Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Organisation QP 2
Organisation QP 2
1.
(a) Amylase is a polymer of smaller molecules.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) Name the three parts of the human digestive system that produce amylase.
1 ________________________________________________________________
2 ________________________________________________________________
3 ________________________________________________________________
(2)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(d) Name two control variables the student used in the investigation.
1 ________________________________________________________________
2 ________________________________________________________________
(2)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
20 5
35 2
50 7
65 14
(f) What conclusion can be made about the effect of temperature on amylase activity between
20 °C and 65 °C?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(5)
Describe how the student could extend the investigation to determine the effect of a
different factor on amylase activity.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 17 marks)
The circulatory system is composed of the blood, blood vessels and the heart.
2.
(a) Urea is transported in the blood plasma.
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
(2)
Training at high altitude increases the number of red blood cells per cm3 of blood.
Explain why having more red blood cells per cm3 of blood is an advantage to an athlete.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
Aorta
Coronary artery
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Vena cava
(2)
Figure 1
(d) Which type of blood vessel carries blood into the right atrium?
(1)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
Figure 2
(1)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 13 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 6 marks)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(ii) A comparison is made between blood taken from an artery in the leg and blood taken
from a vein in the leg.
1. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
Suggest two possible advantages of using the new artificial blood, instead of using human
blood for a transfusion in humans.
1. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
A small animal called an axolotl lives in water. The axolotl has a double circulatory system.
5.
(a) Define the term double circulatory system.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
Figure 1
(c) Explain why having only one ventricle makes the circulatory system less efficient than
having two ventricles.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
Figure 2
(d) Explain why an axolotl may die in water with a low concentration of oxygen.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(4)
Scientists hope to use information on how axolotls grow new gills to help with regenerating
human tissue.
(e) Name the type of cell that divides when a new gill grows.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(g) Suggest one reason why an axolotl is a suitable animal for research in the laboratory.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(h) An axolotl may not be a suitable animal to study when researching regeneration in human
tissue.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 12 marks)
The figure below shows the internal structure of the human heart.
6.
One of the heart valves is labelled.
(a) Explain why a person with a leaking heart valve has difficulty exercising.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(4)
A patient with a leaking heart valve may have the valve replaced.
• mechanical valves
The data used in the study was collected from female patients aged 50–69.
Mechanical Biological
(b) Give one conclusion about the death of patients from heart-related problems after a valve
replacement.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(c) One risk of mechanical valves is that blood clots can form on the surface of the valve.
Name the component of the blood that starts the process of blood clotting.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
Use information from the table above and your own knowledge.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(6)
(Total 14 marks)
(b) Many people suffer from stomach ulcers caused by a species of bacteria called
Helicobacter pylori.
Helicobacter pylori are acid-tolerant bacteria which can damage this mucus lining.
Suggest how an infection with Helicobacter pylori might result in a stomach ulcer
developing.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
Describe how a person infected with Helicobacter pylori could also develop liver cancer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
Describe the test you would use to find out if protein is present in food.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
It damages the lining of the small intestine when foods that contain gluten are eaten.
When people with coeliac disease eat foods that contain gluten:
1. their immune system forms antibodies to gluten
2. these antibodies attack the lining of the small intestine
3. this causes inflammation in the intestines and damages the villi.
Suggest why a person with coeliac disease might have this symptom.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 12 marks)
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
A B C D
(1)
(b) Which cell structure in a leaf mesophyll cell is not found in a root hair cell?
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(c) Name the cells in a leaf that control the rate of water loss.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(d) Water is taken in by the roots, transported up the plant and lost from the leaves.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(e) Which change would decrease the rate of water loss from a plant’s leaves?
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
Increased humidity
Increased temperature
(1)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(6)
Figure 2 shows the total volume of water lost from a plant over 6 hours.
Figure 2
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(h) The rate of water loss at midnight was much lower than at 12:00
Explain why.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 17 marks)
0.0 7 7 100
0.1 8 8 100
0.2 7 6 X
0.3 9 6 67
0.4 10 4 40
0.5 9 2 22
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
X = ____________________ %
(1)
(b) Give one conclusion from the results in the table above.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(d) The student measured the real diameter of the field of view to be 0.375 mm.
Calculate the number of open stomata per mm2 of leaf for the epidermis placed in 0.4 mol /
dm3 salt solution.
Take π to be 3.14
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
When light intensity is high potassium ions are moved into the guard cells.
Describe how the movement of potassium ions into the guard cells causes the stoma to
open.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 10 marks)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
Figure 1
(c) Suggest one reason for the difference in the rate of water loss from the two plants in the
first 2.5 hours.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(d) Calculate the rate of water loss per hour in plant B from 2.5 hours to 3 hours.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(e) Suggest two reasons why the rate of water loss in both plants changed after 2.5 hours.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Water and carbon dioxide are exchanged between leaves and the atmosphere through pores
11. called stomata.
(a) Name the cells that control the opening and closing of the stomata.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) Describe two differences between the transpiration stream and translocation.
1 _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2 _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
✓) one box.
Tick (✓
(1)
The figure below shows information about the mean width of the stomata in a plant.
Explain how.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(e) The changes in the mean width of the stomata in low atmospheric carbon dioxide are
different from the changes in normal conditions.
Explain how the difference helps the plant to survive in low atmospheric carbon dioxide.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Explain why roots need to use the two different methods to absorb water and ions.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(4)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
The students:
• measured the mass of these leaves every 30 minutes for 180 minutes.
(i) The rate of mass loss in the first 30 minutes was 7 milligrams per gram of leaf per
minute.
Calculate the rate of mass loss between 30 minutes and 180 minutes.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Rate of mass loss = _______________ milligrams per gram of leaf per minute
(2)
(ii) The rate of mass loss between 0 and 30 minutes was very different from the rate of
mass loss between 30 and 180 minutes.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 11 marks)