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1. Also known as the ventilatory period a. Airway resistance is increasing

➔ Total cycle time b. Airway resistance is decreasing
2. Which of the following is the simplified form of the c. Lung compliance is increasing
Poiseuille equation? d. Lung compliance is decreasing
a. ∆P = V/r2 10. During ventilator checks 6 hours later, you notice the PIP
b. ∆P = (V + 1) r has been gradually increasing. What could be the cause
c. ∆P = V x r2 of this occurrence?
d. ∆P = V/r4 1. Bronchospasm
3. For volume control modes, ___________ is/are useful in 2. Accumulation of secretions
displaying overdistension 3. Increasing pulmonary compliance
a. Pressure – flow loop 4. Decreasing airway resistance
b. Flow – volume loop
c. Pressure – volume loop a. 1 and 2 only
d. Flow- time scalar b. 2 and 3 only
4. Which of the following is considered a normal c. 3 and 4 only
spontaneous tidal volume? d. 1, 2, and 3 only
a. 3 to 5 ml/kg
b. 5 to 7 ml/kg
c. 7 to 9 ml/kg
1. If the flow rate were to be decreased on a pressure preset
d. 10 to 12 ml/kg
ventilator, which of all the other settings remained the
5. In pressure-controlled ventilation, the delivered volume is
same, what would be the result?
increased when the patient’s:
a. The delivered tidal volume would increase
a. Compliance or airway resistance is increased
b. The ventilatory rate would increase
b. Compliance or airway resistance is decreased
c. The inspiratory time would decrease
c. Compliance is increased or airway resistance is
d. The inspiratory pressure would increase
decreased
2. Compute the inspiratory time necessary t ensure 98% of
d. Compliance is decreased or airway resistance is
the volume is delivered to an intubated patient with a Cs
increased
= 40 ml/cm H2O and the Raw = 1 cm H2O/(L/sec)
6. The patient-ventilator data over the past few hours
a. 0.04 sec
demonstrated as increased pea inspiratory pressure
b. 0.16 sec
(PIP) with a constant trans airway pressure (PTA). The
c. 1.6 sec
respiratory therapist should conclude which of the
d. 4 sec
following?
3. Which of the following are desirable effects of positive
A. Static compliance (CS) has increased
end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)?
B. Static compliance (CS) has decreased
I. Increase compliance
C. Airway resistance (Raw) has increased
II. Reduced alveolar collapse
D. Airway resistance (Raw) has decreased
III. Increased FRC
7. When volume-controlled ventilation is used, the (PIP -
IV. Decreased shunting
PPLAT) gradient is directly related to the:
a. Patient’s airway resistance
a. II and IV
b. Frequency
b. I, II, and III
c. FiO2
c. III and IV
d. Patient’s lung compliance
d. I, II, III, and IV
8. A COPD patient is being mechanically ventilated with the
4. If a ventilator that is a flow controller and the operator
following settings:
increases the inspiratory time so that it is longer than the
• Mode: assist-control inspiratory time, then..
• Tidal volume: 900 ml a. The ventilator will be time cycled
• Ventilatory rate: 10 breaths/min b. The ventilator will be volume-limited
• FiO2: 0.30 c. The I:E ratio will be larger
• I:E ratio: 1:2 d. All of the above
• PEEP: 3cm H2O e. None of the above
• Peak inspiratory flow rate: 30L/min 5. For adolescents in the 8 – 16 year range, which of the
following ranges of ventilatory parameters is appropriate?
*** B sagot dito, di na-picturan choices Rate Tidal volume
a. 30 – 49/min 6 – 8 ml/kg
9. The values below pertain to a patient who is being
b. 20 – 30/min 8 – 10 ml/kg
mechanically ventilated with a measured exhaled tidal
c. 8 – 12/min 12 – 15 ml/kg
volume (VT) of 700 ml d. 8 – 12/min 8 – 10 ml/kg
e. 20 – 30/min 12 – 15 ml/kg
Time Peak inspiratory Plateau Pressure
6. Primary drive mechanisms used by modern ventilators
Pressure (cm (cm H2O)
H2O) include which of the following?
