MEISSNER EFFECT

IN SUPERCONDUCTORS
BY SAMEER TRIPATHI

INTRODUCTION
Superconductivity: A state of matter where materials
exhibit zero electrical resistance when cooled below a
critical temperature. Enables technologies like MRI
machines, particle accelerators, and high-speed trains.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDS
1911: Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovers superconductivity
in mercury.
1933: Walther Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld observe
the Meissner effect in superconductors.

MEISSNER EFFECT
Definition: The expulsion of magnetic flux from within a
superconductor leads to perfect diamagnetism.
London's equations: Description of the Meissner effect,
explaining the behavior of superconducting electrons in a
magnetic field.

APPLICATIONS
Magnetic levitation trains: Utilize the Meissner effect to
achieve frictionless movement and efficient
transportation.
SQUIDs: Highly sensitive devices for detecting minute
changes in magnetic fields, used in research and industry.