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சமூக அறிவியல் கையேடு -TNPSC-pages
சமூக அறிவியல் கையேடு -TNPSC-pages
சமூக அறிவியல் கையேடு -TNPSC-pages
( )
TNPSC
(Group 4 - VAO)
Ph – 9884525989
We undertake coaching for Classes – 9th, 10th, 11th & 12th
ϪÂa tuyhW ( 1 – 66)
1. ÁªJ rkbtë ehfßf«
2.
3. rkz - bgs¤j kj§fŸ
5. F¥j nguuR
6. bj‹åªÂa muRfŸ
7. fíå KfkJ (fíå kh_¤)
8. nfhçKfkJ (rfhòÔ‹ KfkJ)
9. blšèRšjh‹fŸ (1206-1526)
10. g¡Â Ïa¡f§fŸ
11. é#a efu nguuR
12. ghäå muRfŸ (1347-1526)
13. Kfyha nguuR
14. Áthí (».Ã.1627-1680)
15. kJiu eha¡f®fŸ
16. f£l bgh«k‹ 1761š – Ãw¥ò
17. Á‹d kUJ – Átf§if Á§f«
18. ikN® muR
19. K¡»a MÁça®fS« mt®fë‹ üšfS«
20. ngh®¢R¡ÑÁa®
21. l¢R¡fhu® (AhyªJ / bej®yhªJ
22. nlåa®fŸ (bl‹kh®¡)
23. M§»nya®fŸ
24. ÃshÁ¥ ngh® 1757
25. ÃbuŠR¡fhu®fŸ
26. f®ehlf ngh®fŸ
27. xG§FKiw - r£l« 1773
28. fhu‹thè° Ãuò – (1786-93)
29. r® #h‹nõh®(1793-1798)
30. btšby°è Ãuò (1798-1805)
31. éšèa« bg©o§ Ãuò (1838 – 35)
32. lšbAsÁ Ãuò (1848-56)
33. M§»nya it°uhŒfŸ
34. ϪÂa éLjiy Ïa¡f«
(67 – 95)
1. ,
2. –
3. –
4.
5.
6.
7. ,
8. – ,
9. –
10. –
11. –
12. – , ,
13. –
14. –
(96 – 150)
th
6
–
7th
8th
9th
,
10 th (139 – 150)
V V MATHS ACADEMY
E. Vadivelu, MSc, BEd, CAIIB, Vedic Maths Trainer,Indian Air Foce (retd),Indian Bank(retd) Ph - 9884525989
V V Illam, No. 2/237-1, Arunachalam Street, Kambatham Ramadoss Nagar, Latteri, Vellore -632202
www.youtube.com/@vvmathsacademy4777
ϪÂa tuyhW
1. ÁªJ rkbtë ehfßf«
f‰fhy«
cnyhf¡ fhy«
ÁªJ rkbtë ehfßf«
2.
Mça ehfßf«
ntjfhy Ïy¡»a§fŸ
K‹ntjfhy« (».K. 1500 - ».K 1000)
Ëntjfhy« (».K. 1000- ».K. 600)
5. F¥j nguuR
F¥j® fhy tuy‰iw m¿a cjΫ rh‹WfŸ
Kjyh« rªÂu F¥j® (».Ã.320 – 335)
rK¤Âu F¥j® (».Ã.335-375)
Ïu©lh« rªÂuF¥j® (».Ã.380-413)
FkhuF¥j® (».Ã.415-455)
6. bj‹åªÂa muRfŸ
rhS¡»a®fŸ
Ïuh£ou Tl®fŸ (».Ã.753-975)
gšyt®fŸ
nru®fŸ
nrhH®fŸ
gh©oafŸ
7. fíå KfkJ (fíå kh_¤)
8. nfhçKfkJ (rfhñÔ‹ KfkJ)
9. blšèRšjh‹fŸ (1206-1526)
fhy«
f‰fhy«
o giHa f‰fhy« (m) ngènahè¤Â¡fhy« -(».K,10,000M©LfS¡F K‹)
o Ïil¡f‰fhy« (m) nknrhè¤Â¡ fhy«
o ñÂa f‰fhy« (m) ãnahè¤Â¡ fhy« -(».K,10,000-».K4,000)
3) fhèg§f‹ : (Kallibangan)
ru°t fiuæ‹ ÛJ mikªJŸs Ϫefu« nfh£ilfshš gy¥gL¤j¥g£oUªjJ. ÏJ
uh#°jhåš cŸsJ.
4) nyh¤jš : (Lothal)
ÁªJrkbtë k¡fë‹ bjhêš k‰W« thâg JiwKf efu«- nyh¤jš
kåjdhš cUth¡f¥g£l Kjš bra‰if¤ JiwKf«- nyh¤jš . ÏJ F#uh¤
khãy¤Âš mikªJŸsJ.
Mça ehfßf«
».K. 2000 Kjš ».K. 1500¡F Ïil¥g£l fhy¤Âš k¤Âa MÁah gFÂæèUªJ ifg®,nghy‹
fzthŒ têahf Mça®fŸ EiHªjd®.
