AURETR123 Assessment 1 Written Knowledge Questions V2

AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems
Assessment 1 – Questioning – Written Assessment
Student Name Jawad Qaisar Student ID Number 20231090
Unit Start Date 12/6/2023 Unit End Date 8/06/2025
Assessment Due Date Date Submitted
This cover sheet is to be completed by the student and assessor and used as a record to determine student
competency in this assessment task
The assessment process and tasks were fully explained. Yes / No
I am aware of which evidence will be collected and how. Yes / No
I am aware of my right to appeal an assessment decision. Yes / No
I am aware that I can locate The RTO Complaints and Appeals Policy and Procedure on their Yes / No
website at (Insert Website Link)
I have discussed any additional educational support or reasonable adjustments I require in order to
undertake this assessment with the Student Support Services Officer and Trainer / Assessor, (if Yes / No
applicable). e.g. Student Handbook and Access and Equity Policy (Insert Website Link)
I have access to all required resources? Yes / No
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Student Declaration: In accordance with The RTO Plagiarism Policy, I hereby acknowledge by signing this
declaration that I have not cheated or plagiarised any work regarding the assessment tasks undertaken in this unit
of competency except where the work has been correctly acknowledged.
NOTE: Student must sign this prior to submitting their assessments to the assessor
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is my own and that I was adequately informed of the explained and negotiated the assessment tasks with the
assessment process prior to commencing this student prior to commencing assessment.
assessment task.
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Document Name: Student Written Knowledge Assessment – AURETR123 Created Date: 6th June 2023
Document No: Trinity Institute (Australia) – AURETR123 Version No: 2.0 Last Modified
Date:
© Trinity Institute (Australia) | RTO Code: 41310 | CRICOS Code: 03556F Page Sequence: Page 1 of 57
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Student Guide for Written Knowledge Assessment

Overview of This is a written assessment task you will be assess on your knowledge of diagnosing and
Assessment repairing spark ignition engine management systems.
The topics that will be covered in the assessment are:
1. Prepare to diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems
2. Diagnose engine management systems
3. Repair engine management systems
4. Complete work processes
This assessment will ensure that the elements, performance criteria, performance evidence
and knowledge evidence required, and conditions are adhered to demonstrate competency
in this unit assessment task.
 Read the assessment carefully before commencing.
 Your Assessor will use the assessment criteria in this document and will provide
feedback / comment.
 You MUST answer all the questions in the assessment tasks in your own words and
own handwriting.
 This is an “Open Book” assessment, and students can use the resources listed in
the “Resources Required” section below.
Task/s to be To complete this written assessment, you will need to answer the 127 questions comprising
assessed of Multiple Choice, True and False, Fill-in the Gap and Short Answer questions.
Time allowed On average, the Assessment should take 4 – 6 hours to complete.
Location This theory assessment will be completed in a classroom under the supervision of a
trainer/assessor.
Decision making To receive a ‘satisfactory’ outcome for this assessment students MUST successfully answer
rules all questions. If a student achieves less than 100%, they can reattempt the assessment
after further study has taken place. Students who cannot achieve a minimum of 100% you
will not have satisfactorily completed this assessment
Your assessor will be looking for the following in this assessment task: -
 Work health and safety (WHS) and occupational health and safety (OHS)
requirements relating to diagnosing and repairing spark ignition engine
management systems, including procedures for:
o Using specialised tools and equipment
o Using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
o Identifying hazards and controlling risks associated with:
 Working on vehicle high voltage ignition systems
 Wearing jewellery while working around high current wiring
systems
 Working with high pressure petrol fuel systems
 Operating principles of spark ignition engine management systems and associated
components, including:
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o Combustion, including:
 Air-fuel ratios and chemistry of combustion
 Composition of petrol fuel, including octane rating
 Indirect and direct fuel injection
 Application, purpose and operation of spark ignition engine management systems
and components, including:
o Fuel system, including:
 Fuel filters
 Fuel pumps
 Fuel pressure regulators
 Fuel injectors
o Electronic control system, including the following system inputs:
 Throttle position sensors
 Coolant temperature sensors
 Oxygen sensors
 Load sensors and air flow meters
 Intake air temperature sensors
 Crankshaft position sensors
 Camshaft position sensors
 Battery voltage
 Accessory load sensors
 Knock sensors
o Key features of electronic control units (ecus), including:
 Read-only memory (ROM)
 Programmable read-only memory (PROM)
 Electronically erasable programmable read-only memory
(EEPROM)
 Random access memory (RAM)
 Multiplexing
 Adaptive learning
 Short-term fuel trim (STFT)
 Long-term fuel trim (LTFT)
 Sensor reference voltages and sensor grounds
o System outputs, including:
 Injectors
 Idle speed control devices
 Fuel pump relays
 Engine cooling fans
 Air conditioning compressor controls
 Broadband intake manifolds
 Exhaust gas recirculation solenoid controls
 Carbon canister purge controls
 Throttle motor (drive by wire) controls
 Variable valve timing controls
 Assembly line diagnostic link (ALDL)
o Ignition systems and components, including:
 Spark plugs
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 Ignition leads
 Ignition coils, including electromagnetic induction
 Ignition timing, including varying ignition timing according to engine
load, speed and knock sensor input
 Dwell period
o ECU control of ignition coil switching and methods of generating timing
signals, including:
 Profile ignition pick-up (PIP) and crankshaft position sensor signals,
including inductive pick-up, Hall effect and light emitting diode
(LED)
 Waste spark ignition systems
 Coil-on-plug ignition systems
 Integrated ignition systems
 Diagnostic testing procedures for spark ignition engine management systems,
including:
o Diagnostic flow charts
o Fuel system testing, including:
 Low pressure fuel system testing
 High pressure fuel system testing
o Testing electrical systems, including procedures for:
 Accessing electrical terminals and using test probes without
damaging connectors, fuse holders or wiring
 Injector testing
 Sensor testing
 Actuator testing
o Accessing and interpreting industry-relevant test equipment data,
including:
 Fault codes
 Live data
 Freeze frame data
 Waveforms
 Repair or replacement procedures for spark ignition engine management systems,
including procedures for:
o Removing and replacing the following electrical or electronic components:
 Sensors
 Actuators, including fuel injectors and fuel pumps
o Adjusting and recalibrating components and associated systems
 Post-repair testing procedures, including procedures for:
o Clearing fault codes
o Assessing engine performance
o Checking for electrical connector mating.
Assessment Assessors MUST satisfy NVR/AQTF assessor requirements.

conditions
Competency is to be assessed in the workplace or a simulated environment that accurately
reflects performance in a real workplace setting.
Assessment MUST include direct observation of tasks.
Where assessment of competency includes third-party evidence, individuals MUST provide
evidence that links them to the spark ignition engine management systems that they have
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worked on, e.g. repair orders.

Assessors MUST verify performance evidence through questioning on skills and knowledge
to ensure correct interpretation and application.
The following resources MUST be made available:
 Automotive repair workplace or simulated workplace
 Workplace instructions
 Manufacturer specifications for spark ignition engine management systems
 Three different vehicles or machinery with spark ignition engine management
system faults
 Diagnostic equipment for spark ignition engine management systems, including:
o Multimeter
o Scan tool
 Tools, equipment and materials appropriate for repairing spark ignition engine
management systems.
Resources required Learning Resources available to students include:

 Automotive Technology (A System Approach) 6th Edition – Chapters 6, 22, 24, & 25
 Websites –
 https://www.reference.com/vehicles/power-steering-pressure-switch-
7878ebe965e1873a
 http://www.aa1car.com/library/electric_cooling_fan.htm
 http://www.autoaide.ca/members/diagnostic-guide/air-conditioning/
 Trainer Handouts
Results/Re-  The Assessor will grade the assessment and record the result on the front page of
assessment this document (S) – Satisfactory if all observable behaviours are correct and (NS)
not satisfactory if any areas are left incorrect
 Feedback will be provided on either result
 Where a student receives a ‘NS – Not Satisfactory’ result, the assessor will discuss
the area of the non-compliant observable behaviour and an opportunity given for re-
assessment. This may be through direct observation or a different method of
assessment e.g. verbal/oral questioning, problem solving exercise.
 If the outcome is again not satisfactory the student result will be deemed (NYC) not
yet competent. Additional feedback will be given, and a time agreed upon for further
assessment after additional training and skills practice has taken place, this
information will be recorded, dated and signed in the re-assessment area on the
last page of this document
 Where all the assessment tasks have been graded (S) Satisfactory, the student will
be deemed C – Competent for the practical component and the result recorded and
signed in the area indicated on the last page of this document
Reasonable If the participant is unable to undertake the written assessment as designed, an interview
Adjustment (verbal questioning) may be used as an alternate approach.
Date:
Assessment 1 – Questioning
Written Assessment
1. Name ten (10) precautions that should be taken to protect electronic components?
1 Avoid ESD ( Electrostatic discharge): Wear an anti static wristband when handling electronic
components or working on an electric circuit. Use ESD safe work surfaces and tools.
2 Use the right tools : use proper tools for each job. Use precision precision screwdrivers cutters to avoid
damaging and components.
3 Keep the workspace clean: Maintain a clean workspace, free of debris and other
contaminants that can cause damage to electronic components.
4 Avoid moisture: Keep electronic components dry and avoid exposing them to moisture.
5 Use the right storage containers: Store electronic components in anti-static bags, or containers
designed for electronic storage.
6 Avoid extreme temperatures: Avoid exposing electronic components to extreme temperatures,

both hot and cold.
7 Turn off power: Turn off the power when working with electronic circuits to avoid damage to
components.
8 Check polarity: Double-check the polarity of components before installing them.
9 Follow manufacturer instructions: Follow the manufacturer's instructions for installation and
maintenance of electronic components.
10 Use surge protectors: Use surge protectors to protect electronic components from power
surges and voltage spikes
2. Why should test lamps not be used with an EFI system?

Test lamps should not be used with an EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) system because they draw too
Much current and may damage the sensitive electronic components of the system. EFI systems
operate at very low voltages and high currents, and test lamps can cause voltage spikes that can
damage the computer or other components. Instead, specialized diagnostic tools designed for use
With EFI systems should be used to avoid damaging the components
3. What type of voltmeter or multimeter should normally be used for checking an EFI system?
A digital voltmeter or multimeter should normally be used for checking an EFI system as they are more
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accurate and have a higher input impedance than analog meters, which helps to prevent damage to sensitive
electronic components. Digital meters also provide more precise readings and can display a wider range
.
Date:
4. Identify some important items of personal safety when working on a vehicle that is equipped with an engine
management system?
Always disconnect the battery before working on any electrical components of the vehicle to prevent
Electric shock Use safety glasses to protect your eyes from sparks, debris, or chemicals.
Avoid wearing loose clothing or jewelry that could get caught in moving parts
Use insulated tools when working on electrical components to prevent electrical shock.
Be cautious when working on high-pressure fuel lines and never work on them while the engine is
running.
Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

5. Which of the following statements about safety glasses is true?
A. They should offer side protection.

B. The lenses should be made of a shatterproof material.
C. Some service operations require additional eye protection to be worn with safety glasses.
D. All answers are correct.
6. Rings, necklaces, bracelets and watches should not be worn while working around high current wiring
systems. Why?
Rings, necklaces, bracelets, and watches should not be worn while working around high current wiring
systems because they can create a short circuit between a live wire and ground, potentially causing a
serious electrical shock or burn. Metal jewelry can conduct electricity and can provide a path for current
to flow through the body, leading to injury or even death. It is important to always remove jewelry and
other metal objects before working on electrical systems to minimize the risk of electrical accidents
7. Name six (6) precautions that should be observed when working on electronic-type ignition systems?
1 Disconnect the battery: Before starting any work on an electronic-type ignition system, it is
important to disconnect the battery. This will prevent any accidental shocks or short circuits
2 Grounding: Always make sure that the ignition system is properly grounded. This helps to
prevent electrical interference and ensures that the ignition system functions properly
3 Avoid hot surfaces: Electronic ignition components can be damaged by excessive heat, so it is
important to avoid hot surfaces and keep the components cool
4 Use proper tools: When working on electronic ignition systems, it is important to use the proper tools.
Using the wrong tools can damage components and lead to system failure.
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5 Follow manufacturer instructions: Always follow the manufacturer's instructions when installing
or servicing electronic ignition systems. This will ensure that the system is properly installed
and functioning correctly.
6 Use a multimeter: When troubleshooting electronic ignition systems, it is important to use a

multi meter to measure voltages and check for continuity. This can help to pinpoint the source of
any problems and ensure that the system is functioning properly
8. What two (2) precautions should be taken before disconnecting or removing a component of an EFI system?
1 The ignition should be turned off and the key should be removed from the ignition switch to
prevent accidental starting of the engine.
2 The negative battery cable should be disconnected to prevent the possibility of a short circuit
or electrical shock.
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9. Why is Engine Management Systems used?

Engine Management Systems (EMS) are used to monitor and control various functions of an engine to
optimize its performance, efficiency, and emissions. These systems use a network of sensors and
actuators to gather data about the engine's operating conditions and adjust various parameters such as
fuel injection, ignition timing, idle speed, and emissions control systems accordingly. By using an EMS,
the engine can be operated at its optimal efficiency, resulting in better fuel economy, lower emissions,
and improved overall performance. Additionally, EMS can help diagnose and identify problems with the
engine, making it easier to perform maintenance and repairs
10. What is meant by combustion?

Combustion refers to the chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidizing agent, usually oxygen, that
results in the release of heat energy and the production of various combustion products such as carbon
dioxide, water vapour, and other gases. In an internal combustion engine, combustion occurs within the
combustion chamber, igniting the fuel-air mixture and producing the energy needed to drive the engine's
mechanical components.
11. What are the two main chemicals in petrol?

The two main chemicals in petrol (gasoline) are hydrocarbons and additives. Hydrocarbons include
compounds such as octane, isooctane, and heptane, which are responsible for providing energy when
burned. Additives are chemical compounds added to petrol to improve its performance, stability, and
other characteristics. Examples of additives include detergents, anti-knock agents, and stabilizers.
12. Why does the engine need a mixture of air and fuel?
The engine needs a mixture of air and fuel to facilitate combustion, which is the process that releases
energy and powers the engine. Air provides oxygen that is necessary for combustion to occur, while fuel
Provides the combustible material. The air-fuel mixture must be properly balanced to ensure efficient
combustion and optimal engine performance.
13. What is air/fuel ratio and why is it important?
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A rich mixture refers to a fuel-air mixture that has a higher proportion of fuel to air than the ideal air-fuel
ratio. emissions, and potentially damage to the engine. A lean mixture can cause increased combustion
A lean mixture, on the other hand, refers to a fuel-air mixture that has a lower proportion of fuel to air
than
the ideal air-fuel ratio. Both rich and lean mixtures can have negative effects on engine performance and
missions. A rich mixture can cause incomplete combustion, leading to decreased fuel efficiency,
increased
emperatures, which can lead to engine damage, and can also result in decreased power and increased
emissions
14. What is a rich mixture? What is a lean mixture?

A rich mixture is a fuel-air mixture that contains a higher ratio of fuel to air than the stoichiometric ratio
(the ideal air-fuel ratio for complete combustion). This can result in incomplete combustion and the
release of excess hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) into the atmosphere A lean mixture is a
fuel-air mixture that contains a lower ratio of fuel to air than the stoichiometric ratio.
This can result in incomplete combustion and the release of excess nitrogen oxides (NOx) into the
atmosphere. A lean mixture can also cause engine overheating and damage if the combustion
temperatur becomes too high.
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15. What does the term stratified charge mean?

The term stratified charge refers to a combustion process in which the air/fuel mixture in the combustion
chamber is intentionally stratified or separated into distinct layers. This is typically achieved by injecting
fuel directly into the combustion chamber in a precise pattern or by using specially designed intake and
exhaust systems to promote air flow. The goal of a stratified charge is to create a more efficient
combustion process by ensuring that the fuel is concentrated in the right place at the right time, which
can help to reduce emissions and improve fuel economy.
16. What is meant by “Octane Rating”?

Octane rating is a measure of a fuel's ability to resist "knocking" or detonation during combustion. It is a
numerical rating system that represents the percentage of iso-octane in a mixture of iso-octane and n-
heptane, which has the same anti-knock properties as the fuel being tested. The higher the octane
rating, the more resistant the fuel is to knocking, and the higher the compression ratio that can be used
in an engine without causing premature ignition.
17. Name the four (4) typical Fuel Injection systems?
1 Throttel body injection (TBI )
2 Multi port fuel injection (MPFI)
3 Multi port fuel injection (MPFI)
4 Sequential fuel injection (SFI)
18. Explain the major differences between throttle body injectors and port fuel injectors?
Throttle body injectors (TBI) and port fuel injectors (PFI) are two types of fuel injection systems used in
internal combustion engines. The major differences between them are:
Placement of the injectors: Throttle body injectors are mounted in the throttle body unit, which is located
at the entrance of the intake manifold. Port fuel injectors, on the other hand, are placed in the intake
manifold, near each cylinder's intake port.
Fuel delivery: TBI injects fuel into the throttle body unit, where it mixes with incoming air before being
delivered to the cylinders. PFI, on the other hand, delivers fuel directly to each cylinder's intake port.
Precision: PFI injectors are more precise in delivering fuel to each cylinder, allowing for better fuel
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economy and emissions control. TBI injectors, due to their placement in the throttle body unit, can cause
uneven fuel distribution among the cylinders.
19. Explain the basic operation of a CMFI system?

