I.

Strain ageing improves the yield strength of the material by trapping dislocations in a more ordered

configuration. The increase in yield strength can be described by the equation: Δσy = ksa√ε where Δσy is the

increase in yield strength, ksa is the strain ageing constant, and ε is the applied strain.

II. Strain ageing also improves the ultimate tensile strength of the material due to the increased density of
dislocations and the presence of solute atoms that impede dislocation motion. The precise relationship between
strain ageing and ultimate tensile strength depends on the specific material and its microstructure.

III. Strain ageing generally has a negative effect on ductility. During the ageing process, dislocations become
trapped in a more ordered configuration, which can act as nucleation sites for void formation. This promotes
localized deformation and reduces the material's ductility. Strain ageing can increase brittleness and lead to
premature failure under tensile loading conditions.

C. SOLID SOLUTION STRENGTHENING: