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Some evidence in support of the construct validity was found. The current best-validated instrument
is the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), which exists both in adults and children
(Heymann, 2006). Overall, obsessive compulsive disorder is often underdiagnosed and undertreated,
which means it requires more attention on the part of specialists as well as patients' families. This
gradually habituates the apprehension and with time reduces the anxiety levels, with time the victims
will leave at ease without countering their thoughts with repetitive actions (compulsions). These
factors are: (I) impulses; (II) washing; (III) checking; (IV) rumination; and (V) precision. The
defensive mechanisms used in obsessive-compulsive behaviors are unconscious. The United States of
America food and drug administration have approved the treatment (Hyman 2010). The defensive
mechanisms used in obsessive-compulsive behaviors are unconscious. We’ll occasionally send you
promo and account related email. The report also indicated that the disorder affect people from all
races, ethnic groups, and sexes in almost equal measure. As with all personality disorders, the person
must be at least 18 years old before they can be diagnosed. History of Obsessive-Compulsive
Personality Condition: Back in the early 1900s, Freud observed and treated patients with OCPD. In
1918, Ernest Jones went on to describe someone affected with OCPD as being excessively
concerned with money, tidiness, and time. The four major complications for OCPD are: anxiety,
depression, difficulty moving forward in career situations and difficulties in relationships. New
York: Guilford Press.Hyman, B. (2010). The OCD Workbook: Your Guide to Breaking Free From
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Conclusion This mental disorder can easily be confused with a
person’s personality of being a perfectionist, keen to details, caring, loving or fearful but when
diagnosed and distinguished from personality traits, it can be managed and hence avoiding some
uncontrolled repeated actions. Allen The obsessive-compulsive spectrum is an important concept
referring to a number of disorders drawn from several diagnostic categories that share core
obsessive-compulsive features. When dealing with cases that do not respond well to treatment,
clomipramine has been used together with SSRI to produce good results (Clark 2004). Obsessive
compulsive disorder is caused by biological and psychological factors. Although this new category
promises to raise awareness of underrecognized and understudied problems, its empirical validity and
practical utility are questionable. Medication for the OCD includes SSRIs medicines such as
fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, and escitalopram and trcyclic antidepressants, particularly
clomipramine. They do this due in an attempt to alleviate the compulsive stressful thoughts. In
people suffering from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder or OCD, there are lower levels of serotonin;
low levels of serotonin may cause obsessions and compulsions (Giddens, 2009). The most obvious
symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder can be logically divided between compulsive behavior
and obsessive ideas and thoughts. The thoughts are intrusive resulting in to uneasiness, fear, worry
or apprehension and cause a person to act in ways aimed at reducing the anxiety. The Padua
Inventory-Revised (41-items) appears to measure the structure of obsessive compulsive symptoms:
The main types of behaviours and obsessions as seen clinically are assessed by this questionnaire,
apart from obsessional slowness. The child should be taught about what the nature of his thoughts
and actions are and how to cope with them (March 2007). This is 100% legal. You may not submit
downloaded papers as your own, that is cheating. Also you. OCD is a chronic disorder which is
associated with significant impairment in the functioning of the individual and leads to distress. Like
most personality disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder typically will decrease in
intensity with age, with many people experiencing few of the most extreme symptoms by the time
they are in the 40s or 50s.
This gradually habituates the apprehension and with time reduces the anxiety levels, with time the
victims will leave at ease without countering their thoughts with repetitive actions (compulsions).
The thoughts and actions are uncontrollable even when the individual is aware of them. The
defensive mechanisms used in obsessive-compulsive behaviors are unconscious. Four subscales
(washing, checking, rumination and precision) discriminated between panic disorder patients, social
phobics and normals on the one hand and obsessive compulsives on the other. Secondly, individuals
with OCD tend to feel over obsessed with certain things. The Padua Inventory-Revised (41-items)
appears to measure the structure of obsessive compulsive symptoms: The main types of behaviours
and obsessions as seen clinically are assessed by this questionnaire, apart from obsessional slowness.
For individuals suffering from the OCD, it is believed that their serotonin receptors are under
stimulated. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent obsessions and
compulsions that cause marked distress and significant functional impairment (Dell'Osso, 2007).