Mça®fŸ Kjèš Fona¿a gF r¥j ÁªJ. (VG eÂfŸ ghÍ« ãy«)
‚ntj«‛ v‹whš m¿Î v‹W bga®. ntj« v‹w brhš é¤ (vid) v‹D« rk°»Uj
brhšèèUªJ ÃwªjJ.
ntjfhy Ïy¡»a§fŸ
ç¡ ntj« : - flÎS¡F ne®¤Â¡fl‹ brŒa¥gL«nghJ ghl¥gL« ghkhiyfŸ ml§»aJ.
rhkntj« : - Ïir k‰W« eld« F¿¤j brŒÂfŸ ãiwªjJ.
a#&® ntj« : - rka rl§FfŸ, ahf§fŸ brŒÍ« Kiwg‰¿¡ TW»wJ.
mj®tz ntj« : -MéfisÍ«, òäfisÍ« f£L¥gL¤j¡ Toa ghlšfŸ k‰W« kU¤Jt
KiwfŸ cŸsd.
K‹ntjfhy« (».K. 1500 - ».K 1000)
K‹ntjfhy« ç¡ ntjfhy« v‹W« miH¥g®.
ntj§fëš gHikahdJ ç¡ntj«. ç¡ntj« 10 ghf§fisÍ« bfh©lJ. 1028 ghlšfisÍ«
cilaJ.
ñfœbg‰w fha¤Âç kªÂu« _‹whtJ ghf¤Âš cŸsJ.
ç¡ ntjnk c©ikahd ntj« MF«.
ç¡ ntj« MÂntj« v‹W« ntj§fë‹ ntj« v‹W« miH¡f¥gL»wJ.
r_f mik¥ò :
»uhk¤ jiyt® - »uhkâ
é°Á‹ jiyt® - éRtgÂ
#dh jiyt® - Ïuh#‹
rgh - KÂnah® mit
rä - C® k¡fŸ ÃuÂãÂfŸ mit.
FL«g¤ jiyt®(jªij) - »ufg vd¥g£lh®.
K‹ntjfhy¤Âš jªij tê kuñ Ëg‰w¥g£lJ.
mRtnkjahf¤Â‹ _‹wh« ehëš FÂiufŸ gèæl¥g£ld.
K‹ntjfhy¤Âš K¡»a¤ bjhêš – nt£ilahLjš, étrha«. K‹ntjfhy¤Âš Ïju
bjhêš - berÎ. njhš gjåL« bjhêš, ku k‰W« cnyhf ntiy.
K‹ntjfhy¤Âš gR¡fŸ bršt¤Â‹ ãiyfshf fUj¥g£ld.
K‹ntjfhy¤Âš éjit kWkz« V‰f¥g£lJ.
K‹ntjfhy¤Âš ts®¤j éy§FfŸ : btŸshL, khL, FÂiu, br«k¿ahL, ehŒ.
K‹ntjfhy¤Âš btëeh£L tâf« brŒj ehLfŸ - nk‰F MÁah, v»¥J.
K‹ntjfhy¤Âš ehza¥bga® : ãZfh
K‹ntjfhy¤Âš V‰Wk bghUŸ : my§fhu bghU£fŸ, rªjd«, jªj§fŸ
K‹ntjfhy¤Âš Ïw¡Fk brŒa¥g£lit : FÂiu, ngÝ¢ir
2. ……………
3. …………. .
5. ? 1/6
6. ……………. .
7. ………… .
8. .
9. .
10. .
11. .
12. , .
13. , ,
. .
14.
1. ( )
2. ( )
3. ( )
15. ?
1.
2.
3.
16. ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
27. .
1.
2.
3.
4.
28. ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
FkhuF¥j® (».Ã.415-455)
ehsªjh gšfiy¡fHf« ãWédh® FkhuF¥j®.
ehsªjh gšfiy¡fHf« ϪÂahé‹ M¡°ngh®L v‹wiH¡f¥gL»wJ.
– . . 240-280
– . . 280-319
– . . 319 – 335
– . . 335 – 370
– . . 370 – 375
– . . 375 – 415
– . . 415 – 455
– . . 455-467
irt« : 63 eha‹kh®fŸ
m¥g®, r«gªj®, Rªju® ghoa njthu« e«äah©lh® e«Ãahš bjhF¡f¥g£lJ.
nru®fŸ
j‰nghija nfush k‰W« jäHf¤Â‹ nk‰F¥gF nruehL.
nru®fë‹ jiyef® tŠÁ.
nru®fë‹ Áwªj k‹d® br§F£Lt‹.
nru®fë‹ Á‹d« - éš
nru®fë‹ JiwKf« - bjh©o, KÁ¿
beLŠnruyhj‹ v‹w k‹d‹ Ïka« tiu br‹W bt‰¿Íl‹ ÂU«Ã Ïkatu«g‹
v‹W ñfœbg‰wh®.
nrhH®fŸ
K‰fhy¢ nrhH®fŸ ».Ã. Kjš k‰W« Ïu©lh« ü‰wh©oš M£Á brŒjd®
nrhHehL, fhéçehL, fhéç NœehL, Ú®ehL k‰W« ñdš ehL v‹w bga®fshY« nrhH muR
m¿a¥gL»wJ.
kfhghuj«, mnrhf® fšbt£L, bkf°jå° k‰W« jhyä F¿¥ñfëèUªJ nrhH® g‰¿
m¿a Ko»wJ.
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r§f fhy¤Âš nrhH®fŸ ÂU¢Á, jŠir gFÂfis M£Á brŒJŸsd®.
jŠiræš cŸs ÃufÔ°tu® Mya«, f§if bfh©l nrhH¥ñu« nfhéš,
jhuhñu¤ÂYŸs IuhtÔ°tu® Mya«, ÂUñtd¤ÂYŸs f«gfnu°tu® Mya« nrhH®
fhy¤ija ãid΢ Á‹d§fshF«.
nrhH®fhy fšé k‰W« rkaãiy F¿¤J v©zhæu«, ÂUK¡Tlš, ÂUñtd« fšbt£LfŸ
TW»‹wd.
nr¡»Hhç‹ - bgçañuhz« (ÂU¤bjh©l® ñuhz«), ÂU¤j¡f njtç‹ - Ótf Áªjhkâ,
x£l¡T¤jç‹ -_tUyh, Fnyh¤J§f ßis¤ jäœ, j¡fahfguâ,f«gç‹- f«guhkhaz«,
bra§bfh©lhç‹-fè§f¤J¥guâ nrhH® fhy¤J gil¥ñfŸ.
ciuahÁça®fshd Ïs«óudh®, e¢Ádh®¡»åa®, gçnkyHf® Ï¡fhy¤jt®
irt üyhd g‹åU ÂUKiwfis – e«Ãah©lh® e«ÃÍ«, itzt üyhd ehyhæu›a
Ãugªj¤ij ehjKåtU« nrhH®fhy¤Âšjh‹ bjhF¤jd®.
Flnthiy Kiw, »uhk ã®thf«, tç tNš Kiw, ãy ã®thf« M»ait F¿¤J c¤Âunk%®
fšbt£LfŸ TW»‹wd.
fl‰gil nrhH® fhy¤Âš gy« thŒªjjhf fhz¥g£lJ.
nfhæšfë‹ thr‰goæš nfhñu§fŸ mik¡F« Kiw nrhH®fhy¤Âš njh‹¿aJ.
rÂ, njtjhÁ Kiw nrhH® fhy¤Âš fhz¥g£lJ.
guj eh£oa fiy jŠir nfhæšfëš cUthdJ.
nrhH®fë‹ rkfhy mur®fŸ – nru®,gh©oa®,ÏuhZou Tl®fŸ.
nrhH®fŸ M£Áæš irt kj« Áw¥ñ‰¿UªjJ.
nrhH® fhy¤Âš bgh‹, btŸë, br¥ñ ehza§fŸ btëæl¥g£ld.
jäœeh£onyna äfΫ caukhd k‰W« mfykhd nfhéš jŠir ÃufÔ°tu® nfhéš.
T¤J v‹gJ xU tifahd ehlf«.
nrhH®fhy« j䜥g©gh£o‹ bgh‰fhy« MF«.
nrhH® fhy¤Âš Vçthça«, njh£lthça«, gŠrthça« rkt¤ru thça«, bgh‹thça«,ñwÎtç
thça« ngh‹w thça§fŸ mik¡f¥g£ld. Ïj‹ cW¥Ãd®fŸ thça bgUk¡fŸ vd¥g£ld®.
nrhH®fŸ jŠiria jiy efuhf bfh©oUªjd®.
nrhH ã®thf¤Â‹ jiyt® mur®.
nguuR – k©ly«, nfh£l« (tsehL), C® (m) »uhk« vd eh‹F ÃçÎfshf Ãç¡f¥g£lJ. (C® -
ehL- tsehL – k©ly«) ã®thf mo¥gil myF C®.
éis¢rèš 1/6 g§fhf tç ÏUªjJ.
Ãuhkz®fë‹ FoæU¥ñ ‘rJ®nt k§fy«’ vd¥g£lJ.
K‰fhy¢ nrhH®fŸ :
K‰fhy¢ nrhH®fëš Áwªj k‹d‹ fçfhy‹.
fçfhy‹ fšyizia f£odh®.
fçfhy‹ k‰bwhU bga® ÂUkhtst‹.
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Åunrhêa«, etnrhH rçj«, °jy ñuhz« M»a Ïy¡»a§fŸ K‰fhy nrhH mur®fŸ g‰¿
m¿a cjλ‹wd.
nrhH®fë‹ jiyefu« ciwó®.
fçfhy‹ bt©â¥ gwªjiyæš gh©oa‹ nruiubt‹wh®.
fçfhy‹ mit¥ ñyt®fŸ cU¤Âu§f©zdh® k‰W« Kl¤jhk¡ f©âah®.
nrhH®fë‹ bfho - òè¡bfho
Ïuìah (1236-1240)
ÏšJäZ ‹ kfŸ Ïuìah.
blšèæ‹ Kjš k‰W« xnu bg© nguuÁ Ïuìah.
ôh#fh‹ (1627-1658)
Ïa‰bga® F®u«
ôh#fh‹ v‹w brhšY¡F cy»‹ mur‹ vd bghUŸ
ôh#fh‹ kidé K«jh{ kAhš (m®#]k‹ ghD ngf«)
K«jh{ ãidthf M¡uhéš (1632-1653) jh{kAhš f£odh®.
blšè br§nfh£ilia f£oat® - ôh#fh‹.
ôh#fh‹ ôh#fhdhgh¤ v‹w jiyefiuÍ« ã®khå¤jh®.
ôh#fh‹ fhy« f£ol¡fiyæ‹ bgh‰fhy« MF«. ‚f£ol¡fiyæ‹ Ïstur®‛
‚bgh¿ahs® nguur®‛ vd¥gL»wh®.
