Geolog6.6.1 Correlation Tutorial

GEOLOG 6.6.
1
Correlation Tutorial
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Contents
Introduction to Geolog's Correlation Tutorial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Document Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Tutorial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Correlation Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Create a Project Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Creating a New Project Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Creating a REFERENCE Set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Creating a Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Load a Project Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Deleting Previously Created WELL_PROJECT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Loading Supplied WELL_PROJECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Editing the Loaded Project Well. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Using the Scheme Editing Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Customizing a Correlation View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Defining Wells in the Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Setting Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Setting the Display Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Changing Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Working with Correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Inserting Surface Picks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Inserting Interval Picks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Inserting Picks Using Ghosting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Editing Picks Graphically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Stratigraphic Cross-Section (Flattening) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Interwell Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Additional Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Creating a Section Line in Mapsheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Calculating TVD/TVT/TST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Creating a Structural Cross-Section using TVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial 12 / 2006 Contents 1

Introduction to Geolog's Correlation Tutorial
Welcome to the Geolog Correlation tutorial.
This tutorial is designed for users of Paradigm’s Geolog Well product. It teaches you how to
use Correlation by guiding you through the procedures to:
• Create a Project well

• Load an existing Project well and modify it
• Modify and save layout properties
• Create and edit schemes
• Use scheme tracks for stratigraphic interpretation
• Add interpreted geological surfaces
Prerequisites
A good working knowledge of Geolog6 is required and you should be proficient in using
Geolog's Well, Connect and Project applications. You should also have a good understanding
of log manipulation and interrogation.
Document Conventions
In this document, all INPUT to the computer is in Bold Courier New, while all OUTPUT from
the computer is in Courier New, but not bold.
Tutorial Data
The following additional files (files not supplied with software) are used in this tutorial:
DATA: stars_master.unl REPORTS:

LAYOUTS: SECTIONS: comet
LOGLAN: SPECS:
PLOTS: WELLS: atlas, botein, capella, deneb, gomeisa,
tegmen_1a, tegmen_1b, tegmen_1c,
tegmen_1d, well_project
Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Introduction 1

Correlation Overview
Geolog’s Correlation view provides the following functions:
• Well displays
• Layouts - specified well-by-well
• Correlations - define interactively
• Interval schemes
• Surface schemes
Introduction
While comprehensive support of zonal hierarchies is provided, it is also straight forward to
work with simple one-level hierarchies, i.e. single columns showing lithologies, biostratigraphy
zones etc.
A well drilled through the subsurface encounters a rock interval. This interval can be broken
down into smaller intervals, or alternatively grouped with similar intervals as part of a larger
scheme. This is the basis of hierarchy, and an understanding of hierarchy is fundamental to
correlating subsurface geology.
Hierarchy requires the ability to classify the subsurface rocks into a structure of groups, and
in turn to be able to split each group into separate formations etc.
There are strict rules controlling the hierarchy, which is dependant on the way the sedimentary
layers are created.
The sedimentary process allows us to define these 2 simple rules:
• Sedimentary layers cannot cross other sedimentary layers.

• A unit is subdivided into subunits, and these subunits are solely linked to that
unit.
Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Correlation Overview 2

The terminology used in this tutorial for describing the hierarchy relationships between zones
is explained below:
Term Description
Interval Scheme Defined by a series of geological levels, such as groups, members, formations and
beds.
Body A body is a defined geological interval belonging to any level. For instance, whether
it is a major group or a bed that has been defined within a sand-shale sequence.
A body is subdivided into a series of smaller parts at a lower level. Each one of these
is referred to as a child body.
Inversely, the body is part of a higher-level body that is referred to as the parent
body.
The body at the same level that shares the same parent is called a sibling body.
Surface Scheme Defined by a series of tops.
Scheme Track The scheme track is added within a layout to display the Interval and surface
schemes to correlate across wells.
Correlator enables users to correlate either by picks (using surface schemes) or by zones
(using interval schemes).
A project may contain one or more schemes.
Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Correlation Overview 3

Step 1: Create a Project Well
Procedure
To be able to correlate across wells in a project, a Project well (WELL_PROJECT) needs to be
defined. The Project well is like any other well but it has a special role in storing the schemes for
your project. Within a project there is only one Project well which contains all the schemes
necessary for that project. The following exercises explain how to set up the Project well using
Geolog’s Well application. You will:
• Open the Well application and create a new Project well

• Create a Reference set
• Create a simple interval scheme
• Create a simple surface scheme
Exercise 1
Creating a New Project Well

There are two ways to create a Project well; firstly to create a new well and
secondly to load the default Project well supplied with Geolog. In this step we will
create a new well. In Step 2 we will load the default Project well.
1. If required, start Geolog and open the STARS project.
2. Start the Well application.
3. Create a new well - select Well > New and call it WELL_PROJECT.
This creates a well called WELL_PROJECT which only contains a