0800 35 30 1. Compressed gas
1000 39 34 2. Hydraulic or fluidic compressor
1100 45 39 3. Electrical motor
1130 50 44
Analysis of this data points to which of the following a. 1 and 2 only
conclusions? b. 1 and 3 only
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c. 2 and 3 only c. I and II only
d. 1, 2, and 3 d. I and IV only
7. When airway resistance increases, the patient commonly 3. The following data are collected from a patient receiving
manifeests a/an: volume controlled ventilation:
I. Increased ventilatory rate
II. Decreased tidal volume PEEP level PaO2 PVO2 VT
III. Increased tidal volume 6 cm H2O 64 torr 35 torr 800 mL
8 cm H2O 70 torr 38 torr 800 ml
IV. Decreased ventilatory rate
10 cm H2O 75 torr 43 torr 800 ml
a. II only
12 cm H2O 80 torr 37 torr 800 ml
b. III only *** D sagot dito, hindi na-picturan choices
c. III and IV only
d. I and II only 4. Which of the following ventilator modes could be selected
8. In order to generate an expiration, the following condition when it is desirable to maintain respiratory muscle
must be present: strength?
a. Lung pressure must be higher than the pressure at I. IMV mode
the airway opening II. Assist-control mode
b. Pressure at the airway opening must be higher than III. Synchronized IMV mode
body surface pressure IV. Control mode
c. Body surface pressure must be higher than the
pressure at the airway opening a. I, II only
d. Body surface pressure must be lower than lung b. I, III only
pressure c. I, II, III only
9. The following data have been collected from a 70-kg d. III, IV only
(154-lb) patient receiving volume- controlled ventilation. 5. An elderly 48-kg, severe COPD patient is receiving
Mode: assist/control, ABGs: , Ventilator rate: 12/min, pH: mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure.
7.37, PaCO2: 42 torr, VT: 750 ml, PaO2: 161 torr., FiO2:
0.80, HCO3: 25 mEq/L, PEEP: 10 cmH2O, BE: 0. On the Her ventilator settings include:
basis of these data, which of the following ventilator
setting changes should the respiratory therapist • Mode: assist-control
recommend? • Ventilatory rate: 12 breaths/min
A. Decrease VT to 700 mL • Peak inspiratory flow rate: 30 L/min
B. Decrease PEEP to 8 cm H2O • Tidal volume: 500 cc
C. Increase the ventilator rate to 15/min • FiO2: 0.40
D. Decrease FiO2 to 0.70
10. The CRT is called to the recover room to assist with The CRT notes that the patient cycles on ventilator 24
mechanically ventilating a 58-year-old obese, breaths/min. the patient’s work of breathing (WOB)
postoperative patient who weighs 125 kg and is 5 ft. 3 in. appears to be increasing. The physician asks for the
tall. Which of the following tidal volumes will be most CRT’s recommendation but indicates that he does not
appropriate to ventilate this patient? want to change the ventilatory mode at this time. The CRT
a. 350 ml should recommend:
b. 800 ml
c. 1,000 ml A. Decreasing the flow rate to decrease the inspiratory
d. 1250 ml time
B. Increasing the tidal volume to decrease the
inspiratory time
C. Increasing the flow rate to decrease the inspiratory
1. While monitoring a patient receiving mechanical time
ventilation, the CRT has determined that auto-PEEP is D. Increasing the ventilatory rate to lengthen the
present. Which of the following ventilator adjustments can expiratory time
she make to rectify this situation?
I. Increase the ventilatory rate
II. Lengthen the expiratory time
III. Shorten the inspiratory time 1. It is the key feature of ventilatory failure where the
IV. Increase the tidal volume hypoxemia may follow as a secondary complication after
its occurrence
a. I, IV only ➔ Hypercapnia
b. II, III only 2. Compared to a pressure-controlled strategy, what is the
c. II, III, IV only primary advantage of volume-controlled ventilatory
d. II, IV only support?