M¡uhéš K¤J kNÂiaÍ«, blšèæš nkh kNÂia f£oat® ah® - ôh#fh‹
ϪÂahé‹ äf¥bgça kNÂahd #]«kh kNÂiaÍ« f£oat® ah® - ôh#fh‹
ôh#fh‹ fhy« ‚Kfyha®fë‹ bgh‰fhy« ‛MF«
ôh#fh‹ ehkh vGÂat® Ïda¤fh‹
Xsu§fÓ¥ Mš ÁiwÃo¡f¥g£l Ïda¤fh‹ 1666š Ïwªjh®.
j§f kæyhrd« k‰W« nfh»}® itu« ôh#fhDilaJ.
1739š eh®ôh gilbaL¥Ãš nfh»}® itu« bfhŸisao¡f¥g£lJ.
Âthå M«, Âthå fh° g‰¿ ‚ If there is a paradise on earth, it is this, it is this” vd T¿at®
mä®F°U.
kuh¤Âa®fŸ
Áthí (».Ã.1627-1680)
Áthíæ‹ ghJfhty® jhjhí bfh©l nj›
Áthíæ‹ FU – uh«jh°
».Ã.1665š Áthí¡F« uh#h b#ŒÁ§¡F« Ïilna V‰g£l cl‹go¡if ñuªj® cl‹go¡if
Áthí Kjèš f£oa nfh£il – buŒfh®.
Áthí kiy vè vdΫ j¡fhd ñ‰W nehŒ vdΫ xsu§fÓ¥ghš miH¡f¥g£lh®.
2-« runghí jŠiræš ru°t kAhš ãWédh®
ehL ÏH¡F« bfhŸif¥go jŠir 1856š M§»y nguuRl‹ Ïiz¡f¥g£lJ.
kJiu eha¡f®fŸ
»UZznjtuhaç‹ beU§»a jsg é°tehj eha¡f® kJiu eha¡f® M£Áæ‹ Kjš
eha¡f® Mth®. ghisa¡fhu® Kiwia m¿Kf« brŒjt® é°tehj eha¡f®.
kJiu eha¡f®fënyna Áwªj k‹duhf fUj¥gLgt® ÂUkiy eha¡f®, ÂUkiy eha¡f®
kAhš Ïtç‹ gil¥ghF«. kJiu eha¡f® tuyh‰¿š ÂUkiy eha¡f® M£Áfhy«
ñJrfh¥jkhF«. jiy efiu ÂU¢ÁæèUªJ kJiu¡F kh‰¿dh®.
ÂUkiy eha¡f® ikN® gilæid njh‰fo¤J vÂçfë‹ _¡»id J©o¤j r«gt«
_¡fW¥ò¥ ngh® vd¥g£lJ.
kJiuia M©l Ïuhâ k§f«khŸ (brh¡fehj eha¡f® kidé) ÂUth§T® mur®
uét®khit njh‰fo¤J m¥gFÂia j‹tr« bfh©L tªjh®.
é#au§f brh¡f ehjç‹ kidé Ûdh£Á kJiu eha¡f®fëš filÁ M£Áahs® Mth®.
kJiu eha¡f® M£Á 1736š KoÎ.
kJiu é°tehj eha¡f® fhy¤Âš ghisa¡fhu® njh‹¿d®
m¢Rj¥g eha¡f® ÂUt©zhkiy mUzhy¢rnyRtu® nfhæiy f£odh®
ñyt®fŸ k‹d®fŸ
1 mšbgUå fíå Kf«kJ
2 nrhknjt® é¡»uAhuh#h
3 Açnrd® rK¤Âu F¥j®
4 j©o‹ euÁ«kt®k‹II
5 mZtnfhr® fåZf®
6 ghzg£l® A®õt®¤jd®
7 fhëjhr® Ïu©lh« rªÂuF¥j®
8 mñš ghrš m¡g®
9 mÛ® F°U myhÎÔ‹ »ší, J¡s¡
10 Ïué Ñ®¤Â Ïu©lh« òènfÁ
11 mšyrhå bg¤j©zh »UZznjtuha®
K¡»a MÁça®fS« mt®fë‹ üšfS«
MÁça®fŸ üšfŸ
1. bfsoša® ----------- m®¤jrh°Âu«
2. mZtnfhõ®--------- ò¤j rçj«
3. A®õ®-------------- Ïu¤Âdhtë, Ãçaj®îfh,ehfheªj«
4. fšAz®------------ Ïuh#ju§»å (fhZÛ® tuyhW)
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5. érhf j¤j®---------- K¤uh uh£rr«, njé rªÂuF¥j«
6. gh°fuh¢rh®ah------- ÄyhtÂ
7. »UZz njtuha®-----mK¡j khšajh, #h«gt fšahz«
8. fhëjhr®----------- rhFªjy«, nkföj«, Fkhur«gt« uFt«r«, çJr«Ahu«,
khséfh¡å ä¤Âu«
9. bkf°jå°-------- Ï©ofh
10. tuhfä¤Âu®--------Ãuf¤r«ïjh
11. ghz®------------- A®õ rçj«, fhj«gç
12. N¤Âuf®---------- äU¢rfof«
13. Mça g£lh---------Nça Á¤jhªj«
14. éZQ r®kh----------- gŠr jªÂu fijfŸ
15. Mçag£l® II----------------Mça Á¤jhªj«
16. »UZznjtuha®------------cõh gçza«
17. thrt j¤jh--------------RgªJ
18. ghg®----------------JR¡ Ï ghgç (ghg® ehkh)
19. mñš ghrš-------------mæå m¡gç, (m¡g® ehkh)
20. knfªÂut®k gšyt‹ -------k¤jéyhr Ãufld« (ehlf üš)
21. mä® F°U-------------J¡s¡ ehkh
22. mšbgUå-----------JÁ¡ ï 瘝
23. Fšgj‹ ngf«--------Ëkhó‹ ehkh
24. îbjsÁ---------- -õhehkh
25. ä®rhKf«kJ fhÁ«---------My«Ñ®ehkh
26. #fh§Ñ® ---------------JR¡-Ï-#Ah§»ç
27. xsu§fÓ¥------------ufh¤-Ï-Myh«»ç
nlåa®fŸ (bl‹kh®¡)
nlåa¡ »H¡»ªÂa f«bgå ãWt¥g£l M©L 1616.
jäœeh£oš ju§f«ghoæš 1620š éahghu js« mik¤jd®
1676š fšf¤jhΡF mU»š cŸs Áuh«òçš Fona‰w« mik¤jd®.
ϪÂahéš nlåa®fŸ jiyikæl« Áuh«ò® (W.B)
Áuh«ò® k‰W« ju§f«ghoia M§»nyaU¡F 1845š é‰gid brŒjd®.
M§»nya®fŸ
1600š ãWt¥g£l »H¡»ªÂa f«bgå¡F ϪÂahéš tâf« brŒa mDk më¤j
muÁ –vèrbg¤
1609š #fh§Ñ® murit¡F tUif jªj M§»nya® - éšèa« Ah¡»‹°.
1615š #fh§Ñ® murit¡F tUif jªj M§»nya® - r® jhk° nuh
M§»nya® ϪÂahéš éahghu« brŒtj‰fhd mDkÂia #fh§Ñçl« bg‰wt®
r®jhk° nuh
M§»nya®fshš ãWt¥g£l Kjš tâf jy« Nu¤ 1612
br‹idia, rªÂu»ç k‹d® br‹d¥g eha¡fçläUªJ1639š éiy¡F th§»at® -
Ãuh‹Á° nl.
ϧ»yhªJ mur® 2« rh®y° ngh®¢R¡fš eh£L ÏstuÁ fh¤jç‹ v‹gtiu ÂUkz«
brŒjjhš K«igia ngh®¢Á¡ÑÁa k‹d® rh®y° II v‹gtçläUªJ gçrhf bg‰wd®.
1640š #h®{ nfh£il Ãuh‹Á°nlthš f£l¥g£lJ.
nlé£nfh£il 1681š flÿçš f£l¥g£lJ
ϧ»yhªJ k‹d® 3« éšèa« ãidthf éšèa«nfh£il (bfhšf¤jh) 1696š f£l¥g£lJ
ϪÂahéš M§»nya® éahghu« brŒj Kjš tâf bghUŸ – Ï©onfh
»H¡»ªÂa f«bgå M£Á KoΡF tªj M©L 1858
tªjthÁ Åu® vd miH¡f¥gLgt® - r® ma®T£
M‰fh£L Åu® vd miH¡f¥gLgt® - uhg®£ »is›
jäœeh£il¥ g‰¿ T¿a btå° efu¥ gaâ kh®¡nfhnghnyh
jhk° k‹nwh (1820-27) br‹id khfhz¤Âš ua¤Jthç Kiwia m¿Kf¥gL¤Âdh®
1833« M©L kfšthç Kiw éšèa« bg©o§ Ãuñthš eilKiw¥ gL¤j¥g£lJ
rh®y° c£ m¿¡if fšé ts®¢Áæ‹ kfh rhrd« vd miH¡f¥g£lJ
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1890š br‹id MSe® f‹åkhuh Ãuñ f‹åkhuh bghJ üyf¤ij cUth¡»dh®
1891« M©L br‹idæš r£l¡fšÿç mik¡f¥g£lJ
1929š m©zhkiy gšfiy¡fHf« uh#h r® m©zhkiy br£oahuhš ãWt¥g£lJ
#Û‹jhç Kiwæš ãy¤Â‹ cçikjhu® #Û‹ jh® Mth®. ãytçia #Û‹jh® Ô®khå¥gh®.
10/11 g§F tç muR¡F brY¤j nt©L«.
M§»nya® M¡f¤Â‹ Ñœ ÏUªj gFÂfŸ Nu¤, kNèg£od«, ñèfh£, bk£uh°,
Ë¡ë,g«ghŒ, bfhšf¤jh
ÃbuŠR¡fhu®fŸ
ϪÂahΡF tUif jªj filÁ Inuh¥Ãa® ÃbuŠR¡fhu®fŸfns
ÃbuŠR »H¡»ªÂa f«bgå 1664š bjhl§f fhuzkhdt®gÂdh‹fh« ÿæ (k‹d®)
‹mik¢r® fhšg®£
Ã#¥ò® Ršjh‹ bô®fh‹ nyhoæläUªJ 1674š mDk bg‰W gh©o¢nrçia
cUth¡»at® - Ãuh‹Á° kh®£o‹. (gh©o¢nrçæ‹ Kjš ft®d®)
ÃbuŠR¡fhu®fë‹ jiyikæl« gh©o¢nrç
1725š khï, jŠiria M©l kuh¤Âa k‹dçläUªJ if¥g‰w¥g£lJ
1739š fhiu¡fhš gFÂæš Fona‰w§fŸ mik¡f¥g£lJ
1735-1741 tiu ÃbuŠR gFÂ ft®d® ^kh°
».Ã.1742š oó¥ns v‹gt® ÃbuŠR ft®duhf bghW¥ng‰wh®
ÃbuŠR MSe®fëš Áwªjt® - oô¥ns
ÃbuŠR¡fhu® M¡f¤Â‹ Ñœ ÏUªj gFÂfŸ Nu¤, kNè¥g£od«, rhªnjh«, gh©o¢nrç,
rªÂu ehT®, khï, fhiu¡fhš
f®ehlf ngh®fŸ
M§»nya®fS¡F«, ÃbuŠR¡fhu®fS¡F« Ïilna eilbg‰w M¡f¥ ngh£ona
f®ehlf ngh®fshf ÃuÂgè¤jJ.