CMFI stands for Central Multiport Fuel Injection system. In this system, fuel is injected into the intake
manifold through a central injector that supplies fuel to all the cylinders. The fuel pressure regulator
maintains a constant fuel pressure, and a manifold absolute pressure sensor (MAP) measures the intake
manifold pressure. The engine control module (ECM) receives input from various sensors, such as the
MAP sensor, coolant temperature sensor, and throttle position sensor, to determine the fuel and timing
requirements of the engine.
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20. In a GDI system (gasoline direct injection) the injector sprays fuel into the ______.
A. Intake manifold (plenum).

B. Intake runner in manifold.
C. Intake port in cylinder head.
D. Cylinders (combustion chamber).
21. Where in the fuel system is a fuel filter usually found?

A fuel filter is usually located between the fuel tank and the fuel injectors, either inline or inside the fuel
tank itself.
22. What is the purpose of the fuel filter?

The purpose of the fuel filter is to remove impurities and contaminants from the fuel before it reaches the
fuel injectors or carburetor. This helps to prevent damage to the fuel system and engine components,
and ensures that the fuel mixture is clean and consistent for proper combustion.
23. The arrow printed on a fuel filter must face in what direction?
The arrow on a fuel filter indicates the direction of fuel flow, so it must face toward the engine or in the
direction of fuel flow
24. Explain what a fuel pump does?

A fuel pump is an essential component of the fuel system, responsible for supplying fuel from the fuel
tank to the engine. It creates the pressure needed to force fuel through the fuel lines, filter and injectors
or carburetor, where it is mixed with air and burned to produce power. In most modern vehicles, the fuel
pump is an electric pump that is located inside or outside of the fuel tank. When the key is turned on, the
fuel pump starts running and continues to run as long as the engine is running, providing a steady flow of
fuel to the engine.
25. Where can fuel pump be located in a vehicle?

Fuel pumps can be located in different places in a vehicle depending on the design and type of the
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vehicle.
In older vehicles with carburettors, the fuel pump is usually located on the engine block and is driven by a
camshaft. In newer vehicles with EFI systems, the fuel pump can be located inside the fuel tank, which is
the most common location. Some vehicles may have the fuel pump mounted outside the tank, on the
frame rail or under the car. Additionally, some high-performance or racing vehicles may have multiple
fuel pumps for increased fuel flow.
26. What are “High Pressure” fuel pumps?

High-pressure fuel pumps are fuel pumps that deliver fuel to the fuel injectors at high pressures, typically
above 1,000 psi (pounds per square inch), in order to create a fine spray pattern for more efficient
combustion in modern gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems. They are often driven by a camshaft, a
lobe on the camshaft, or a separate high-pressure pump drive on the engine. These pumps can be either
mechanical or electric, and are designed to deliver the required fuel volume and pressure to meet the
engine's demands.
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27. High pressure fuel pumps on GDI systems can operate at what pressures?
High pressure fuel pumps on GDI (gasoline direct injection) systems can operate at pressures up to 200
bar (2,900 psi).
28. What are two (2) type of fuel pumps used with engine management vehicles?
1 Mechanical fuel pumps
2 Electrical fuel pumps
29. Why are some fuel pumps located inside the fuel tank?
Some fuel pumps are located inside the fuel tank because it helps to keep the fuel pump submerged in
fuel, which helps to keep it cool during operation. This is especially important with high-pressure fuel
pumps, which can generate a lot of heat. Additionally, locating the fuel pump inside the fuel tank helps to
dampen the noise that is generated by the fuel pump during operation. Finally, having the fuel pump
inside the fuel tank allows for a simpler and more compact fuel system design
30. What is the purpose of the pressure regulator in a fuel system?

The purpose of the pressure regulator in a fuel system is to maintain a constant fuel pressure to the fuel
injectors, regardless of changes in fuel demand or engine speed. It controls the pressure in the fuel
system by regulating the amount of fuel that is returned to the fuel tank versus the amount that is sent to
the fuel injectors. This helps ensure that the injectors receive the correct amount of fuel under all
operating conditions, which is critical for proper engine performance and emissions control.
31. On returnless fuel systems, where is the pressure regulator located?

On return less fuel systems, the pressure regulator is often integrated into the fuel pump module or
mounted on the fuel rail.
32. What are fuel injectors?

Fuel injectors are components in the fuel system of an engine that deliver fuel to the engine's combustion
chamber in a precise and controlled manner. They are electronically controlled valves that receive
signals from the engine control module (ECM) and open and close to spray fuel into the intake manifold
or directly into the combustion chamber, depending on the type of fuel injection system. The amount of
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fuel delivered by each injector is based on signals from various sensors in the engine, including the
throttle position sensor, oxygen sensor, and mass airflow sensor, among others.
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33. Name the eight [8] parts of a fuel injector below.
1 Filter
2 Electrical connection
3 Spring
4 Solenoid coil
5 Solenoid housing
6 Pintle valve
7 Pintle cap
8 Fuel outlet hole
34. How is the fuel injector operated?

The fuel injector is operated electronically by the engine control module (ECM) or the fuel injection
control module (FICM) in response to signals received from various engine sensors. The injector is
activated to open a valve which allows pressurized fuel to be sprayed in a fine mist into the intake
manifold or directly into the combustion chamber depending on the type of fuel injection system. The
duration of fuel injection is precisely controlled by the ECM or FICM to ensure the correct air/fuel ratio is
maintained for efficient combustion.

35. The injector pulse width is ______.
A. The size of the injector nozzle.

B. The amount of time the injector opens and sprays fuel.
C. The voltage applied to the injector solenoid coil.
D. The distance between the injector tip and the centre of the intake port.
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36. The throttle body of a port fuel injected engine may include any of the following components EXCEPT:
A. Idle air control motor.

B. Single or double bores with throttle plates.
C. Throttle position sensor.
D. Oxygen sensor.

37. Fuel injectors may be controlled ______.
A. In pairs or groups.
B. All at once.
C. Sequentially.

38. An O-ring at the base of a fuel injector ______.
A. Seals the injector to its mounting position.

B. Provides thermal insulation to prevent the formation of vapour bubbles.
C. Dampens potentially damaging vibrations.

39. Fuel injectors are ______.
A. Top fuel-feeding devices.

B. Bottom fuel-feeding devices.
C. Both “top fuel-feeding devices” and “bottom fuel-feeding devices”.
D. Neither “top fuel-feeding devices” nor “bottom fuel-feeding devices”.
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40. Identify seven (7) advantages of gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems.
1 Improved fuel efficiency: GDI engines have been shown to improve fuel efficiency by up to 20%
compared to conventional fuel injection systems.
2 Increased power: GDI systems allow for higher compression ratios and more efficient
combustion, resulting in more power and torque.
3 Reduced emissions: GDI engines produce fewer emissions than conventional fuel injection
systems, especially in cold-start conditions.
4 Better throttle response: GDI systems deliver fuel more quickly and precisely, resulting in
improved throttle response and acceleration
5 Lower carbon build-up: GDI systems spray fuel directly into the combustion chamber, reducing
Carbon build-up on engine components and extending the life of the engine.
6 Reduced engine knock: GDI engines have a higher octane rating, reducing engine knock and
improving performance.
7 Flexibility: GDI systems are flexible in terms of fuel delivery, allowing for the use of different fuel
types such as ethanol or methanol, and enabling the use of alternative fuels in the future.

41. In a GDI [gasoline direct injection] system, the tip of the injector is located ______.
A. Inside the combustion chamber.

B. On the throttle body.
C. In the intake port.
D. In the intake manifold plenum.
42. Explain what the throttle position (TP) sensor does?

The throttle position (TP) sensor, also known as the throttle position sensor (TPS), is a sensor that
measures the position of the throttle in an engine's fuel system. It is typically located on the throttle body
and works by sending a voltage signal to the engine control module (ECM) or powertrain control module
(PCM) to indicate the position of the throttle

43. A throttle position sensor has ______.
A. A 5-volt reference input terminal.

B. A 0- to-5-volt signal output terminal.
C. A ground terminal.
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44. Describe the purpose of an ECT signal on an EFI system.

The ECT (Engine Coolant Temperature) sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the engine coolant.
Its signal is used by the engine control module (ECM) to adjust the fuel injection and ignition timing. At
startup, the ECM uses the ECT signal to determine the engine's initial fuel and timing settings. As the
engine warms up, the ECT signal helps the ECM to adjust the fuel injection and ignition timing to
optimize engine performance and reduce emissions. If the ECT signal is lost or out of range, the ECM
will typically use a default value to maintain engine operation

45. The engine coolant temperature sensor helps to control all the following EXCEPT:
A. Fuel pressure.
B. Open loop/closed loop operation.
C. EGR opening.
D. Ignition timing.
46. What is an oxygen sensor?