WELL_HEADER set.
Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 1: Create a Project Well 4

Exercise 2
Creating a REFERENCE Set

Wells need to have a reference set. REFERENCE sets are usually created when
logs are loaded or created and it is not normally recommended that REFEERENCE
sets are deleted or edited. However, the Project well is a special case. The Project
well does not contain any logs, it will only contain schemes for your project. To
create a scheme, however, we need a REFERENCE set. So in this instance we
need to create one.
1. Start a new text view Well > View > New > Text.
2. Select Insert > Set to open the Set Create dialog box and populate, referring
to Figure 1.
Figure 1: Creating a REFERENCE set.
3. Click Create.
4. Save the well.

Exercise 3
Creating a Scheme
As mentioned in the Introduction, there are some special rules that hierarchy must
obey. There are some restrictions that have been built into Correlator that follow
these common geological rules and aid in correlating zones in the correlation view.
Child bodies, by default inherit the same properties as their Parent body, however,
each child body can be separately altered.
When applying a scheme to the wells, a child body cannot be correlated until the
parent body has been correlated.
Each scheme created is stored as a single set within the Project well. There is no
direct relationship between the schemes. Depending on your requirements one or
more schemes can be created for your project, for example a lithostratigraphic
scheme, a biostratigraphic scheme etc.
Schemes are created in a layout view using a scheme track.
Note: When formatting a scheme track, if a new scheme is specified, the scheme will not be
created until data has been entered using Tools > Scheme Edit.
To create a scheme
1. Select Well > View > New > Layout.
2. Select Edit > Properties to open the Layout Properties dialog box.
3. Insert a Scale track and a Scheme track.

Scheme tracks are used to display and create project schemes. There are
two types of schemes, interval and surface:
— Interval schemes are defined by a series of geological levels, such as
groups, members, formations, and beds.
— Surface schemes are defined by a series of tops picks.
4. In the scheme track we are going to define a new interval set called
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY. Fill in the details using Figure 2 as a guide.

Figure 2: Setting the Interval Scheme properties.
5. Insert a second scheme track. We are going to define a new surface set
called TOPS. Define the properties using Figure 3 as a guide.

Figure 3: Setting the Surface Scheme properties.
6. Select OK.
7. Save the layout as scheme_edit.layout.
8. In the layout, select the CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY track and select

Tools > Scheme Edit to display the Scheme Interval Edit dialog box.
Note: The schemes created in the following steps are just examples of how to create schemes in
a Project well and are therefore not comprehensive schemes. In Step 2 we will load an
existing Project well which contains a comprehensive interval scheme.

Figure 4: Scheme Interval Edit dialog box.
9. First we need to insert a level - select the Insert Level Before icon.
This inserts a level which consists of one body that covers the extent of the
Project well.
) An interval scheme can have one or more levels. The first level can be
inserted using the Insert Level Before icon or the Insert Level After icon.
10. Change the level name from LEVEL1 to EON and click the return arrow button.
The scheme track is updated to reflect these changes as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5: Scheme Interval Edit dialog box.
The next step is to separate the body into its individual siblings.
11. Click the Split Body icon to split the inserted body into two bodies.
) When a body is split or a child added the new body is given a unique name.
The name allocated (e.g., UNNAMED_580) is not displayed on the scheme
track.
The split line is inserted at 1000 ft.
12. Click in the first body to select it and change it from UNNAMED to
Phanerozoic.
13. Change the body’s top limit by typing 5 in the Top field.
14. Change the bottom limit by middle mouse clicking on the split (1000 ft) and
dragging the mouse down to 1050 ft.
) The top and bottom limits can be changed graphically by grabbing the split
and moving using the middle mouse button or via the dialog box by typing
in new values.
An example of the changes is shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6: Example of insert phanerozoic body with limits.
15. Change the color of Phanerozoic.
Figure 7: Scheme Interval Edit Dialog.
16. Now add another level, this time using the Add level After icon.

A sub-level will be added to the right of the selected body in the scheme. This
new level will be split by default into the same zones as the previous level and
each of these child bodies will inherit the properties of its parent body. See
Figure 8.
Figure 8: New level (LEVEL2) added with inherited properties.
17. Select the top body in the new level and name this level ERA.
18. To split the selected body into 3 bodies;

— click the Split Body icon to split the body into two bodies
— select the top body and split it again
19. Select the first body and name it Cenozoic, the second Mesozoic, and the
third Paleozoic.
20. Change the top and bottom values to 0-200, 200-400, 400-600
respectively.
21. Change the color of each body.

