EE-105 (BEE-II)

Unit-5: DC MACHINES
-Dr Shatakshi
 Fundamental Parts of DC Machines
S. Part Function
No.
1. Field The excitation responsible
for generation of magnetic
field.
2. Armature Current carrying conductors
for interaction with field.
They rotate about the axis
and are separated from the
field coil by an air gap.
3. Commutator Assembly of split rings and
carbon brushes connected
with the armature windings
for exchange of DC current.
4. Shaft A rigid rod that supports and It transfers mechanical
rotates the armature core
and commutator.
Remarks
Field windings are held by
‘Stator’ as it remains
stationary.
Armature windings are held
by ‘Rotor’ as they rotate
with the shaft.
It is pressed onto the shaft
and aligned with the slots of
the core.
power from or to the prime
mover or load device.
Difference Between AC And DC Machines

The slip ring is a part of an AC machines use for The split ring used in DC machines is a movable
transmission the energy between the stationary and device used for reversing the polarity of the current.
rotating element of the machine. The ring divides from the centre into two halves. The
combination of the split ring and brushes is known as
the commutator.
DC Machine Types: (based on power flow)
Generator and Motor :
• A dc motor converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy
while a dc generator converts
mechanical energy into electrical
energy.
• The EMF produced by armature in
a dc motor is lower than the voltage
across the source terminal. Thus the
motor is supplied power by the
source.
• The EMF produced by armature in
a dc generator is higher than the
voltage across the source terminal.
Thus the generator acts as a source
of power.
Classification of DC Machines: (based on type of excitation)

• Separately excited machines have a separate

DC supply, for production of field
• Self excited machines take the field current
supply from terminals of the same machine,
for production of field
• In self excited machines, the field connection
can be done in series of shunt, or a
combination of both.
Generation of EMF in DC Generators
 Open Circuit Characteristics of DC Generators:
• Self-excited generators: Self excited generators
necessarily need some residual voltage (to produce
magnetic field at starting) in order to build up the
EMF.
• Separately-excited generators: Separately-excited
generators may/may not have residual voltage at
starting. They utilize the separately supplied field
current to build up the voltage.
External Characteristics of DC Generators: (variation in output Voltage with Load)

Separately-excited DC generator Shunt DC generator Compound DC generator

Generation of Torque In DC Motors
External Characteristics of DC Motors: (variation in Speed with Torque)
Shunt DC Motor Series DC Motor

Differential (compound) DC Motor Cumulative (compound) DC Motor

 Applications of DC machines
DC Generators: For electro-plating, battery charging, for excitation of Alternator etc.

DC Motors: