhammad Bilal is currently pursuing master’s degree program in electric power engineering from Department Of
Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Pakistan. m.bilal071066@gmail.com
Co-Author (1st)
Prof.Dr.M.Naeem Arbab is currently working as a Dean and professor at Department Of Electrical
Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Pakistan. mnarbab@yahoo.com
Co-Author (2nd)
Muhammad Zubair is currently pursuing master’s degree program in electric power engineering in Department Of
Electrical Engineering, Abasyn University
Peshawar, Pakistan. Zubairee1.suit@gmail.com

KeyWords
ETAP, Power flow analysis, under voltages etc.

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 GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 11, November 2019
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Using ETAP Load Flow Analysis of 132/11kv

Kohat Substation: A Case Study

Muhammad Bilal Prof.Dr.M.Naeem Arbab Muhammad Zubair

Department Of Electrical Engineering Department Of Electrical Engineering Department Of Electrical Engineering
University of Engineering & Technology University of Engineering & Technology Abasyn University
Peshawar, Pakistan. Peshawar, Pakistan Peshawar, Pakistan.
m.bilal071066@gmail.com mnarbab@yahoo.com Zubairee1.suit@gmail.com

Abstract – Using ETAP software load flow analysis
is accurate and gives high reliable result. This
research makes effective use of ETAP (Electrical
Transient Analyzer Program) to carry out load flow
analysis of 132 kV substation. The actual rating of
transformer, circuit breakers, current transformer,
potential transformer and isolating switch are taken
and modelled in ETAP in the form of single line
diagram. This 132 kV grid station located in KPK
Kohat Pakistan which is come under NTDCL
(National Transmission and Dispatch Company
limited).
In the operation and design planning for the power
system, the most significant and beneficial approach
for the investigation of problems relating to power
systems can be done by means of load flow analysis
or design power flow. In light of a predefined
structured power system and transmission system,
the load flow analysis provides steady state
characteristic data for voltage phase angles and its
magnitude, the flow of reactive power in the
transmission lines, losses in the system, generation
and consumption of reactive power in the bus bar
load. In this, an effort has been made to explore
power flow in the 132/11kV grid by utilizing ETAP
[1]. The data will be collect from Kohat 132/11KV
substation over a period of one year, specifically in
summer and winter peak loads.
I. INTRODUCTION
ETAP is Electrical Transient Analyzer Program. This
software provides Engineers, operators, and manager
platform for continuous functionality from modeling to
operation. ETAP’s model driven architecture enable
“Faster than Real-Time” operations - where Data and
analytics meet to provide predictive behaviour, pre-
emptive action, and situational intelligence to the
owner-operator. ETAP offers a suite of fully integrated
Electrical Engineering software solutions including arc
flash, load flow, short circuit, transient stability, relay
coordination, cable capacity, optimal power flow, and
more. Its modular functionality can be customized to fit
the needs of any company, from small to large power
systems [2].
Figure 1: Load Flow Diagram
As the electric power demand increasing day by day so
for that demand more generating station buit but also to
redesign the current power grid. For this reason, load
flow analysis can play vital role. Load flow or power
flow analysis can be performed by using Electrical
Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP)
which gives accurate, precise and reliable
outcomes[3][4].ETAP provides a package of complete
set of Electrical Design programming tools which
consists of transient steadiness, transfer coordination,
burden stream, transfer coordination, link capacity, and
numerous more ETAP [5].
It is predicted that consumption of energy will rise as
the population raises by which urbanization increases
and financial system will raise too [6].In third world
county or developing countries like Pakistan, where
the generation capacity of electricity is not increasing in
the same proportion as the demand of the country,
which in term leads to deficit of electric power. In spite