f®ehlf¤Â‹ jiyefu« M‰fhL MF«
».Ã.1740-1763š M§»nya ÃbuŠRfhu®fëilna _‹W ngh®fŸ eilbg‰wd
Kjš f®ehlf ngh®:- Inuh¥ghéš 1744š eilbg‰w M°Âça thçRçik nghç‹ ÃuÂgè¥ò.
Ï¥nghçš M§»nya®fS¡F«, ÃbuŠR¡fhu®fS¡F« v®v®mâfshf nghçš
Ïw§»d®.
Kjš f®ehlf¥ ngh® 1748š mŒyh ôhngš cl‹go¡ifæ‹ go KotilªjJ
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2tJ f®ehlf¥ ngh® :-
iAjuhgh¤ÂY«, f®ehlf¤ÂY« V‰g£l thçRçik¥ nghiu ÃuÂgè¤J, 1748š 2tJ f®ehlf
ngh® cUthdJ. M§»nyaU¡F« ÃbuŠRfhu®fS¡F« Ïilna eilbg‰w Ï¥nghçš
M§»nya® bt‰¿ bg‰wd®.
Ïuhg®£ »is› f®ehlf¤Â‹ jiyef® M‰fh£il K‰Wifæ£L ÃbuŠR¡fhu®fshš
Mjç¡f¥g£l rªjh rh»¥ig njh‰fo¤J KfkJ mèia eth¥ghf gjéæš mk®¤Âajhš
‚M‰fh£L Åu®‛ vd¥g£lh®. ÏJ 1755š gh©o¢nrç cl‹go¡ifæ‹go KoΡF tªjJ
3tJ f®ehlf ngh®:-
».Ã.1756š Inuh¥ghéš V‰g£l VHh©L¥ nghç‹ vÂbuhèahf ϪÂahéš 3tJ
f®ehlf ngh® (1756-63) eilbg‰wJ.
3tJ f®ehlf ngh® ».Ã.1763š ghç° rkhjhd cl‹go¡if _y« KoΡF tªjJ.
Ãç£oZ ϪÂahé‹ ft®d® b#dušfŸ
thu‹ nA°o§° (1772-85)
thu‹ nA°o§° t§fhs¤Â‹ Kjš jiyik MSe® (éšèa« nfh£ilæ‹ Kjš
jiyik MSe®)
».Ã.1770š ϪÂahéš fLikahd gŠr« cUthd Ïl« t§fhs«
t§fhs¤Â‹ jiyik MSeuhf gjéna‰w M©L 1774
thu‹ nA°o§° Ïu£ilah£Á Kiwæid xê¤jh®.
kht£l M£Áa® (Collector) v‹w gjéæid cUth¡»dh®
t§fhs¤Â‹ MSeiu éšèa« nfh£ilæ‹ ft®d® b#duyhf kh‰¿a r£l« -
xG§FKiw - r£l« 1773
1772š M§»nya ϪÂahé‹ jiyefukhf bfhšf¤jh (1772-1911) efu¤ij V‰gL¤Âdh®
bfhšf¤jhé‹ éšèa« nfh£ilæš c¢rÚÂk‹w¤Âid V‰gL¤Âa r£l« - xG§FKiw¢
r£l« 1773
Kjš jiyik ÚÂg r® vè#h Ï«ng.
xG§FKiw r£l¤Â‹ FiwghLfis Ú¡f m¿Kf¥gL¤j¥g£l r£l« - ã ϪÂa r£l«
(1784)
Ïu©lh« ikN® ngh® (1780-84)
cldo fhuz« - khï gFÂiaM§»nya® jh¡Fjš
1781š eilbg‰w ngh®nlh nehnth nghçš iAj® mèia M§»nya jsgç r® ma®T£
njh‰fo¤jh®
Ij® mè ñ‰Wnehædhš kuzkilªj M©L 1782
k§fq® cl‹go¡if (1784) Â¥ñthš ifbaG¤Âl¥g£lJ.
1780š ‚bg§fhš bfr£‛ v‹w M§»y thu ÏjiH n#«° mf°l° ï¡» bjhl§»dh®.
ϪÂahé‹ Kjš g¤Âç¡if ‚bg§fhš bfr£‛ MF«
Ï°yhäa fšé ts®¢Á¡fhf ».Ã.1781š fšf¤jhéš kju[h fšé ãWtd¤ij
bjhl§»dh®.