An oxygen sensor, also known as an O2 sensor, is a device that measures the amount of oxygen in the
exhaust gases of an engine. The sensor is located in the exhaust system and sends a signal to the
engine control module (ECM) or powertrain control module (PCM) to help determine the correct air/fuel
ratio for optimal combustion efficiency. The oxygen sensor is a critical component of a vehicle's
emissions control system and helps reduce harmful pollutants released into the environment.

47. When the system is running rich, the oxygen content in the exhaust is ______.
A. High.
B. Low.
C. Both A and B.
D. Neither A nor B.

48. A conventional oxygen sensor needs to be heated to ________ degrees Celsius before it can produce a
usable signal.
Date:
A. 260 (500F).
B. 400 (750F).
C. 540 (1000).
D. 650 (1200).
49. Identify the purpose and two (2) designs of mass airflow sensors.
The purpose of a mass airflow sensor (MAF) is to measure the amount of air entering the engine so that
the engine control module (ECM) can determine the appropriate fuel injector pulse width and ignition
timing for optimal performance and emissions.
The two designs of mass airflow sensors are:
Hot-wire MAF sensor: This design uses a heated wire to measure the amount of airflow entering the
engine. As the air flows over the wire, it cools it down, and the ECM measures the amount of electrical
current required to keep the wire at a constant temperature. The more air flowing over the wire, the more
electrical current required to maintain the temperature, and the ECM calculates the airflow based on the
current needed to maintain the temperature.
Vane-type MAF sensor: This design uses a vane mounted in the intake air stream to measure the
amount of airflow. The vane is connected to a potentiometer that varies its electrical resistance based on
the position of the vane. The ECM measures the resistance and calculates the airflow based on the vane
position

50. Which of the following is NOT a type of mass airflow sensor?
A. Karmen-Vortex.
B. Vane type.
C. Hot wire.
D. Hall effect.
51. Explain what a MAP sensor does?

A MAP (Manifold Absolute Pressure) sensor is an engine management sensor that measures the
pressure of the air inside the intake manifold. The sensor provides the ECU (Engine Control Unit) with
important information about the engine's load and operating conditions, which can be used to calculate
the appropriate air/fuel mixture for optimal performance and emissions control.
The MAP sensor works by measuring the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure
inside the intake manifold. As the engine's load changes, the manifold pressure also changes, and this
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information is used by the ECU to adjust the fuel injection and ignition timing for optimal performance
In addition to measuring manifold pressure, some MAP sensors also incorporate a barometric pressure
sensor, which provides the ECU with information about changes in atmospheric pressure that can affect
engine performance at different altitudes.
52. What does the intake air temperature (IAT) sensor measure?
The intake air temperature (IAT) sensor measures the temperature of the incoming air that enters the
engine. The sensor is usually located in the intake manifold or air intake duct and provides the Engine
Control Module (ECM) with information about the temperature of the incoming air. This information is
used by the ECM to calculate the correct fuel delivery and ignition timing for optimal engine performance
and efficiency.
53. What is the function of the crankshaft position sensor [CKP]?

The crankshaft position sensor [CKP] measures the position and rotational speed of the crankshaft and
sends this information to the engine control module [ECM]. The ECM uses this information to determine
the ignition timing, fuel injection timing, and other important engine functions. The CKP sensor is a critical
component in ensuring the proper operation of the engine.

54. Which sensor synchronises the firing of the injectors and determines when piston number one (1) is on the
compression stroke?
A. CKP [crankshaft position sensor].

B. CMP [camshaft position sensor].
C. TPS [throttle position sensor].
D. VSS [vehicle speed sensor].
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55. What does the camshaft position (CMP) sensor monitor, and why?
The camshaft position (CMP) sensor monitors the position and speed of the camshaft in relation to the
crankshaft. It is important for engine control as it helps the electronic control module (ECM) to accurately
determine the precise timing of the engine's valve events. The ECM uses the information from the CMP
sensor to control fuel injection, ignition timing, and other engine functions. The sensor can be located in
various positions depending on the engine design, and may use a variety of sensing technologies such
as magnetic, optical or hall effect sensors.

56. Low battery voltage might result in?
A. Cylinder head temperature increase.

B. Faulty sensor reading.
C. Half of the cylinders continue to fire as normally.
57. Can the PCM operate without good voltage supply and good ground connection?
No, the PCM (Powertrain Control Module) cannot operate without a good voltage supply and a good
ground connection. The PCM relies on a steady voltage supply and a good ground connection to function
properly, and any issues with these connections can cause various electrical problems, including
incorrect sensor readings, misfires, and even complete engine failure.
58. What purpose of the power steering pressure switch do in regard to engine management?
The power steering pressure switch is used in some engine management systems to increase the idle
speed when the power steering system is under load. When the power steering system is under load,
such as when the wheels are turned at low speeds, the pressure in the system increases. The power
steering pressure switch detects this increase in pressure and sends a signal to the engine control
module (ECM), which in turn increases the idle speed to compensate for the added load on the engine.
This prevents the engine from stalling or running roughly when the power steering system is under load.
59. Why does the engine use a knock sensor (KS)?

The engine uses a knock sensor (KS) to detect the occurrence of engine knock or detonation. Engine
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knock or detonation is an uncontrolled explosion of the air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber that
can cause engine damage. The KS detects these abnormal combustion events and sends a signal to the
engine control module (ECM) to adjust the ignition timing and prevent further detonation. This helps to
protect the engine from damage and ensure optimal performance.
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60. What type of sensor is the knock sensor (KS)?

The knock sensor (KS) is a type of piezoelectric sensor that detects engine knock or detonation by
converting mechanical vibration caused by the knock into an electrical signal that the engine control
module (ECM) can interpret.
61. A vehicles computer’s memory holds the programs and other data, such as vehicle calibrations, which the
CPU refers to while making calculations.
 What are four (4) types of memory in a computer?

 How does each memory operate?
In a computer, there are several types of memory with different functions. These include:
Random Access Memory (RAM): This is the primary memory used by the CPU to store and retrieve data
quickly. It is volatile, meaning that it loses its data when the computer is turned off.
Read-Only Memory (ROM): This type of memory is non-volatile, which means that it retains its data even
when the computer is turned off. ROM is used to store firmware, including the BIOS that controls the
computer's basic functions. Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM): This is
a type of non-volatile memory that can be reprogrammed. It is used to store system configuration data
and calibration tables.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD): This is a type of non-volatile memory that stores data magnetically on a spinning
disk. It is used to store the operating system, programs, and user data. Each type of memory operates
differently. RAM is the fastest memory and is used to temporarily store data that the CPU needs to
access quickly. ROM is used to store firmware that the CPU needs to access during the boot process.
EEPROM is used to store system configuration data that needs to be retained even when the power is
turned off. The hard disk drive is used for long-term storage of data and programs, and its speed is much
slower than that of RAM

62. Which of the answers below allows control modules to share sensor output status information without the
need for additional sensors or wiring?
A. Multiplexing.
B. Transcription.
C. Reprogramming.
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D. Pulse width modulation.
63. A system’s adaptive strategy is based on a plan for the timing and control of computer-controlled systems
during different operating conditions. What does this mean?
A system's adaptive strategy refers to its ability to adjust the timing and control of computer-controlled
systems based on various operating conditions. These conditions include factors such as engine
temperature, driving conditions, and fuel quality. The strategy is designed to optimize performance and
efficiency, and it involves adjusting fuel and air delivery, ignition timing, and other parameters to achieve
the desired result. The adaptive strategy allows the engine management system to adapt to changes in
the operating environment, ensuring that the engine runs smoothly and efficiently at all times.
64. Describe what ‘Short-term fuel trim’ (STFT) and ‘Long-term fuel trim’ (LTFT) is?
Short-term fuel trim (STFT) and long-term fuel trim (LTFT) are parameters used by the engine control
module (ECM) to adjust the air/fuel mixture and optimize engine performance.
STFT refers to the immediate adjustments made by the ECM to the fuel delivery system based on real-
time sensor readings. This allows the ECM to adjust the air/fuel ratio to account for changes in engine
load, temperature, and other variables that can affect combustion efficiency. STFT values are typically
measured in percentage points, with a positive value indicating that the ECM is adding fuel and a
negative value indicating that it is reducing fuel.
LTFT, on the other hand, is a longer-term adjustment to the air/fuel mixture. This parameter is used to
compensate for changes in the engine over time, such as wear and tear or changes in fuel quality. LTFT
values are typically measured as a percentage of the base fuel trim value, and can be adjusted by the
ECM over time as needed to maintain optimal engine performance.
Together, STFT and LTFT allow the ECM to continuously adjust the air/fuel mixture to ensure that the
engine is running as efficiently and cleanly as possible.