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 GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 11, November 2019
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of the deficiency of electric power, the main reason for Equipment Type Primary/ Secondary
the energy deficit is the deficiency in the field of Current Transformers 1200/5A
analysis [7].Due to under voltage problem in power CT 1-3
system causes disturbance in power system so in case Current Transformers 1600/5A
of heavy load the reactive power cannot be send to long CT 4
separation so reactive power can be generated near the Current Transformers 300/5A
load. This is because the difference in voltage causes CT 5-11
reactive power (VARs) to flow and voltages on a Current Transformers 600/5A
power system are only ±5 percent of nominal and this Remaining 41 CTs
small voltage difference does not cause considerable
reactive power (VARs) to flow over long distances. So
if that reactive power (VARs) is not available at the Table 2: Potential Transformer Rating
load centre, the voltage level goes down. Lasting under
voltages can cause excess wear and tear on certain Equipment Type Primary/ Secondary
devices like motor as they will tend to run overly hot Potential Transformers 132KV/120 KV
if the voltage is low [8]. Power system studies are done PT- 5
by electrical engineers from many years for utilizing Potential Transformers 66 KV/120 KV
distinctive programming tools. The recently powerful PT- 6
Computer-based software is emerged as a cause of
important research in the field of electrical engineering. Table 3: Power Transformer Rating
For the analysis and examination of mighty electrical
power systems, which comprises of power distribution Power TF Rating Primary/
flowing from the 132kV grid, this project features the secondary
viable utilization of Electrical Transient Analyzer TF-1 40MVA 132/11 KV
Program (ETAP).[9][10][11].For modelling and TF-2 40MVA 132/66 KV
simulation in ETAP, the single line diagram and real TF-3 37MVA 132/11 KV
ratings of power transformers, current
TF-4 26MVA 132/11 KV
transformers(CT), circuit breakers, potential
transformers(PT) and isolators are taken from 132kV
kohat grid situated in kohat Pakistan. Table 4: Current Transformer Rating

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT Equipment Type Rated Normal

Current Current
FDR ANA (False Discovery Rate) cannot provide wide Circuit breaker 40KA 3120A
ranging analysis. The under voltage is main cause of KHN 81-84
disturbance in power system. Circuit breaker 25KA 2500A
KHN71-74
III. OBJECTIVES Circuit breaker 25KA 2500A
The main objective are to monitor and analyse the WITH FEEDER
power system accurately, overcome the under voltage Circuit breaker 400A
problem, expand the substation in future demand Remaining
.improve the power factor of power system and
minimize the losses of power system.
Table 1: Isolating switches Rating
IV. DETAILS OF COMPONENTS
The data is taken from kohat grid station. The grid Equipment Type Rating
having current transformer, potential transformer,
power transformer, isolators and circuit breakers. The Isolating switches 132KV/1250A
data is taken real time of various feeder of kohat grid SW 1-16
station.
The summer and winter (2019) load data are taken from
different 11KV feeder of kohat grid station which are
Table 1: Current Transformer Rating given below in a table.

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Table 5: 11KV Feeder Summer & Winter Load 132KV single line diagram are modelled in ETAP
which are given above. The two bus bar of 132 KV
11kv Feeder Winter Load Summer load rated having four incoming supplies. These 132KV bus
(Places) (A) (A) bars are further connected to feeders through power
Old City 1 200 160 transformers which stepped down to 11KV. Already to
New City 2 250 190 capacitor bank are installed of rating of 7.2 MVAR
New City 3 260 290 each.
Lachi Express 370 380
Figure 3: Simulation of 132KV grid in ETAP Before adding
Jarma 450 250
capacitor
K.T.M 5 7
B.C.M 50 90
Gumbat 370 400
Kohat Express 410 390
Barh 290 250
Alizai-1 220 150
OTS 140 370
Kharmaton 420 390
College town 160 230
Cadet college 120 120
Kohat tunnel 22 25

Figure 2: 132KV grid single Line Diagram in ETAP

132kv single line diagram simulation in ETAP show

the critical and marginal condition of buses then the
capacitor of 8 MVAR are added to the system, the
buses which are under voltages and in critical situation
goes to marginal state and there is no critical alert on
these buses but the buses are still in the form of under
voltage.

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 GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 11, November 2019
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Figure 3: Simulation of 132KV grid in ETAP before after Type MW MVAR MVA %P.F
adding capacitor Swing 173.9 93.45 205.5 87.9
Total 173.9 93.45 205.5 87.9
Demand
Appearent 0.31 8.21 --- ---
Losses

LOAD FLOW ALERT BY ETAP:

Load flow analysis of 132KV grid station has been
performed in ETAP with the help of different numerical
method in which Newton Raphson method [12] [13] is
used and it is observed the critical and marginal
situation of various part of the system. The buses which
are under voltages and operation condition is below
than 95% are consider as a critical alert while those
buses which are under voltages and operational
condition is greater than 95% are in marginal alert.
From load flow analysis it show that 3 & 8 buses are in
critical alert while bus 9 are in marginal alert.