22. Select the Mesozoic body and change the line style. Note the changes on the
layout. See Figure 9 shown as an example.
Figure 9: ERA level split into 3 bodies.
23. Close the Scheme Interval Edit dialog box.

A very simple interval scheme has been created. We will explore further the
other tools available on the Scheme Interval Edit dialog later in the tutorial in
"Using the Scheme Editing Tools" on Page 25.
24. Now you will create a simple surface scheme. Select the surface scheme on
the layout and select Tools > Scheme Edit.

Figure 10: Scheme Surface Edit dialog box.
25. Click in the Surface Scheme track to insert a surface. Change the Surface
name to Apple Tree Creek Fm. The depth can be changed graphically or
via the dialog box.
26. Change the color.
) Inserting surfaces is similar to inserting picks.
27. Left mouse click on the track to insert another surface - Mt Ogilvie Fm and
add color. See Figure 11.

Figure 11: Scheme track showing inserted surfaces.
28. Close the Scheme Surface Edit dialog box.
29. Select Tools > Scheme Edit to reopen the Scheme Surface Edit dialog box.
30. Change the Apple Tree Creek Fm and Mt Ogilvie Fm surface Line
types.
31. Close the Scheme Surface Edit dialog box.
32. Save the layout.
33. Save the well and close the Well application.

Step 2: Load a Project Well
Procedure
The process of creating interval schemes can be very time consuming as the geological time
scales can be very detailed. To aid in this process Geolog has provided a WELL_PROJECT
with a Chronostratigraphy set ready to be loaded.
In this step you will:
• Delete the previously create WELL_PROJECT

• Load the supplied WELL_PROJECT
• Modify the Project well to include project data
• Create a project surface scheme
• Explore the Scheme editing tools
Exercise 1
Deleting Previously Created WELL_PROJECT

Delete the previously created Project well so we can load the one provided with
the Geolog installation.
1. Start Connect by clicking on the icon on the Geolog Launcher Bar.
2. Select Utilities > Delete Wells... and select the WELL_PROJECT well to
delete.
3. Click OK to delete the well and then click Yes in the confirmation dialog.
Exercise 2
Loading Supplied WELL_PROJECT

Load the supplied Project well.
1. Select Connect > Load and select well_project.unl.
Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 2: Load a Project Well 16

2. Ensure "Unit Convert" is toggled OFF so that the reference values are the
same no matter what unit system you have.
3. Click OK to start the scan.
Figure 12: Scanning the well_project.unl.
The key elements to the Project well are the CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY logs
and the constant LOG_LEVELS which defines this as an interval scheme.
4. Click the Start Load button to load the well.
5. If it hasn’t been done already, load the Stars wells.
6. Close the Connect application.

Exercise 3
Editing the Loaded Project Well

Now that the WELL_PROJECT has been loaded, the project information needs to
be applied to the interval scheme and a surface scheme needs to be created.
1. Open the Well application.
2. Select Well > Open to open the new WELL_PROJECT.
3. Open previously created scheme_edit.layout. You layout should look

similar to Figure 13.
Figure 13: Scheme Edit layout with loaded Project well.

4. Scroll down your scheme to find the Changhsingian body in the AGE level
(just after 150 ft).
) Zooming the view in (View > Zoom In) will make the process of adding
bodies much easier.
5. Editing follows the same flow as creating. Select the interval scheme track
and then Tools > Scheme Edit.
The bodies in the interval scheme should represent all the intervals in all the
wells in the project, so it is important to make the interval scheme as
comprehensive as possible. However, if you find some intervals are missing
the Project well can be edited later to update any missing intervals.
Using the default CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY scheme, a level will need to be
added that contains the interval names for your project.
There are two ways to insert a new level.The first method is described in
"Creating a Scheme" on Page 6 and uses the Add Level Before and Add
Level After icons. For this example we are going to use the second method
which adds a level by adding a child to a body when none of the bodies in that
level have children.
6. Select the Changhsingian body then select the Add child body icon.
A new level has been added but only with limits corresponding to the body
selected rather than the entire project well.

7. Change the level name in the Scheme Interval Edit dialog box to STANDARD.
This level will contain your project’s interval information.
8. The next step is to populate the STANDARD level by adding bodies and
changing the top limits as necessary. Use the following table as a guide.
Information
When there is more than one child to be added (e.g. you have to add two child bodies for
Wordian) insert the bodies first and then change their limits.
Take care when adjusting a body’s limits as a body cannot have a zero or negative thickness.
Geolog requires a reference and by default we have used depth. The depth values can just as
easily represent other types of measurement for example, ages.