65. The computer sends a constant, predetermined voltage signal to a sensor. The sensor reacts to operating
conditions and sends a voltage signal back to the computer. What is this voltage called?
A. Reference voltage.
B. Battery voltage.
C. Alternating voltage.
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66. Fuel injectors may be controlled.
A. In pairs or groups.
B. All at once.
C. Sequentially.
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67. What is meant by sequential firing of the fuel injectors?

Sequential firing of the fuel injectors means that each injector is fired in a specific order, corresponding to
the engine's firing order. This allows for precise fuel delivery to each cylinder at the appropriate time,
resulting in improved fuel efficiency and engine performance. In contrast, non-sequential firing injectors
spray fuel simultaneously, which can lead to uneven fuel distribution and poor engine performance
68. The PCM has control over the engine’s idle speed. How does it accomplish this?
The PCM (Powertrain Control Module) uses inputs from various sensors to determine the engine's idle
speed and adjust it as needed. The PCM controls the idle speed by adjusting the amount of air entering
the engine through the throttle body. It does this by opening and closing the idle air control (IAC) valve to
regulate the airflow. The IAC valve is a solenoid that is controlled by the PCM, and it is typically located
on the throttle body. The PCM uses information from the engine coolant temperature sensor, the throttle
position sensor, and the oxygen sensors to determine the correct idle speed. If the idle speed is too low
or too high, the PCM will adjust the IAC valve to bring it back to the desired level.
69. How is the fuel pump relay powered up on an EFI vehicle?

The fuel pump relay on an EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) vehicle is typically powered up through the
PCM (Powertrain Control Module). When the key is turned to the "ON" position, the PCM energizes the
fuel pump relay for a few seconds to prime the fuel system. Once the engine is started and the PCM
receives input from various sensors, it determines the appropriate fuel pressure required and sends a
signal to the fuel pump relay to turn on the fuel pump and maintain the required fuel pressure. The PCM
constantly monitors the fuel pressure and adjusts the fuel pump's operation as necessary.
70. Explain how the PCM controls the engine cooling fans?
The PCM (Powertrain Control Module) controls the engine cooling fans by monitoring inputs from various
sensors such as the engine coolant temperature sensor, A/C refrigerant pressure sensor, and vehicle
speed sensor. When the coolant temperature rises above a predetermined level or when the A/C
compressor is turned on, the PCM sends a signal to the cooling fan relay to turn on the fans. The PCM
can also vary the speed of the fans by sending different signals to the relay. The PCM may also turn on
the fans after the engine is turned off to prevent heat soak and to cool the engine compartment.
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71. What process does the vehicle HVAC system go through to asking the PCM to turn the air conditioning
compressor on?
The vehicle HVAC system sends a request to the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) to turn the air
conditioning (A/C) compressor on. The PCM will only activate the compressor if certain conditions are
met, such as the engine being at operating temperature and the A/C button being pressed. Once the
PCM receives the request and confirms that the conditions are met, it will signal the A/C compressor
relay to activate the compressor. This allows the A/C system to function and provide cool air to the
vehicle's cabin.
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72. Variable intake manifolds have a motor connected to a butterfly valve in the centre of the manifold. The valve
is closed during low speeds, keeping the two plenum areas separated. How does the valve open to allow the
plenums to become one?
The motor connected to the butterfly valve in the centre of the manifold is controlled by the Powertrain
Control Module (PCM) based on the operating conditions of the engine. The PCM uses various sensors
to determine the engine load and speed and decides when to open or close the valve. When the engine
is operating at low speeds, the valve remains closed, keeping the two plenum areas separated. As the
engine speed increases, the PCM opens the valve, allowing the two plenums to become one, creating a
larger volume of air and improving engine performance. The PCM controls the valve's opening angle
based on the input from various sensors to ensure optimal engine performance.
73. Describe the operation of a digital EGR valve?

A digital EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) valve is an electronically controlled valve that regulates the
flow of exhaust gas into the intake manifold. It works by opening or closing a small passage between the
exhaust manifold and the intake manifold to regulate the amount of exhaust gas that enters the engine.
The operation of a digital EGR valve is controlled by the PCM (Powertrain Control Module). The PCM
uses inputs from various sensors to determine the engine load, temperature, and speed, and then
calculates the appropriate amount of exhaust gas to recirculate into the engine.
The digital EGR valve operates in a binary fashion, which means that it is either fully open or fully closed.
It uses a small DC motor to actuate the valve, which is controlled by a pulse width modulated (PWM)
signal from the PCM. The PWM signal varies the duty cycle of the voltage supplied to the motor, which in
turn controls the position of the valve.
The digital EGR valve is more precise and responsive than traditional EGR valves, which use a vacuum-
controlled diaphragm to open or close the valve. The digital EGR valve can be adjusted in real-time to
provide the exact amount of EGR needed for a given operating condition, resulting in better engine
performance and lower emissions.
74. To gain more control of canister purging, the EVAP operation is controlled by the PCM. How?
The EVAP (evaporative emission control system) is designed to capture and store fuel vapors from the
fuel tank and prevent them from escaping into the atmosphere. The canister purge valve is responsible
for allowing the stored fuel vapors to be drawn into the engine and burned.
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The PCM monitors the fuel tank pressure sensor to determine the pressure in the fuel tank. It also
monitors the purge flow sensor to determine the flow of fuel vapors through the canister purge valve.
Based on this information, the PCM can control the canister purge valve to regulate the flow of fuel
vapors into the engine.
The PCM uses a solenoid to control the canister purge valve. When the solenoid is energized, it allows
vacuum to be applied to the valve, which opens and allows the fuel vapors to flow into the engine. The
PCM can adjust the duration and frequency of the solenoid's operation to regulate the amount of fuel
vapors that are purged from the canister. This helps to ensure that the engine is running efficiently and
that emissions are minimized.
75. How does the PCM control the accelerator on an electronic throttle control system?
On an electronic throttle control system, the PCM controls the accelerator by receiving input from the
accelerator pedal position (APP) sensor. The APP sensor measures the position and movement of the
accelerator pedal, and sends a signal to the PCM. Based on this signal and other inputs, such as engine
speed and load, the PCM calculates the appropriate throttle position and sends a signal to the throttle
actuator motor to adjust the throttle blade opening accordingly. This allows the PCM to control the engine
speed and torque output, providing precise and smooth acceleration
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76. The PCM can adjust the variable valve timing on an engine. Explain how this is done?
Variable valve timing (VVT) is a system that allows the engine to adjust the timing of the opening and
closing of the intake and exhaust valves. The PCM controls VVT by using solenoids to adjust oil flow to
the camshaft phases, which change the camshaft timing.
The camshaft phase is mounted on the end of the camshaft and contains a rotor and stator. When oil
pressure is applied to the phase, it rotates the rotor, which changes the position of the camshaft relative
to the crankshaft. This changes the timing of the valve opening and closing, which can improve engine
performance, reduce emissions, and increase fuel efficiency.
The PCM uses input from various sensors, such as the camshaft position sensor and the crankshaft
position sensor, to determine the optimal timing for the engine. It then sends signals to the camshaft
phases to adjust the timing as needed. The PCM continuously monitors engine operating conditions and
makes adjustments to the VVT system as necessary to optimize engine performance.
77. What is the DLC and where is it found in modern vehicles?

DLC stands for Data Link Connector, which is a standardized 16-pin diagnostic connector used in
modern vehicles. The DLC is typically located under the dashboard on the driver's side of the vehicle and
provides access to the vehicle's computer systems for diagnostic and testing purposes. It allows a
technician to connect a scan tool or diagnostic equipment to the vehicle's computer to retrieve diagnostic
trouble codes (DTCs) and other information related to the vehicle's operation.

78. Reach, heat range and air gap are all characteristics that affect the performance of which ignition system
component?
A. Ignition coils.
B. Ignition switch.
C. Spark plugs.
D. Breaker points.
79. Why is the correct spark plug heat range important?

The correct spark plug heat range is important because if the heat range is too high, it may cause pre-
ignition or detonation, leading to engine damage. On the other hand, if the heat range is too low, the
spark plug may foul and become coated in carbon and oil deposits, which can cause misfires, reduced
power, and poor fuel economy. The heat range of the spark plug determines how quickly it can transfer
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heat from the combustion chamber to the engine's cooling system. The heat range is influenced by
factors such as the material composition of the electrode, the length of the insulator tip, and the size and
shape of the ground electrode.
80. What is spark plug reach?

Spark plug reach is the length of the threaded portion of the spark plug that extends into the combustion
chamber of the engine. It is important to select the correct spark plug reach to ensure proper fitment and
sealing in the cylinder head. Using a spark plug with the incorrect reach can cause poor performance,
engine damage, and potentially dangerous conditions such as engine misfire, detonation, or pre-ignition
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81. By what factor is the heat range of a spark plug determined?

The heat range of a spark plug is determined by the length of the insulator nose and the ability of the
spark plug to transfer heat from the combustion chamber to the engine's cooling system.

82. The heat rang of a spark plug is indicated by.
A. The colour of the insulator ribs.

B. The number of the insulator ribs.
C. A code within the plug number imprinted on the side of the sparkplug.

83. Modern ignition cables contain carbon fibre cores that act as a ________ in the secondary circuit to cut down
on radio and television interference and reduce spark plug wear.
A. Insulator.
B. Resistor.
C. Semiconductor.
D. Heat shield.
84. Explain briefly how an ignition coil operates?

An ignition coil is an electrical component that transforms the low-voltage power supply of a vehicle into
the high-voltage current required to create sparks in the spark plugs. It is composed of two windings, a
primary and a secondary, that are wrapped around a laminated iron core. When the ignition switch is
turned.
on, the PCM sends a signal to the ignition coil, which then charges the primary winding with electrical
energy. When the signal is cut off, the magnetic field collapses and a high voltage spark is created in the
secondary winding, which is then transmitted to the spark plugs through the distributor or ignition wires
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85. Name the different types of ignition coils below.
Convention ignition coil Coil on plug ignition coil
Distributor less ignition coil Waste spark ignition coil

86. What happens when the low-voltage current flow in the coil primary windings is interrupted by the switching
device?
A. The magnetic field around the primary windings collapses.

B. The movement of the magnetic field across the windings induces a high voltage in the secondary
windings.
C. Both “The magnetic field around the primary windings collapses” and “The movement of the magnetic field
across the windings induces a high voltage in the secondary windings”.
D. Neither “The magnetic field around the primary windings collapses” and “The movement of the magnetic
field across the windings induces a high voltage in the secondary windings”.
Date:
Fill in the gaps

87. Complete the following statement about advance mechanisms system using the following words.
Words: PCM, ECM, Engine Mechanical, Vacuum, Precise, Ignition, Timing
After the manufacturers eliminated the ___mechanical_______ and _____vacum_____ advance mechanisms
on their distributors, the ____PCM______ or ___ECM_______ controlled ignition timing. This allowed for
more ______precise ____ control of _____ignition _____ ______timing____ and provided improved
combustion. The PCM adjusted the ignition timing according to _____engine_____ speed, engine load,
coolant temperature, throttle position, and intake manifold pressure.

88. The period of time during which there is primary current flow through the ignition coil is called.
A. Ignition.
B. Dwell.
C. Space.
D. Minutes.
Fill in the gaps

89. Complete the following statement about electronic control system using the following words.
Words: Crankshaft, Cylinders, Monitor, TDC, Missing, Reference, Camshaft, PCM, Thirty-five
The rotor for a _____Crankshaft_____ position (CKP) sensor has several teeth (the number varies with
application) equally spaced around the outside of the rotor. One or more teeth are _____missing_____ at
fixed locations. These missing teeth provide a _____reference_____ point for the _____PCM_____ to
determine crankshaft position. For example, the pulse wheel may have a total of ____35______ teeth spaced
10 degrees apart and an empty space where the thirty-sixth tooth would have been. The thirty-five teeth are
used to ____monitor ______ crankshaft speed; the gap is used to identify which pair of cylinders is
approaching ____TDC______. The input from the ___Crankshaft_______ position sensor signals is used in
order to determine which of these two _____cylinders_____ is on its firing stroke and which is on the exhaust
stroke.
Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer

90. Which of the following is NOT a type of engine position sensor?
A. Hall-effect.
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B. Magnetic pulse generator.

C. Photoelectric (Optical).
D. Piezoresistive.
Fill in the gaps

91. Complete the following statement about inductive pickup ignition systems using the following words.
Words: Polarity, Rotates, Ignition, Signal, Trigger, Magnetic, Pickup, Induced, Conductor, Magnetic pulse,
Electromagnetism
The _____induction _____ _______coil___ or PM generator operates on the principles of

__magnetism________. A voltage is ______induced____ in a conductor when a magnetic field passes over
the _____conductor_____ or when the conductor moves over a _____magnetic_____ field. The magnetic
field is provided by a magnet in the ____ignition______ unit, and the rotating ____trigger______ wheel
provides the required movement through the magnetic field to induce ____magnetic pulses______.
As the trigger wheel _____rotates_____ past the pickup coil, a weak AC ____signal______ is induced in the
pickup coil. This signal is sent to the ____ignition______ module. In early ignition systems, the change in
____polarity______ was used as a signal to prepare the ignition coil for another spark plug firing.
Fill in the gaps

92. Complete the following statement about Hall-effect ignition systems using the following words.
Words: Sensor, Output, Voltage, Reference, Hall-effect, PCM, Ground
A typical __________ sensor has three wires connected to it. One wire is the __________ voltage wire. The
__________ supplies a reference __________ of 5 to 12 volts, depending on the system. The second wire
delivers the __________ signal from the __________ to the PCM, and the third wire provides a __________
for the sensor.
Fill in the gaps

93. Complete the following statement about light emitting diode ignition systems using the following words.
Words: LED, Phototransistor, Photoelectric, Generated, Module, Pulsating, Interrupter
Some early distributor ignition systems relied on _____hall effect_____ sensors to monitor engine position.
They consisted of an _____power_____, a light-sensitive ____PCM______ (photocell), and a slotted disc
called an ____voltage______. As the interrupter rotated between the LED and the photocell,
__output________ voltage was ___Hall _effect sensor______ in the photocell. This voltage was passed onto
the ignition ____ground______ and was used as the basis for all ignition timing.
Date:
Date:
94. Describe a waste spark ignition system?

A waste spark ignition system is a type of ignition system used in many modern gasoline engines. In this
system, each cylinder has its own spark plug, but unlike in a traditional ignition system, each spark plug
fires twice per cycle - once during the compression stroke and once during the exhaust stroke. This is
achieved by having a single coil that produces high voltage energy to two spark plugs at the same time,
one for a compression stroke and one for an exhaust stroke.
The spark plug firing during the exhaust stroke is referred to as the "waste" spark, as it does not ignite
any fuel mixture but is simply used to discharge any residual electrical energy that remains in the ignition
system.
The waste spark ignition system is used because it is more efficient and cost-effective to produce a
single coil that can fire two spark plugs simultaneously rather than using two separate coils. Additionally,
the waste spark ignition system is more reliable and durable as compared to other types of ignition
systems, and it can operate well under a variety of driving conditions
Fill in the gaps

95. Complete the following statement about coil-on-plug ignition using the following words.
Words: Timing, PCM, Camshaft, Crankshaft, Capacitor, Coil-per-cylinder, Ignition, Programmed
In a typical ____coil per cylinder______ system, a ____Crankshaft______ position sensor provides a basic
timing signal. This signal is sent to the _____PCM_____. The PCM is ____programmed______ with the firing
order for the engine and determines which ____coil pr cylinder______ coil should be turned on or off. Some
engines require an additional ___camshaft_______ signal from the ____camshaft______ position sensor. On
some systems, there is also a coil ____capacitor______ for each bank of coils for radio noise suppression.
Fill in the gaps

96. Complete the following statement about integrated ignition systems using the following words.
Words: Spark, Igniter, ECU, Integrated, Engine, Timing, Sensors, Ignition, Voltage, Distributor, Windings
On _____integrated_____ ignition systems, the engine ___ECU _______ is programmed so that it provides
optimum ignition _____Timing_____ under all operating conditions. It receives information from various
_____sensors_____ that monitor the ______engine____ function, calculates the ___ignition_______ timing
and sends a signal to the igniter in the ____distributor______ assembly.
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The ___igniter_______ triggers ignition coil action so that high ___voltage_______ is produced by the
secondary ______windings____ of the ignition coil and distributed through the rotor and cap to the
appropriate ___spark_______ plug.
True or False question
97. Symptom-based diagnostic charts focus on a definition of the problem and offer a list of possible causes of the
problem.
✘ True or False
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98. Looking at the diagnostic fault chart below, what are the possible causes for DTC P0122?
Date:
Date:
Fill in the gaps

99. Complete the following statement about low pressure fuel system testing using the following words.
Words: Faulty, Fuel, Gauge, Immediately, Leak, Observe, Pressure, Specifications, Testing, Visual
Prior to _____testing_____ the fuel pump, a careful ______visual____ inspection of the injectors, fuel rail, and
fuel lines and hoses is necessary. Any sign of a _____leak_____ __________ should be noted and the cause
corrected _____immediately_____. The supply line into the fuel rail is a likely point of leakage. Check the area
around the fitting to make sure no leaks have occurred. To test fuel _____pressure_____, connect the
appropriate pressure ______guage____ to the fuel rail test fitting. Turn the ignition switch to the run position
and _____observe_____ the fuel pressure gauge. Compare the reading to ___specifications_______. A
reading lower than normal indicates a ______faulty____ fuel pump or fuel delivery system.
Fill in the gaps

100. Complete the following statement about high pressure fuel system testing using the following words.
Words: Sound, Check, Controlling, High, Scan, Pressure, Gauge, Fuel, Fluctuate, Electrical, Specified, Not
Because GDI operates under very ___high_______ pressures, a typical fuel volume check should
___not_______ be done. However, the ___quality_______ of the fuel can be checked as well as the condition
of the high- pressure pump. Fuel pressure is best tested by _____checking_____ the activity of the pump with
a ____scan______ tool. With the scan tool and fuel pressure _guage_________ connected, start the engine.
Select the mode on the tool that allows for control of the ____fuel______ pressure (this mode will vary with
the type of tool). Attempt to bring the fuel pressure up to the ____specified______ pressure. While changing
the pressure, the reading should _____fluctuate_____. Also listen to the _____sound_____ of the pump. It
too should cycle. If any of these conditions do not exist, ___check_______ the pump, its _____electrical_____
circuits, pressure sensor, and the PCM.

101. A pressure __________ can be used to connect a DMM or Scope to the fuel system to measure fuel
pressure.
A. Gauge.
B. Transducer.
C. Sensor.
D. Regulator .
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102. Fuel pumps should be tested for __________ and __________.
A. Pressure and Volume.

B. Back pressure and flow return.
C. Vacuum and Capacity.
D. None of these answers .

103. A high fuel pressure reading is typically caused by a faulty fuel.
A. Pump.
B. Pressure regulator.
C. Filter.
D. Tank.

104. A no start/no fuel pressure condition is being diagnosed. When a test light is connected to the pump positive
terminal, there is no voltage when the engine is cranked by the starter. What could cause this problem?
A. Defective neutral safety switch.

B. Bad fuel pump ground.
C. Defective fuel pressure regulator.
D. Defective fuel pump relay.

105. Which of the following problems could NOT cause the fuel pressure to drop off quickly after the engine and
ignition are turned off?
A. Leaking injector.
B. Internally leaking fuel pump check valve.
C. Internally leaking fuel pressure regulator.
D. Restricted fuel filter.
Date:

106. Before conducting any tests on the injection and engine control systems, be certain of the following?
A. The battery is fully charged, with clean terminals and connections.

B. All fuses and fusible links are intact.
C. All electrical harnesses are routed properly and their connectors and terminals are free of corrosion and
tight.
Fill in the gaps

107. Complete the following statement about fuel injector testing using the following words.
Words: Cycling, Electrical, Engine, Flashes, Impedance, Injector, Noid, Not, Receiving, Step, Voltage
When an _____injector_____ is suspected as the cause of a lean problem, the first _____step_____ is to
determine if the injector is _____receiving_____ a signal (from the PCM) to fire. Once the injector’s
_____electrical_____ connector has been removed, check for _____voltage_____ at the injector using a high
____impedence______ test light or a convenient _____noid_____ light that plugs into the connector. After
making the test connections, crank the ___engine_______. The noid light _____flashes_____ if the computer
is ____cycling______ the injector on and off. If the light is _____not_____ flashing, the computer or
connecting wires are defective.

108. Which of the following components can cause excessively high pressure in a returnless fuel delivery system?
A. Faulty fuel pressure regulator.
B. Faulty fuel pressure sensor.
C. Faulty PCM.

109. When viewing injector pattern on a lab scope, the injector pulse end with a?
A. Downward right angle.

B. First upward spike.
Date:
C. Highest upward spike.

D. Last upward spike.
Date:

110. If the injectors and their electrical harness are visible but cannot be accessed without removing the upper
intake manifold, injector operation can be checked by using?
A. Test light.
B. Technicians/Mechanics stethoscope.
C. Digital multimeter.
D. Probe.

111. On some vehicles, actuators can be tested with a scan tool by accessing output state control or output test
mode. In the mode, the actuator enabled or disabled, or the duty cycle increased or decreased.
✘ True or False

112. Which of the following tools is NOT used in testing engine sensors?
A. DMM.
B. Test light.
C. Scan tool.
D. Lab scope.

113. A vehicle towed into the workshop with a ‘cranks but doesn’t start’ problem. A quick check under the bonnet
reveals that the spark plugs are not firing and the injectors are not receiving a pulse from the PCM. The
technician notices that the MIL light does not come on when the key is turned to the run position. What would
you do next?
A. Check the PCM’s fuses, power wires, and ground wires.

B. Replace the PCM.
C. Check the main power relay in the power distribution centre.
D. Check for codes with a scan tool.
Date:

114. A MAP sensor with a varying frequency output can be tested with a?
A. Voltmeter.
B. Ohmmeter.
C. DMM with a duty cycle function.
D. DMM with a frequency function.

115. Which of the following tools should not be used to test an actuator unless the technician is directed to do so by
the manufacturer’s service procedure?
A. Scan tool.
B. DMM.
C. Jumper wires.
D. Lab scope.
Fill in the gaps

116. Complete the following statement about electrical terminal testing using the following words.
Words: Backprobe, Fuel, Injector, Ohmmeter, Pressure, Replace, Signal, Specifications, Voltage, Voltmeter
The _____fuel_____ ____injuctor______ and pump control can be checked with an _____ohmmeter_____.
Connect the meter across the _____injector_____ at the connector. Compare your readings to
___specifications_______. If the reading does not match specs, ____replace______ the injector or pump.
The fuel _____pressure_____ sensor can also be checked with a ____voltmeter______. With the engine
running and a fuel pressure gauge connected, ___back_______ the sensor’s output ____probe______ and
compare the pressure gauge reading and _____voltage_____ to specifications.

117. A vehicle with a DTC for an engine coolant temperature out of range code is being tested. The serial data
stream shows the coolant temperature to be 92°C (198°F). When the technician tests the resistance between
the ETC terminals, they find infinite resistance. The specifications call for 20 to 40 ohms at 93°C (200°F). After
the ECT is replaced and the code is eased, the system runs normally and the code and MIL illumination do not
reoccur. How is this possible?
A. There was excessive air in the cooling system; when the ECT sensor was removed, the tapped air bled
out.
Date:
B. The ETC code was set by a loose connection where the harness meets the ETC terminals; disconnecting
and reconnecting the plug essentially fixed the problem.
C. The problem is an intermittent electrical fault; it will eventually reoccur.
D. When the ETC failed, the PCM substituted a nominal ECT value that allowed the engine to run in limp
home mode; the substituted value was displayed by the scan tool.
Fill in the gaps

118. Complete the following statement about testing sensors and actuator using the following words.
Words: Actuator, Compression, Computer, Diagnosing, Faulty, Ignition, Input, Intake, Normal, Scan, Scanner,
Specifications, Testing
Most systems allow for ____testing______ of the _____actuator_____ through a ___scan_______ tool.
Actuators that are duty cycled by the ___computer_______ are more accurately _____diagnosed_____
through this method. Prior to diagnosing an actuator, make sure the engine’s ___compression_______,
_____ignition_____ system, and ______intake____ system are in good condition. Serial data can be used to
diagnose outputs using a _____scanner_____. The displayed data should be compared against
_____specifications_____ to determine the condition of any actuator. Also, when an actuator is suspected to
be ____faulty______, make sure the inputs related to the control of that actuator are within
____normal______ range. Faulty ____input______ will cause an actuator to appear faulty.

119. The sensor and output status data stored when a DTC is set is called?
A. Snapshot data.
B. Freeze frame data.
C. Mode 6 data.
D. Failure record.
120. Explain the different between the two (2) traces below?
Date:
A straight line trace is a consistent and predictable path, where each point is equidistant to the preceding
and following points. In contrast, a random line trace is an irregular path that may have abrupt changes in
direction and distance between points. A straight line trace is often used in precision measurements or
when a smooth and uniform motion is desired, while a random line trace may represent a more organic
or natural movement. Random line traces may also be used in fields such as art or design to create
unique and varied patterns.
Date:
121. In the scan tool live data below, answer the following.
Engine RPM: 2260RPM
Coolant Temp: 190F
IGN Advance: 60MPH
MAF: 1.21b / min
Throttle position: 10.1%
STFT #1: 0.0%
LTFT #1: -1.5%
O2S B1 S1: 0.0%
O2S B1 S2: 0.120V
O2S B2 S1: 0.660V
MIL: ON
122. Describe the process for replacing the CKP sensor?
The process for replacing the crankshaft position (CKP) sensor can vary depending on the
specific make and model of the vehicle. However, the general process for replacing the CKP
sensor is as follows:
1. Locate the CKP sensor: The CKP sensor is typically located on the engine block near the
crankshaft.
2. Disconnect the battery: Disconnect the negative battery cable to prevent any electrical
hazards.
3. Disconnect the sensor: Disconnect the electrical connector that connects the sensor to
the wiring harness.
4. Remove the sensor: Remove the mounting bolts that secure the sensor to the engine
block. In some cases, a special tool may be required to remove the sensor.
5. Clean the mounting surface: Clean the mounting surface of the engine block where the
sensor was mounted.
6. Install the new sensor: Install the new CKP sensor by reversing the removal process,
Date:
ensuring that the sensor is properly positioned and tightened to the manufacturer's
specifications.
7. Reconnect the battery: Reconnect the negative battery cable and test the vehicle to ensure
that the sensor is functioning properly.
Date:
Fill in the gaps