LOAD FLOW ALERT BY ETAP WHEN

PUTTING OCT 2019 LOAD:
Below table show that there is two buses 3 & 8 are in
under voltage which are critical alert situation.

Table 8: Bus no 3&8 are in under voltage critical situation.

Bus Condition Rating Operating %

No. KV Operating
Bus Under 11.0 10.38 94.3
3 voltage
Bus Under 11.0 10.40 94.6
Table 6: Incoming supplies to 132KV Grid station 8 voltage

Grid MV KV MW MVA Am % While the bus 9 is in under voltage and two power
Type R p P.F transformer TF-2 & TF-4 are overloaded which are
Daud 27.43 132 40.96 23.04 206 87.2 marginal alert condition which is shown in below table.
Khel 1
Daud 27.43 132 40.96 23.04 206 87.2 Table 8: Marginal alert of bus 9 which is in under voltage
Khel 2 &power transformer tf-2&tf-4 are overloaded.
Pesha 37.27 132 45.90 27.70 235 85.6
war 1 Equipment Conditio Ratin Operatin %Operati
Pesha 45.72 132 45.90 27.70 235 85.6 Type n g g ng
war 2 Bus 9 Under 11 10.62 96.5
Voltage KV
TF-2 Overloa 40 38.9 97.1
V. LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS Transform d MVA
Swing capacity, demand and losses summary report er
without capacitor bank are in below table.
TF-4 Overloa 26 25.90 99.6
Transform d MVA
Table 7: summary Report of swing, total demand and losses
er
before adding capacitor bank.

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LOAD FLOW ALERT BY ETAP WHEN VI. Conclusion:

PUTTING JUNE 2019 LOAD:
ETAP show critical alert before capacitor bank was The study of load flow analysis using ETAP to
added. overcome the problem of under voltage. ETAP software
is an excellent tool for system planning. The outcome
Table 8: Bus 3 is under voltage and TF-4 is overloaded
from power flow analysis are phase angle, nodal
voltage transmission losses, real and reactive power in
Equipment Condition Rating Operating %Operating each line. ETAP is used for to monitor the system more
Type accurately, help of expansion of substation in future
Bus 3 Under 11 KV 10.35 94.1 demand also help to improve power factor and
voltage minimize losses.
TF-4 Overload 26MVA 26.8 102.1
Transformer
VII. REFERENCES
ETAP also show marginal alert before capacitor bank
was added. [1] Kiran Natkar, Naveen Kumar, “Design
Analysis of 220/132 KV Substation Using
Table 8: Marginal alerts before adding capacitor bank. ETAP”, ISSN: 2395- 0072, Volume: 02 Issue:
03 (June-2015)
Equipment Condition Rating Operating %Operating [2] ETAP Operations Technology, Inc., Available:
Type KV KV http://www.etap.com.
Bus 8 Under 11.0 10.55 96 [3] P. N. Vishal, student Birla Vishwakarma
voltage Mahavidyalaya, Vvn. Akshay pandya, A. Birla
Bus 9 Under 11.0 10.68 97.1 Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya, and Vvn. A.
voltage Prakash Shah, “Modeling, Simulation and
Analyses of Power Grid-Case study,” Int. J.
After adding capacitor bank the condition goes from Innov. Adv. Comput. Sci. IJIACS ISSN, vol.
critical situation to marginal condition but still in uder 4, pp. 2347–8616, 2015.
voltage condition. [4] N. R. W. Jos Arrillaga, Load flow 4.1, Second
Edi., no. ii. WILEY AND SONS, 2001.
Table 7: summary Report of swing, total demand and losses
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Naveed, “Analysis and optimization of 132KV
Type MW MVAR MVA %P.F grid using ETAP,” 2015 Power Gener. Syst.
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Demand [6] L. Czumbil, D. D. Micu, S. F. Braicu, A.
Appearent 0.34 8.9 --- --- Polycarpou, and D. Stet, “Load Flow and
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Table 7: Marginal alerts in which under voltage busses are [7] R. A. J. Khan, M. Junaid, and M. M. Asgher,
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Meet., pp. 1930–1941, 1990.

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[10] W. Zhongxi and Z. Xiaoxin, “Power System

Analysis Software Package (PSASP)-an
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