) In Windows Hex values are best inserted by typing the value first, then
adding the hash symbol e.g., type FA9AA3 and then insert # before the
number.
Name Top AGE parent Color

B2 156 Changhsingian #FA9AA3
B3 159 Wuchiapingian #F86977
B3a 160.5 Wuchiapingian #F73E50
C2 162 Capitanian #F09652
C3 165 Wordian #FBDDC8
C3a 166 Wordian #944F10
C3b 167 Wordian #F09959
C4 168 Roadian #5E2D09
9. Click Close once the STANDARD level is complete.

Our project specific Interval scheme is now ready for correlating.

Note: In the Project well each interval scheme set contains a constant called LOG_LEVELS
which indicates that this is an interval scheme set and details the order of the levels within
the scheme. See Figure 14.
Figure 14: LOG_LEVELS constant data.
Now we will create our project surface scheme. This needs to include all
surface data contained in all wells within the project, otherwise you will see
uncorrelated surfaces in your correlation.
10. On the layout select the Surface scheme and Tools > Scheme Edit to open
the Scheme Surface Edit dialog box.
Figure 15: Scheme Surface Edit dialog box.

11. Insert the surface data according to the following table, using the Position
dialog as a guide for depth:
Surface Name Reference Color
Doyles Creek Subgroup 156 #F87683

Horseshoe Creek Subgroup 157 #EB21A5
Apple Tree Flat Subgroup 158 #F59CD7
Watts Sandstone 159 #F178F1
Denman Fm 159.75 #E92CE9
Mt Leonard Fm 160.5 #F9BDE3
Althorpe Fm 161.25 #F86D78
Malabar Fm 162 #F09652
Mt Ogilvie Fm 162.75 #4D2406
Milbrodale Fm 163.5 #916933
Mt Thorley Fm 164.25 #A35230
Burnamwood Fm 165 #FBDDC8
Archerfield Sandstone 166 #944F10
Mulbring Siltstone 167 #F09959
Muree Sandstone 168 #800000
Branxton Fm 171 #CA3C40
Greta Coal Measures 174 #F2877B
Dalwood Group 177 #DD2915
Note: In the Project well each surface scheme set contains a constant called LOG_SURFACE
which indicates this is a surface scheme. See Figure 16.
Figure 16: LOG_SURFACE constant data.

12. Save your Project well and layout.
Figure 17: WELL_PROJECT populated with project data.

Exercise 4
Using the Scheme Editing Tools

Now that the Project well has been created some of the bodies may need to be
manipulated. In this exercise we are going to explore using some of the tools
available for editing your scheme.
1. Insert a new scheme track into the scheme_edit layout. Using the Properties
dialog box, make this an interval scheme and call it SAMPLE.
2. The direction in which the levels are displayed in the track is determined in
the Scheme track formatting. Note the default is Left to Right and click OK.
Inserting Levels
3. Select the new Interval scheme track.
4. Select Tools > Scheme Edit to open the Scheme Interval Edit dialog box.
5. Click the Add level after icon to add a level.
6. Click the Add level before icon.

Note the first (selected) level has been changed to LEVEL2 and the inserted
level is now LEVEL1.
7. Click the Add level after icon.

Note the order in which the levels are displayed.

8. Delete all these levels.
10. In the Properties dialog box, change the Levels Direction to Right to Left and
click OK.
11. Repeat Steps 3 - 9, noting the order in which the levels are inserted.
12. Change the Direction back to Left to Right in the Properties dialog box.
13. Delete all these levels.
Manipulating Bodies
14. Insert a level.
15. To divide the level into 4 bodies;

Either, click the Insert Split icon twice
OR
middle-mouse click in three different places on the body.
16. Name the bodies BodyA - BodyD and give them individual colors.
17. Add a level after.
18. Split the child of BodyA into two children. Call these children Upper BodyA
and Lower BodyA.

) A body name must be unique. This is important when you have multiple
bodies with potentially the same name, for example, Upper and Lower. To
make these names unique, include the parent name, Upper Jurassic and
Lower Jurassic. Note, however, that only the shortened names will display
on the scheme. See Figure 18.
Figure 18: Shortened body names.

Removing Bodies
19. Select the child of BodyB and split it into 4 bodies. Name these
ChildA - ChildD.
20. Add a level after.
21. Select ChildC and click the Remove body icon. This removes the selected
body and all its child bodies. See Figure 19.
Figure 19: ChildC body and its child have been removed.

Merging Bodies
22. Add ChildC back by selecting BodyB, inserting a child/body and naming the
new child - ChildC.
23. Select ChildC and insert a child/body for ChildC.
24. Select ChildD and change the color/fill by selecting a fill.
25. Click the Merge with body above icon.

ChildD merges with the body above (ChildC). ChildC inherits the selected body’s
properties and the two bodies become one. The children of the body above also
inherit the selected body’s color and fill if they do not have their own color and fill
properties.