2. If alveolar Unit A has two times more airway resistance a. Provides a decelerating flow pattern
(Raw) than alveolar Unit B, the: b. Limits and controls peak airway pressures
I. Time constant of Unit B is shorter than Unit A c. Improves patient-ventilator synchrony
II. Inflation time of Unit A is longer than Unit B d. Guarantees a minimum minute ventilation
III. Time constants of Unit A and B are the same 3. To describe what happens during the expiratory phase of
IV. Inflation time of Unit B is longer than Unit A mechanical ventilation, you must know the value of which
variable?
a. I only a. Limit
b. III only b. Cycle
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c. Trigger c. Body surface pressure must be higher than airway
d. Baseline pressure
4. Which of the following means ending inspiratory time d. Pleural pressure must be lower than body surface
independent on signals? pressure
a. Patient-triggering 3. Which of the following factors affect PaO2 in
b. Machine-triggering mechanically ventilated patients?
c. Patient-cycling’ I. Tidal volume
d. Machine-cycling II. Mean airway pressure
5. Which of the following devices is considered to be the first III. I:E ratio
electrically powered negative-pressure ventilator? IV. FiO2
a. The bird a. I, II, III only
b. The iron lung b. I, IV only
c. The chest cuirass c. III, IV only
d. The rocking bed d. I, II, III, IV
6. The respiratory therapist should expect which of the e. II and IV only
following findings while ventilating a patient with acute 4. The CRT is working with a mechanically ventilated patient
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? who is receiving controlled-volume ventilation. If an
a. An elevated plateau pressure (Pplateau) inflation hold were activated what effect would this
b. A decreased elastic resistance ventilator change have on the ventilator system?
c. A low peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) a. Increased PIP
d. A large transairway pressure (PTA) gradient b. Increased mean airway pressure
7. A patient receiving mechanical ventilation has a PIP of 46 c. Decreased static pressure
cm H2O and a plateau pressure of 38 cm H2O. what d. Decreased tidal volume
pressure is required to overcome the resistance of the 5. Which of the following lung units would be most prone to
airways? air trapping?
a. 0.83 cm H2O a. One with high resistance and low compliance
b. 1.20 cm H2O b. One with low resistance and low compliance
c. 8.00 cm H2O c. One with normal resistance and low compliance
d. 84.00 cm H2O d. One with high resistance and high compliance
8. What is the most appropriate ventilator VT setting on a 6. A physician orders intubation and mechanical ventilation
75-kg (165-lb) drug overdose patient? in the synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation
a. 400 ml mode for a 160-lb adult man with a history of chronic
b. 500 ml obstructive pulmonary disease. Which of the following
c. 700 ml settings would you recommed?
d. 900 ml A. Rate: 12 breaths/min; VT: 500 ml
9. The four basic mechanical characteristics of a ventilator B. Rate: 15 breaths/min; VT: 550 ml
are: C. Rate: 20 breaths/min; VT: 300 ml
➔ Input power D. Rate: 16 breaths/min; VT: 500 ml
➔ Power conversion 7. Which of the following flow patterns would potentially be
➔ Control system most beneficial in ventilating an adult respiratory distress
➔ Output syndrome patient?
10. Dynamic hyperinflation might be caused by any of the a. Sine wave flow pattern
following except: b. Accelerating flow pattern
a. Increased airway resistance c. Decelerating flow pattern
b. Increased ventilatory frequency d. Square wave flow pattern
c. Decreased lung elastance 8. Which of the following combinations of ventilator settings
d. Increased expiratory time will provide an I:E ratio of 1:2?