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thâg¢ Ó®ÂU¤j§fis nk‰bfhŸs tâf thça« (Board of Trade) mik¤jh®
F‰w érhuiz¡F c£gL¤j¥g£l Kjš jiyik MSe®- thu‹ nA°o§°
fhu‹thè° Ãuñ – (1786-93)
ã®thf«, Ú¤Jiwæ‹ mÂfhu§fis Ãç¤j Kjš jiyik MSe® ‚kht£l ÚÂgÂ‛ v‹w
gjéæid cUth¡»dh®.
fhu‹thè° Ãuñ ϪÂa®fS¡F Áéš r®Åirm¿Kf¥gL¤Âdh® vdnt‚ϪÂa
M£Ágâ¤Jiwæ‹ jªij‛ (IAS) vd miH¡f¥gL»wh®
_‹whtJ ikN® ngh® Koéš 1792š $u§fg£od ngh® cl‹go¡if ifbaG¤jhdJ.
».Ã.1793š ‚fhu‹ thè° r£l¤ bjhF¥Ãid‛ r® #h®{ gh®nyh bjhF¤J btëæ£lh®.
fhu‹thè° Ãuñé‹ Kj‹ik Ó®ÂU¤j« ãiyahd ãytç¤Â£l« (1793) (t§fhs«, Õfh®)
ãuªju ãytç¤Â£l« Kj‹Kjèš m¿Kf¥gL¤j¥g£l Ïl« - t§fhs« MF«.
fhu‹thè° Ãuñ ϪÂahéš ãiyahd fhtš Jiwia mik¤jh®.
3tJ ikN®ngh® (1790-92) $u§f g£od« cl‹go¡if
r® #h‹nôh®(1793-1798)
Ït® Ëg‰¿a bfhŸif jiyælh¡ bfhŸif 1793š g£la r£l¤Âid (Kjšg£la¢
r£l«) Ïa‰¿a jiyik MSe® r® #h‹nôh®
btšby°è Ãuñ (1798-1805)
ϪÂahéš ÃbuŠ¢ M¡f¤Â‰F KoÎ f£oat® btšby°è
1798š Jiz¥gil £l¤ij btšby°è Ãuñ m¿Kf« brŒjh®.
Kj‹Kjyhf Ï«Kiwia Ëg‰¿aJ ÃbuŠR ft®d® oó¥ns Mth®.
Jiz¥gil £l¤ij V‰w Kjš ϪÂa muR Ijuhgh¤ (1798), jŠir k‹d® runghí (1799)
Nu¤ eth¥ (1800), f®ehlfh eth¥ (1801), kuh¤Âa ÕZth Ïu©lh« ghíuh›
(1802) mnah¤Â, ngh‹nyh, ÁªÂah, n#h¤ñ®, b#Œò®,bk¡»ç, gu¤ò®, Õfh®, ò©o M»a
muRfS« Jiz¥gil £l¤ij V‰W¡ bfh©ld®.
btšby°è Ãuñ M§»y »H¡»ªÂa tâf FGé‹ m¡g® vd miH¡f¥gL»wh®.
4tJ ikN® ngh® - 1799
r® #h®{ gh®nyh (1805-1807)
ntÿ® fyf« eilbg‰w nghJ ϪÂa jiyik MSeuhf ÏUªjh®.
ntÿ® fyf¤Â‹ nghJ br‹id MSe® éšèa« bg©o§ Ãuñ
Ï¡fyf¤ij ml¡»a uhQtjsg f®dš »šby°Ã
‚1857 M« M©L khbgU« ñu£Á¡F K‹ndho‛ vd ntÿ® fyf¤ij miH¤jt®
V.D.rth®¡f®
Kjyh« ä©nlh Ãuò (».Ã.1807-1813)
Ïuh#h uŠÁ¤ Á§Fl‹ mä®jru° cl‹go¡ifæid (V¥uš 25, 1809) brŒJ bfh©l
jiyik MSe® Ïtnu.
kh®Fé° nA°o§° Ãuò (1813-23)
M§»nya it°uhŒfŸ
fhå§Ãuò (1856-1862)
M§»y »H¡»ªÂa f«bgåæ‹ (EIC) (Ãç£oZ ϪÂahé‹) filÁ ft®d® b#duš
Ãç£oZ ϪÂahé‹ Kjš itÁuhŒ fhå§Ãuñ
itÁuhŒ v‹gj‹ bghUŸ mur¥ÃuÂãÂ
bfhšf¤jh, K«ig, br‹id gšfiy¡ fHf§fŸ Jt¡»a nghJ (1857) itÁauhf ÏUªjt®
- fhå§Ãuò
General Services Enlistment Act (bghJ¥ g⢠r£l« 1856 Éiy 25š bfh©L tªjh® -
fhå§Ãuò
Á¥ghŒ fyf¤Âš g§F bfh©l ϪÂa®fS¡F fUiz fh£o k‹å¥ñ më¤jjhš ‚
fUizäF fhå§‛ vd¥g£lh®.
1858š Kj‹Kjèš tUkhd tçæid (Income Tax) m¿Kf« brŒjh®
1857 M« M©L bgU« òu£Á elªj nghJ itÁauhf ÏUªjt® fhå§Ãuò
Á¥ghŒ fyf¤Â‹ nghJ ϪÂa nguur® vd Ãufld¥gL¤j¥g£lt® 2« gfõ® ôh
r®#h‹ yhuh‹° Ãuñ (1864-68)
ϪÂa td¤ Jiwæid cUth¡»dh®
nknahÃuò (1869-72)
v»¥Âš Na° fhšthŒ Âw¡f¥g£l M©L – 1869
nknah Ãuò 1872š Kj‹ Kjyhf ϪÂahéš k¡fŸ bjhif fz¡bfL¥ñ Kiwæid
m¿Kf¥gL¤Âdh®.