Figure 20: ChildD has merged with ChildC and ChildC’s child has inherited ChildD’s properties.
26. Select ChildA and change the color/fill.
27. Click the Merge with body below icon and notice the changes.
This time ChildA merges with the body below (ChildB) and ChildB inherits its
properties.

Shifting Bodies
28. Give the children of ChildA and ChildD names e.g., Upper ChildA and Lower
ChildA.
29. Select ChildD and click the Shift body up icon.
Figure 21: ChildD and its children have been shifted up.
Note: The movement of the child body is constrained by its parents limits.

30. Now select Upper ChildA and click the Shift body down icon.
31. Note the changes.
Promoting/Demoting
Promote child bodies enables bodies to be moved up a level in the hierarchy.
The currently selected body will be deleted and replaced with its children who
will (along with any of their children) be promoted up one level.
32. Select ChildA and click the Promote icon.

Lower ChildA and Upper ChildA have been promoted and now that their
parent has gone the whole name is displayed rather than the shortened
version of Upper and Lower. See Figure 22.

Figure 22: An example of using promote.
33. Now select ChildD and click the Demote icon. This enables bodies to be
moved down a level in the hierarchy. A new level will be automatically created
if one does not exist.

ChildD has shifted
down from level 2
to level 3
A new body has

been inserted in
level 2
Figure 23: An example of using promote.
34. Give the new body a name, AAA.

Grabbing bodies
In the interval scheme, a body is tied to its parent. To release a child from its
parent, you use the release up/release down options.
The grab up/grab down options perform the reverse of release up/release down.
When using grab up the selected body inherits/takes the last child of the body
above and become its parent. When using grab down the selected body inherits/
takes the first child of the body below and becomes its parent.
35. Select BodyB and click the Grab body up icon.

BodyB inherits the child Lower BodyA from its parent BodyA.
36. Select BodyA and click the Grab body down icon.
This reverses the previous grab body up step and BodyA reinherits BodyA.
38. Delete this scheme (SAMPLE track) from the layout.
39. Save the layout.
40. Save the well.

Step 3: Customizing a Correlation View
Procedure
This step explains how to begin defining a correlation. You will:
• Set the correlation properties

• Start a new correlation view and define the wells to be correlated
• Add a well
• Change the well order
• Remove a well
Exercise 1
Defining Wells in the Correlation

You create a Correlation from within the Well application using a correlation view
and by defining the wells you wish to display.
1. In the Well application, select Well > View > New > Correlation.
2. Select Edit > Properties.
Figure 24: Correlation Properties dialog box.
The Primary Layout is set to correlation. This is the default and the
correlation.layout is supplied with Geolog. Keep this as is. This is the layout
that will be used when inserting wells into your correlation. It can be any
layout but to be effective for correlating the layout should contain one or more
scheme tracks. The rest of the Properties options will be explained later in
"Interwell Space" on Page 52.
Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 3: Customizing a Correlation View 36

3. Click OK.
4. Select Insert > Wells and use ATLAS, CAPELLA and GOMEISA.
This inserts the selected wells using the primary layout specified in the
Properties dialog box.
5. To view all wells on the correlation, select View > Zoom To Data.
Figure 25 shows a simple correlation with three wells.
Figure 25: Zoom to data view of correlation using ATLAS, CAPELLA, AND GOMEISA.

Scale track - overview
Scale tracks have an overview function which enables you to quickly navigate
and jump to areas of interest in a well. This is particularly useful in a
correlation view where multiple wells are displayed and you want to navigate
(scroll up or down) one well without affecting the other wells in the correlation.
6. Select View > Overview Scale.

The overview function is turned on for all scale tracks in the correlation view.
7. On Gomeisa’s scale track, click and drag the "view window" (white box) up
and down. Note only the Gomeisa’s layout is moved, the other wells’ layouts
remain stationary.
8. Select View > Overview Scale to toggle off the overview function.
Moving wells
The order in which the wells are displayed can be changed using the menu
(Wells > Move Left/Right/Start/End) or by clicking and dragging.
9. Select the GOMEISA well header click and hold down the middle mouse
button and drag the well in front of the ATLAS well.

Figure 26: The order is now changed.
10. Additional wells can be inserted.

— Deselect the GOMEISA well and select Insert > Wells.
— Choose BOTEIN. Note that this well is added at the end of the correlation.
— Select the GOMEISA well header and select Insert > Wells to insert
DENEB.
— Note that this well has been inserted after the selected well.
11. Select View > Zoom To Data to overview your correlation.
12. To delete a well from the correlation, select the BOTEIN well header then
select Edit > Delete.