I. TI 1.0 sec; ventilatory rate 20 breaths/min
II. TI 1.0 sec; ventilatory rate 24 breaths/min
III. TI 0.6 sec; ventilatory rate 24 breaths/min
1. Which of the following factors must be known to ascertain
IV. TI 0.5 sec; ventilatory rate 20 breaths/min
the volume compressed in the ventilator circuit attached
to a ventilator delivering a preset volume?
a. II only
I. PIP
b. I, IV only
II. Tidal volume delivered by the ventilator
c. II, III only
III. Compliance of the ventilator circuit
d. I, II, IV only
IV. PEEP
9. All of the following are true about the equation of motion
for the respiratory system except:
a. II, IV only
a. Equates muscle pressure and ventilator pressure to
b. I, III, IV only
elastic resistive loads
c. I, II, III only
b. Relates pressure, volume, and flow, as functions of
d. I, II, III, IV
time
2. In order to generate inspiration, the following condition
c. Treats volume, pressure, and flow as constants while
must be present.
elastance and resistance are variables
a. Lung pressure must be higher than the pressure at
d. Is a mathematical model describing the physical
the airway opening
characteristics of flow-conducting tube connected to
b. Airway pressure must be higher than body surface
an elastic compartment
pressure
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10. Which of the following sets of inspiratory time (I time) and • PO2 90 torr
expiratory time (E time) does not equal on I:E ratio of 1:2? • PCO2 32 torr
• pH 7.49
I time (sec) E time (sec)
• HCO3 23 mEq/L
a. 2.0 4.0
b. 1.5 3.0 If the physician wishes to achieve a PaCO2 of 25 torr for
c. 0.8 1.6
the patient, the CRT should recommend
d. 2.0 1.0
I. decreasing the ventilatory rate.
II. changing to the assist-control mode.
1. A patient is receiving mechanical ventilation with a
III. increasing the tidal volume.
pressure-cycled ventilator. The patient suddenly
IV. adding mechanical dead space.
develops bronchospasm. What influences will this
V. increasing the ventilatory rate.
pathologic change have on the mechanical ventilator?
I. The ventilator will terminate inspiration earlier
a. I, III only
II. A reduced tidal volume will be delivered
b. II, IV only
III. The inspiratory time will increase
c. II only
IV. The inspiratory flow rate will decrease
a. I, II only d. III, V only
b. I, IV only
c. II, III, IV only
d. I, II, IV only 1. Calculate the inspiratory-expiratory ratio of a time- cycled,
2. An adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patient pressure-limited infant ventilator delivering a ventilatory
has been changed from the control mode via a volume rate of 60 breaths/minute with an inspiratory time of 0.6
ventilator to the pressure-control mode with a resulting seconds to a neonate who has respiratory distress
increase in the mean airway pressure. Which of the syndrome.
following statements are true regarding an increased a. 2:1
mean airway pressure? b. 8. 1.5:1
c. 0.67:1
*** A sagot, di na-picturan choices d. 1:1
2. A ventilator and its circuit have a 4 ml/cm H2O
3. If alveolar Unit A has twice the compliance of alveolar Unit
compression factor. If the tidal volume is set to 800ml, and
B. the:
the peak pressure is 50cm H2O, what volume does the
I. Volume in Unit B is essentially the same as the
patient actually receive?
volume in Unit A
a. 1000 ml
II. Time constant of Unit A is twice as long as Unit
b. 800 ml
B
c. 750 ml
III. Volume in Unit B is one-half the volume of Unit
d. 600 ml
A
e. 500 ml
IV. Time constant of Unit B is essentially the same
as Unit A

a. I only
b. III only
c. I and IV only
d. II and III only
4. A volume-cycled constant pressure generator that
maintains a constant rate (an opposed to a preset
expiratory time) is being used to ventilate a patient in the
CMV control mode. Which of the following changes would
occur if the patient’s airway resistance were to increase?
I. The system pressure will increase
II. The minute ventilation will decrease
III. The inspiratory time will increase
IV. The I:E ratio will increase
a. I, II, and III
b. II and IV
c. I and III
d. I, III, and IV
5. A 32 year old craniotomy patient has just returned
recovery room and is still anesthetized. She is receiving
mechanical ventilation on the following settings:
• Mode: SIMV
• Ventilatory rate: 8 breaths/min.
• Tidal volume: 800 ml
• FIO2: 0.60
• PEEP: 5 cmH20

Her ABG and acid-base data are as follows: