Cultural Backlash

Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism

PIPPA NORRIS
Harvard University
Sydney University

RONALD INGLEHART
University of Michigan

_ CAMBRIDGE
• UNIVERSITY PRESS
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List af Figures
www.cambridge.org List af Tables
Information on this tide: www.cambridge.org/978T T08426077
DOI: 10.1017/978rro8595841 Preface and Acknowledgments
© Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart 2019
PART I INTE
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of
relevant collective Iicensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place with­
I Understanding Populism
out the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2019
2 The Cultural Backlash Theory
Reprinted 2019 3 Varieties of Populism
Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd Padstow Cornwall
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. PART II AUTHORITARJA

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 4 The Backlash Against the Si lent li

NAMES: Norris, Pippa, author. I Inglehart, Ronald, author.
TITLE: Cultura l backlash : Trump, Brexit, and the rise of authoritarian-populism 1 5 Economic Grievances
Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart. 6 Immigration
DESCRIPTION: New York , NY : Cambridge University Press, 2018. I Includes
bibliographical references.
IDENTIFIERS: LCCN 20180379341 ISBN: 978rr084260n (hardback) 1 PART III
ISBN: 9781108444422 (pbk.)
SUBJECTS: LCSH: Populism. 1Authoritarianism. 1 Populism-United States. 1 7 Classifying Parties
Authoritarianism-United States.1 Populism-Great Britain . 1Authoritarianism-Great 8 Who Votes for Authoritaridll-P()
Britain. 1United States-Politics and government-21st century. 1 Great Britain-Politics
and government-21st century. 9 Party Fortunes and EJectoral Rui
CLASSIFICATION: LCC JC423 .N6599 2018 1 DDC 320.S6162--DC23 10 Trump's America
LC record available at https:I/lccn.loc.govho18037934
I I Brexit
ISBN 978-1-108-4260 7-7 Hardback
ISBN 978-1-108-44442-2 Paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs
for externa i or third-party internet websites re fe rred to in this publication and does not
guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
v
 CAMBRIDGE Contents
UNlVERSITY PRESS

University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom

One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA
477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC F07, Australia
3 1 4-3 2r, 3rd Floor, Plot 3, Splendor Forum, Jasola District Centre,
New Delhi - II0025, lndia
79 Anson Road, #06-04/06, Singapore 0799°6

Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.

Ir furthers the University's mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursllit of
education, learning, and research at the highest internationallevels of excellence. List of Figures page vii
www.cambridge.org List of Tables Xl

Information on this tide: www.cambridge.org/9 78II08426077 Preface and Acknowledgments X1l1

DOI : 10.1017/978II08595841
© Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart 20 19 PART I INTRODUCTION
This pllblication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of
relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place with­ I Understanding Populism 3
out the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
2 The Cultural Backlash Theory 32
First published 201 9
Reprinted 2019
3 Varieties of Populism 65
Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd Padstow Cornwall
PART 11 AUTHORITARIAN AND POPULIST VALUES
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publicatiun Data 4 The Backlash Against the Silent Revolution 87
NAMES: Norris, Pippa, author. 1lnglehart, Ronald, author. 5 Economic Grievances 13 2
TITLE: Cultural backlash : Trump, Brexit, and the rise of authoritarian-popll li sm 1
Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart. 6 Immigration 175
DESCRIPTION : New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 2018.1 lncludes
bibliographical references. PART 111 FROM VALUES TO VOTES
IDENTlFIERS: LCCN 2018037934 1ISBN: 978II08426077 (hardback) I
ISBN: 978II08444422 (pbk.) 7 Classifying Parties 21 5
SUB]ECTS: LCSH: Populism. I Authoritarianism .1 Populism-United States. I
Authoritarianism-United States.1 Populism-Great Britain. I Allthoritarianism-Great 8 Who Votes for Authoritarian-Populist Parties? 257
Britain. I United States-Politics and government-21st century.1 Great Britain-Politics 9 Party Fortunes and Electoral Rules 294
and governmcnt-21st century.
CLASSIFICATlON: LCC JC423 .N65 99 20181 DDC FO·56162--DC23 10 Trump's America 33 1
LC record available ar hrrps://lccn.loc.govho 1 80 37934 11 Brexit 3 68
ISBN 978-1-108-42607-7 Hardback
ISBN 978-1-108-44442-2 Paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibiliry for the persistence or accuracy of URLs
for externai or third-party internet websites referred to in this pllblication and does not
guarantee that any contem on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
v
VI Contents

PARTIV CONCLUSIONS

12 Eroding the Civic Culture 40 9

13 The Authoritarian-Populist Challenge 443
F·
TECHNICAL APPENDICES

Cultural Backlash: Technical Appendix A:

Classification of Parties 473
Technical Appendix B: The Variables and Coding
Used in the Multivariate Analysis 4 87

Bibliography 493
lndex 535

I.I Vote share for populist parti

194 6- 201 7
I.2 Vote share for Populist pa rries
2000-201 7
2.1 The theoretical framework
2.2 The size of generational cohor
2·3 The educational revolution, 1]:

2·4 Higher education by sex in h'

197 0- 201 5
2·5 Urbanization in high-income
2.6 Net migration ioto European I

2·7 Model of cleavages in party co

4. 1 The proportion of materialist
in Europe, 1970- 2002
4. 2 Socially liberal values correIa
values
4·3 The sileot revolution in socia l
Europe by generation
4·4 The silent revolution in social!
by education
4·5 Trends in conservative minus
US by generation, 1994-2014

Vil