Exercise 2
Setting Datums
There are two methods for setting the datum.
If a Structural section is desired, set the datum to an elevation:
• Select Correlation > Datum... and complete the fields as follows:
Reference: Elevation(Depth)
Interval log: TOPS.TOPS
Datum: Elevation(Depth)
Scale: 600
Reference Grid Increments: Fine (blank), Medium 50, Coarse 100
The Top and Bottom limits define the upper and lower display limits of the
data.
• Click OK to apply the changes and close the dialog box.

If a Stratigraphic section is desired, set the datum to a horizon top:
• Select Correlation > Datum... and complete the fields as follows.
Note the only difference from a Structural section at this point is the datum is
assigned to an horizon - MALABAR FM.

Reference: Elevation(Depth)
Datum: MALABAR FM horizon
Scale: 600
14. Click OK.

From this point on, the stratigraphic example is used.
15. Select Correlation > Save As... and enter galaxy as the section name.

Exercise 3
Setting the Display Range
To set the display range
1. Select Correlation > Datum... and change the following (shown in

Figure 27):
Datum: BURNAMWOOD FM
Top limit: MALABAR FM + 3ft (1m)
3 ft (1m) above the MALABAR FM
Bottom limit: MUREE SANDSTONE + -3ft (-1m)
3 ft (1m) below the MUREE SANDSTONE
Figure 27: Setting the display range.
2. Click OK. Your display should now look similar to Figure 28.

Figure 28: Correlation after setting display limits to specific horizons.
3. Select Correlation > Save to save your changes.

Exercise 4
Changing Layouts
The same or different layouts can be used for each well in the correlation.
However, it is recommended that the same layout be used for all wells in the
correlation view.
To change all the layouts in the correlation:
1. Select Edit > Select All Wells.
2. Select Wells > Layout Replace.
3. Select the layout you previously created and saved, scheme_edit.layout.

To change one of the layouts in the correlation:
1. Select the DENEB well header.
2. Select Wells > Layout Replace.
3. Select composite.layout.
4. Restore all the wells back to displaying the correlation.layout.
5. Save your correlation.

Step 4: Working with Correlations
Procedure
Once you have setup your Project well and formatted your correlation view, you can start
correlating.
Correlations can be done either using surface schemes or interval schemes.
By recognizing an important feature in a well, a well pick can be made. Complementary

features across different wells in the cross section can be joined to make correlations.
This step explains how to add, remove and format correlations. You will:
• Insert a Surface pick

• Insert an Interval pick
• Edit the position of a well pick
• Delete a well pick
• Insert a Surface pick using ghosting
• Create a stratigraphic cross-section (flattening)
• Infill (inter-well scheme and spacing)
Exercise 1
Inserting Surface Picks

In this exercise, you will learn how to insert a new correlation surface pick across
all wells and insert an existing surface pick (Mt Thorley FM) for a well (DENEB)
that does not have the surface. In the galaxy.section the well picks are displayed
within each well where a correlation exists (see Figure 29).
Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 4: Working with Correlations 45

Existing picks
Figure 29: Existing picks displayed on the well in the correlation.
1. Use the Zoom tools to set the view so that you can see all the wells at
approximately the 3000 ft (900 m) depth (just below Mt Ogilvie Fm horizon).
2. Select Insert > Picks.
Figure 30: Insert Picks dialog box.

3. To insert a new surface pick:
— Select TOPS as the set.
) Note the level is only applicable to Interval picks so it defaults to TOPS when
picking surface picks.
— In the Pick field, type Pick1.
) Notice the cross hairs are now a pencil pointer ready to insert picks.
— Insert a well pick within each well.
) The depths can be adjusted within the Pick dialog by changing the
Reference value, or graphically moving the pick.
4. Close the Pick dialog box.
5. Zoom in on the DENEB and ATLAS wells at ~3200 ft (975 m).
6. Now we will insert an existing pick - click on the Mt Thorley FM well pick in the
ATLAS well and middle mouse click in the DENEB well layout—a well pick for
the Mt Thorley FM horizon has been added.
) Multiple occurrences of a formation can be inserted.
Exercise 2
Inserting Interval Picks
1. On the galaxy correlation, use the Zoom tools to set the view so that you can
see the ATLAS and CAPELLA wells at approximately the 3400 ft (1000 m)
depth.
3. Select CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY as the pick set.
4. As we are now inserting an interval pick we need to select the level that we
wish to insert into. Select the STANDARD level.
Now that a level has been chosen, the Pick field has been updated to only
show the relevant picks. See Figure 31.

Figure 31: Insert Picks dialog box for interval picks.
5. Select the C3 pick.
6. Determine where you think the C3 should begin and click in the CAPELLA
well layout.
) To avoid selecting an existing surface pick click below where you want to
insert your pick then use the middle mouse to move it into its preferred
place.
7. Add a couple more picks and note the interval scheme appearing in the
CAPELLA well. See Figure 32.