M£Áæš ÏU¡F« nghnj gLbfhiy brŒa¥g£l Kjš itÁuhŒ - nknah Ãuò
Statistical Survey of India njh‰Wé¤jt®- nknah Ãuò
ntsh©ik k‰W« tâf¤Jiwia njh‰Wé¤jt®- nknah Ãuò
è£l‹ Ãuñ (1876-80)
1877š blšè j®ghçš ‚ϪÂahé‹ nguuÁ‛ vd Ãufld¥gL¤j¥g£lt® ϧ»yhªJ
eh£L é¡nlhçah kfhuhâ
t£lhu bkhê¥ g¤Âç¡if r£l« Ïa‰w¥g£l M©L – 1878, Ï¢r£l¤Â‹ ntW bga® -
thŒ¥ò£L r£l«
1878-79š Áéš r®Å° nj®Î taÂid mÂf g£r« 21èUªJ 19 Mf Fiw¤j itÁuhŒ
è£l‹ Ãuñ
ϪÂah KGtJ« xnu khÂçahd c¥ò tçia é¤jh®
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1878 ϪÂa MÍj r£l« -Ï¢r£l¤Â‹go ϪÂa®fŸ MÍj« th§»dhY« é‰whY«
mDk bgw nt©L«
ç¥g‹ Ãuñ (1880-84)
1881š ϪÂahéš Kj‹ Kjyhf bjhê‰rhiy r£l¤Âid Ïa‰¿dh®
1881š ϪÂahéš Kj‹ Kjyhf Kiwahd k¡fŸ bjhif fz¡bfL¥Ãid ãfœ¤Âa
itÁuhŒ ç¥g‹ Ãuñ (k¡fŸ bjhif 25.4 nfho (m) 254 äšèa‹.
t£lhu bkhê g¤Âç¡if r£l« Ú¡f« - 1882š Ú¡f¥g£lJ
cŸsh£Á muR Ô®khd« (Local self Government) ãiwnt‰w« - 1882
jy Rah£Áæ‹ jªij – ç¥g‹ Ãuò
‚ç¥g‹ v§fŸ m¥g‹‛ vd T¿at®fŸ – ϪÂa®fŸ
A©l® fšé¡FG ãaä¡f¥g£l M©L – 1882
A©l® fšé FG c£° m¿¡if (Woods Despatch) ‹ brašgh£il Muha
ãaä¡f¥g£lJ
A©l® fšé FG bjhl¡f fšé¡F K¡»a¤Jt« tH§»aJ.
ç¥g‹ Ãuñ fhy¤Âš Ú¤Jiwæš kh‰w¤ij V‰gL¤Âa knrhjh Ïšg®£ knrhjh – 1883
ç¥g‹ khefuh£Á f£ol« mikªJŸs Ïl« - br‹id
l~¥ç‹ Ãuñ (».Ã.1884-1888)
ϪÂa njÁa fh§»u° Jt¡f« or«g® 28, 1885 bjhl§f¥g£l Ïl« - K«ig
ϪÂa njÁa fh§»uir ‚X® E©âa ÁWgh‹ikik FGéd®‛ vd t®â¤jt® -
l~¥ç‹ Ãuñ.
ϪÂa njÁa fh§»u° bjhl§f¥g£l nghJ ϪÂa itÁuhŒ l¥ç‹ Ãuñ
01.01.1886š tl g®kh Ãç£oZ ϪÂahnthL Ïiz¡f¥g£lJ
ϪÂa njÁa fh§»uir bjhl§»at® A.O. ïô«
ϪÂa njÁa fh§»uÁ‹ jªij vd My‹ M¡nlhéa‹ ïóik T¿at®. W.C.ghd®í
f®r‹ Ãuñ (1899-1905)
bjhšbghUŸ ghJfh¥ñ Jiwæid f®r‹Ãuñ cWth¡»dh®.
gH§fhy ãidÎ ghJfh¥ñ¢ r£l« f®r‹ Ãuñ fhy¤Âš ãiwnt‰w¥g£lJ.
Kj‹Kjèš CID Jiwia cUth¡»dh® f®r‹Ãuñ
f®r‹Ãuñthš étrha MuhŒ¢Á ika« òrhéš (t§fhs«) bjhl§f¥g£lJ
t§f¤ij Ïu©lhf (»H¡F/ nk‰F ) Ãç¤j itÁuhŒ f®r‹Ãuñ (1905)
M§»nya xsu§fÓ¥ vd miH¡f¥g£l itÁuhŒ – f®r‹Ãuò
f®r‹Ãuñit xsu§fÓ¥nghL x¥Ã£L ngÁaϪÂa¤ jiyt® - G.K nfhfny
Ïu©lh« ä©nlh Ãuò (1910-16)
blšè j®gh® or«g® 12, 1911
t§f¥Ãçéid u¤J brŒa¥g£l M©L – 1911
Ãç£oZ ϪÂahé‹ jiyefiu bfhšf¤jhé‰F blšè¡F kh‰w¥g£l M©L – 1911
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V V Illam, No. 2/237-1, Arunachalam Street, Kambatham Ramadoss Nagar, Latteri, Vellore -632202
www.youtube.com/@vvmathsacademy4777
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