123. Complete the following statement about replacing a fuel injector using the following words.
Words: Access, Bolts, Connector, Disassembly, Electrical, Fuel, Injectors, Leaks, Lines, Loosen, Opened,
Operation, O-rings, Pressure, Pulling, Quick-disconnect, Rail, Reassembling, Reconnect, Regulator, Relieved,
Removing, Replacing, Reverse, Vacuum
The procedure for _____removing_____ and ______replacing____ the fuel rail, _____injector_____, and
pressure _____regulator_____ varies depending on the vehicle. On some applications, certain components
must be removed to gain ______access____ to these components. The system must be ____relieved______
of any and all _____pressure_____ before the fuel lines are ___opened_______ to remove any of the
components. ______Loosen____ the fuel line clamps on the fuel rail, if so equipped. If these lines have
______quick disconnect____ fittings, grasp the larger collar on the ____connector______ and twist in either
direction while pulling on the line to remove the ______fuel____ supply and return ______lines____. Now,
remove the ____vacuum______ line from the pressure regulator and disconnect the ___electrical_______
connectors from the injectors. The fuel _____rail_____ is now ready to be removed. On some engines, the
fuel rail is held in place by _____bolts_____; they need to be removed before _____pulling_____ the fuel rail
free. When ___disassembling_______ the fuel rail with the injectors and pressure regulator, make sure all
____O rings______ are replaced and lightly coated with engine oil. Assemble the fuel rail in the
___reverse_______ order as that used for _____removing_____. After the rail and injectors are in place and
everything connected to them, ___reconnect_______ the negative battery terminal. Then start the engine and
check for fuel ____leaks______ at the rail and be sure the engine ___operation_______ is normal.
Fill in the gaps

124. Complete the following statement about replacing a fuel pump using the following words.
Words: Bolts, Bend, Compare, Connections, Disconnect, Electrical, Installed, Labelled, Leaks, Negative,
Properly, Pump, Removing, Replace, Terminal
Before _____removing_____ the fuel pump, disconnect the ____negative ______ battery cable. Then
disconnect the _____electrical_____ connectors on the fuel pump. Now ____disconnect______ the fuel lines
at the pump. These lines should also be ______labelled____ so they are _____installed_____ correctly on
the new pump. Loosen and remove the _____bolts_____ holding the pump in place. Remove the
____pump______ by pushing the pump up until the bottom is clear of the bracket. Swing the pump out to the
side and pull it down too free it from the rubber fuel line coupler. ____Compare______ the replacement pump
with the old one. When inserting the new pump back into its bracket, be careful not to ______bend____ the
bracket. If the fuel was removed from the tank, _____replace_____ it. Make sure all electrical
____connections______ are reconnected and that all fuel lines and hoses are ____properly______ fastened
Date:
and tightened. Then reconnect the negative __terminal________ at the battery. Start the engine and check all
connections for fuel ____leaks______.
Date:

125. Reflashing a PCM requires that the PCM be removed from the vehicle and sent back to the manufacturer for
reflashing?
True or ✘ False
126. Under what circumstances should a PCM be reflashed?

There is a software update available from the manufacturer that addresses a specific issue or improves
the performance of the vehicle.
The vehicle is experiencing drivability problems that cannot be corrected by other means, such as
replacing faulty components.
The vehicle is being modified with aftermarket performance parts, and the PCM needs to be
reprogrammed to accommodate the changes.
The PCM has been replaced with a new or remanufactured unit, and it needs to be programmed with the
vehicle's specific VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) and other information to ensure proper operation.
Fill in the gaps

127. Complete the following statement about post-repair testing using the following words.
Words: Aftermarket, Comprehensive, Connector, Data, Diagnostics, DTC, Erase, Exact, Freeze, Grounds,
Installing, Isolating, Monitor, OBD-II, Perform, Problem, Repairs, Resolved, Retained, Scan, Terminals, Test,
Testing, Tighten, Vehicle, Verify,
After _____isolating_____ the source of the ___problem_______, the _____testing_____ should be made.
The system should then be rechecked to ____verify______ that the repair took care of the problem. This may
involve road ____testing______ the vehicle in order to verify that the complaint has been
____resolved______.
When servicing or repairing ______OBD-II circuits____ circuits, the following guidelines are important:
 Do not connect ____aftermarket______ accessories into an OBD-II circuit.
 Do not move or alter ____grounds______ from their original locations.
 Always replace a relay in an OBD-II circuit with an ____exact______ replacement. Damaged relays
should be thrown away, not repaired.
 Make sure all ____connector______ locks are in good condition and are in place.
 After repairing connectors or connector _____terminals_____, make sure the terminals are properly
_____tightened_____ and the connector is sealed.
Date:
 When ____installing______ a fastener for an electrical ground, be sure to ___tighten_______ it to the

specified torque.
Verification of repair is more _____comprehensive_____ for vehicles with OBD-II system

___diagnostics_______ than earlier vehicles. Following a repair, the technician should ____perform______
the following steps:
1 Review the fail records and the ___freeze_______ frame ____data______ for the ____DTC______
that was diagnosed. Record the fail records or freeze frame data.
2 Use the _____scan_____ tool’s clear DTCs or clear information functions to _____erase_____ the
DTCs.
3 Operate the ____vehicle______ within the conditions noted in the fail records or the freeze frame
data.
4 ___Monitor_______ the status information for the specific DTC until the diagnostic
___monitor_______ associated with that DTC runs.
Date:

AURETR123 Assessment 1 Written Knowledge Questions V2

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AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

Assessment 1 – Questioning – Written Assessment

Student Name Jawad Qaisar Student ID Number 20231090

Unit Start Date 12/6/2023 Unit End Date 8/06/2025

Assessment Due Date Date Submitted

The assessment process and tasks were fully explained. Yes / No

I am aware of which evidence will be collected and how. Yes / No

I am aware of my right to appeal an assessment decision. Yes / No

I have access to all required resources? Yes / No

Cheating & Plagiarism Declaration

Signature JQ Date: ______ / ______ / 20______

Satisfactory or Not Yet Satisfactory

Feedback to Student - Please provide general feedback on the Student’s performance

Student Name: Assessor’s Name:

Student Signature Date Assessor Signature Date

Student Guide for Written Knowledge Assessment

Time allowed On average, the Assessment should take 4 – 6 hours to complete.

Assessment Assessors MUST satisfy NVR/AQTF assessor requirements.

worked on, e.g. repair orders.

Resources required Learning Resources available to students include:

6 Avoid extreme temperatures: Avoid exposing electronic components to extreme temperatures,

8 Check polarity: Double-check the polarity of components before installing them.

2. Why should test lamps not be used with an EFI system?

With EFI systems should be used to avoid damaging the components

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

A. They should offer side protection.

6 Use a multimeter: When troubleshooting electronic ignition systems, it is important to use a

9. Why is Engine Management Systems used?

10. What is meant by combustion?

11. What are the two main chemicals in petrol?

13. What is air/fuel ratio and why is it important?

14. What is a rich mixture? What is a lean mixture?

15. What does the term stratified charge mean?

16. What is meant by “Octane Rating”?

17. Name the four (4) typical Fuel Injection systems?

1 Throttel body injection (TBI )

2 Multi port fuel injection (MPFI)

3 Multi port fuel injection (MPFI)

4 Sequential fuel injection (SFI)

19. Explain the basic operation of a CMFI system?

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

A. Intake manifold (plenum).

21. Where in the fuel system is a fuel filter usually found?

22. What is the purpose of the fuel filter?

24. Explain what a fuel pump does?

25. Where can fuel pump be located in a vehicle?

26. What are “High Pressure” fuel pumps?

1 Mechanical fuel pumps

2 Electrical fuel pumps

30. What is the purpose of the pressure regulator in a fuel system?

31. On returnless fuel systems, where is the pressure regulator located?

32. What are fuel injectors?

33. Name the eight [8] parts of a fuel injector below.

8 Fuel outlet hole

34. How is the fuel injector operated?

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

A. The size of the injector nozzle.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

A. Idle air control motor.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

A. Seals the injector to its mounting position.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

Signature JQ Date: / / 20__

The ___induction _ ___coil_ or PM generator operates on the principles of