Figure 32: Inserting Interval picks.
8. Save the wells.
Exercise 3
Removing Picks
Ensure that you have the correct well pick(s) selected before deleting, as Geolog
does not request confirmation before deletion.
1. Select Correlation > Datum... and change the:
Datum: Mt Thorley FM
2. Select the Burnamwood Fm pick in the DENEB well.

3. Select Edit > Delete.
4. Select all the well picks for the Pick1 horizon—hold the CTRL key down while
clicking on each well pick.
5. Select Edit > Cut.
6. Save the wells and the correlation.
Exercise 4
Inserting Picks Using Ghosting

We are going to insert a pick that exists in the Gomeisa and Atlas wells but not in
the Deneb well, using the ghost cursor.
1. Zoom in on the Burnamwood Fm horizon across the GOMEISA and ATLAS

wells.
3. Click on the GR curve in the GOMEISA well near the Burnamwood Fm pick.
This activates the ghost cursor. The ghost cursor displays an image of the GR
curve from the GOMEISA well. By selecting the log near the horizon this
automatically "grabs" the nearest horizon pick as the point for the cursor
crosshairs.
Using the arrow keys the ghost cursor can be stretched and squeezed in depth
and amplitude to assist in matching units that thicken or thin across the section.
For interpreting inverted sequences the cursor can be flipped or inverted. (Press
F or I).
4. Adjust the ghost cursor as required and then insert the Burnamwood Fm pick
into the DENEB well.
5. To restore the ghost cursor to its original shape and size press R.
) When using the ghost cursor be careful not to click on another wireline log
as this will automatically update the ghost cursor to display this log instead.
6. To return the cursor to the crosshairs press Esc.
7. Close the Pick dialog box.

Exercise 5
Editing Picks Graphically

The following procedure describes how to manipulate the top correlation using the
mouse.
1. Zoom in on the top correlation in the wide space between DENEB and
ATLAS.
2. Click on the Malabar Fm and using the middle mouse drag the pick down the
well.
) This action can be performed while the pick insert dialog is open.
3. Select Edit > Undo to restore the Malabar Fm to its original position.
Exercise 6
Stratigraphic Cross-Section (Flattening)

The term stratigraphic cross-section is used in this tutorial to describe a correlation
whose wells have been flattened along a selected correlation surface.
Information
Flatten is a quick way of selecting a horizon on which to datum (the Datum WILL NOT be
changed in Format > Datum when you use this tool.)
Before flattening a correlation view ensure you save the correlation as there is no unflatten
feature. To revert to the previous structural view, close the correlation without saving the
changes and reopen the correlation.
1. Open the comet.section.

3. Scroll down until you see the Althorpe Fm through to the Milbrodale Fm.
4. Select the Mt Ogilvie Fm segment.
5. Select View > Flatten to flatten on the selected correlation.

Exercise 7
Interwell Space
To give your cross-sections greater clarity, you can insert a scheme in the
interwell space. The list of schemes to choose from is determined by the interval
schemes within the layout.
Adding an interwell scheme
1. Open the galaxy.section.
2. Select Edit > Properties.
3. Select CHRONOSTRATIGRAPY as the Interwell Scheme and click OK.
4. Note how your correlation view has changed to display the

CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY scheme in the interwell space between ATLAS
and CAPELLA.
The CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY scheme is not displayed in the interwell
spaces between GOMEISA and DENEB, and DENEB and ATLAS because
the Standard level in the CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY set in DENEB has not
been populated.
5. Using the Standard level insert the Interval picks for DENEB and note how the
interwell space is populated.
Increasing/decreasing an interwell space
1. Click in the interwell space between GOMEISA and DENEB.

A red bounding box and control points are displayed in the selected interwell
header.
2. CTRL+ click in the interwell space between ATLAS and CAPELLA.
3. With the middle mouse button, click and drag a control point to the required
position.
4. Note the selected interwell spaces on the correlation have changed.

Step 5: Additional Exercises
Procedure
This step explains how to build a correlation using deviated wells. You will:
• Create a section line in a mapsheet view

• Calculate TVT/TST using Wellpath
• Set the Datum Reference for TVD
Exercise 1
Creating a Section Line in Mapsheet

We are creating a well-to-well section line using Project’s Mapsheet.
1. Start the Project Application.
2. Open a new mapsheet, select Project > View > New > Mapsheet.
3. In the Properties dialog box, change the Well Posting to Spider.
4. Zoom in on the upper half of the mapsheet view where the tegmen wellpaths
are located.
5. Select Insert > Section to create a line of section and call this section
asteroid.
Figure 33: Inserting a section line.
6. Select OK.
7. Insert the start and end points of the line of section and press Esc.
Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 5: Additional Exercises 53

8. Click on the wellpaths of each of the tegmen wells to attach them to the
section line and press Esc to exit the section insert.
Figure 34: Created section line.
9. Close the mapsheet without saving the changes.
10. Exit the Project application.
Exercise 2
Calculating TVD/TVT/TST
Using wellpath tools we will calculate the logs need to correlate using TVT/TST or
TVD as a datum reference.

Note: If deviation data, time data, or TVT data has not been loaded or calculated then, when
selected, no data will be displayed in the correlation view.
1. Open the Well application.
2. Open the asteroid.section created in Exercise 2. This automatically opens the

required wells for processing.
3. Open Well > View > New > Wellpath to calculate all the necessary logs to
use TVT/TST in our correlation.
Using TEGMEN_1A, we will use the wellpath tools to create all the necessary
reference logs.
4. Select Tools > Calculate TVD to display the TVD Calculation dialog box.
5. Enter the following (shown in Figure 35):

Set: DEVIATION
Deviation log: DEVI
Azimuth log: AZIM

Figure 35: TVD Calculation.
6. Click OK.
7. Select Tools > Calculate TVT & TST.
8. Enter the following (shown in Figure 36):

Set: DEVIATION
Dip log: DIP
Azimuth log: AZIM

Figure 36: TVT/TST Calculation.
9. Click OK.
All the necessary logs have already been calculated for the TEGMEN wells
so we do not need to go through the process for each one.
10. Close the wells and do not save the changes because TVD has already been
calculated for these wells.
11. Close the wellpath view.
Exercise 3
Creating a Structural Cross-Section using TVT

We are creating a structural cross-section using TVT as the depth reference.
When the required Reference type is chosen the depth scale will be updated to
reflect the changes.
1. Reopen the asteroid.section.

Now that we have corrected the thickness for wellpath and bed dip, the
resulting thickness should now be due to sedimentological differences.
2. Select Correlation > Datum and complete the fields as follows (shown in
Figure 37):
Reference: TVT
Datum: TVT
Top Limit: 3, + -9
Bottom Limit: 5, + 9
Reference Grid Increments: Fine (blank), Medium 10, Coarse 50

Figure 37: Setting the Datum to use TVT.
3. The correlation (asteriod.section) is now ready for you to begin the required
correlation.

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Introduction to Geolog's Correlation Tutorial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial 12 / 2006 Contents 1

Welcome to the Geolog Correlation tutorial.

• Create a Project well

DATA: stars_master.unl REPORTS:

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Introduction 1

Geolog’s Correlation view provides the following functions:

The sedimentary process allows us to define these 2 simple rules:

• Sedimentary layers cannot cross other sedimentary layers.

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Correlation Overview 2

A project may contain one or more schemes.

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Correlation Overview 3

• Open the Well application and create a new Project well

Creating a New Project Well

1. If required, start Geolog and open the STARS project.

2. Start the Well application.

This creates a well called WELL_PROJECT which only contains a

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 1: Create a Project Well 4

Creating a REFERENCE Set

Figure 1: Creating a REFERENCE set.

4. Save the well.

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 1: Create a Project Well 5

1. Select Well > View > New > Layout.

3. Insert a Scale track and a Scheme track.

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 1: Create a Project Well 6

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 1: Create a Project Well 7

7. Save the layout as scheme_edit.layout.

8. In the layout, select the CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY track and select

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 1: Create a Project Well 8

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 1: Create a Project Well 9

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 1: Create a Project Well 10

15. Change the color of Phanerozoic.

Figure 7: Scheme Interval Edit Dialog.

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 1: Create a Project Well 11

Figure 8: New level (LEVEL2) added with inherited properties.

18. To split the selected body into 3 bodies;

21. Change the color of each body.

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 1: Create a Project Well 12

Figure 9: ERA level split into 3 bodies.

23. Close the Scheme Interval Edit dialog box.

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 1: Create a Project Well 13

26. Change the color.

) Inserting surfaces is similar to inserting picks.

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 1: Create a Project Well 14

28. Close the Scheme Surface Edit dialog box.

31. Close the Scheme Surface Edit dialog box.

32. Save the layout.

33. Save the well and close the Well application.

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 1: Create a Project Well 15

In this step you will:

• Delete the previously create WELL_PROJECT

Deleting Previously Created WELL_PROJECT

1. Start Connect by clicking on the icon on the Geolog Launcher Bar.

Loading Supplied WELL_PROJECT

1. Select Connect > Load and select well_project.unl.

Geolog 6.6.1 - Correlation Tutorial Step 2: Load a Project Well 16

3. Click OK to start the scan.

Figure 12: Scanning the well_project.unl.

4. Click the Start Load button to load the well.

5. If it hasn’t been done already, load the Stars wells.