This article reviews the phenomenology of OCD and then presents a critical analysis of the
arguments underlying the new OCRD class. The four major complications for OCPD are: anxiety,
depression, difficulty moving forward in career situations and difficulties in relationships. The best
way they can be advised is to find like Marna the occupation, the cross stitching, that will play the
role of not only the one that reduces the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder symptoms but will be also
the work or business for the person. Biologically, the neurotransmitter serotonin abnormalities have
been linked to the OCD as serotonin is believed to have a role in controlling anxiety, as it has to
attach to the receptors of chemical messages sent from a neighboring Neuron. The most obvious
symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder can be logically divided between compulsive behavior
and obsessive ideas and thoughts. The performance of various task (compulsions) is aimed at easing
the victims from the obsession related worry, fear or apprehension. Like most personality disorders,
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder typically will decrease in intensity with age, with many
people experiencing few of the most extreme symptoms by the time they are in the 40s or 50s.
Upload Read for free FAQ and support Language (EN) Sign in Skip carousel Carousel Previous
Carousel Next What is Scribd. Conclusion This mental disorder can easily be confused with a
person’s personality of being a perfectionist, keen to details, caring, loving or fearful but when
diagnosed and distinguished from personality traits, it can be managed and hence avoiding some
uncontrolled repeated actions. OCD is a chronic disorder which is associated with significant
impairment in the functioning of the individual and leads to distress. Report this Document
Download now Save Save Obsessive Compulsive Disorder For Later 90% (10) 90% found this
document useful (10 votes) 11K views 7 pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Uploaded by api-
3797941 AI-enhanced description Most common obsessions are repetitive thoughts about
contamination, repeated doubts. A person with OCD experience remarkable anxiety associated to
specific fixations, which are viewed as threatening. The disorder is common among all ages and it is
transmitted both biologically and psychologically with environmental factors playing a big role in the
way it advances. Family members, pediatricians, teachers and school counselors play a major role in
identifying the disorder and referring to child and adolescent psychiatrist for appropriate treatment.
Overall, obsessive compulsive disorder is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, which means it
requires more attention on the part of specialists as well as patients' families. It is seen in 3 to 10
percent of psychiatric outpatients. Although this new category promises to raise awareness of
underrecognized and understudied problems, its empirical validity and practical utility are
questionable. Between 40-65 percent of childhood cases are linked to genetic inheritance. People
with this disorder may emotionally withdraw when they are not able to control a situation. This is
100% legal. You may not submit downloaded papers as your own, that is cheating. Also you. For
instance, an individual with OCD may end up double checking switches, locks and other electrical
appliances 20 times before feeling satisfied that everything is in order. In 1918, Ernest Jones went on
to describe someone affected with OCPD as being excessively concerned with money, tidiness, and
time.
As with all personality disorders, the person must be at least 18 years old before they can be
diagnosed. This perfectionism may interfere with the person’s ability to complete tasks, because their
standards are so rigid. For others, the disorder begins in adolescence or early adulthood. Obsessive-
Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is classified currently on its own, and it features an individual's
preoccupation with obsessive thoughts and the display of compulsive behaviors triggered by anxiety-
provoking stimuli. Such obsession may involve tension or a cognitive sense of mind. There is,
however, a great distinction between the two conditions. Report this Document Download now Save
Save Obsessive Compulsive Disorder For Later 90% (10) 90% found this document useful (10
votes) 11K views 7 pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Uploaded by api-3797941 AI-enhanced
description Most common obsessions are repetitive thoughts about contamination, repeated doubts.
This medication prevents pumping back of excess serotonin to the neuron that had released it and
instead binding it to the receptor cells of the neighboring neurons hence sending messages that can
cause the regulation of anxiety and intrusive thoughts. Allen The obsessive-compulsive spectrum is
an important concept referring to a number of disorders drawn from several diagnostic categories that
share core obsessive-compulsive features. In people suffering from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
or OCD, there are lower levels of serotonin; low levels of serotonin may cause obsessions and
compulsions (Giddens, 2009). This treatment has been used as the most efficient treatment for OCD.
The article closes with a discussion of the treatment implications of the OCRDs approach. These
include re-checking whether the door is properly locked, repeated washing of hands to make sure
they are clean, arranging and rearranging of things to make sure they are okay and lots of other
repeated actions just to make sure they are well kept or safe (Hyman 2010). People with this
disorder may emotionally withdraw when they are not able to control a situation. Obsessive-
Compulsive Character Condition tends to take place in families, so genes may be involved. Family
members, pediatricians, teachers and school counselors play a major role in identifying the disorder
and referring to child and adolescent psychiatrist for appropriate treatment. Keep on browsing if you
are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies. Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF
Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. This is 100% legal. You
may not submit downloaded papers as your own, that is cheating. Also you. Individuals with
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Condition effort to preserve a sense of control through
painstaking attention to rules, insignificant information, procedures, lists, schedules, or kind to the
degree that the significant point of the activity is lost (Requirement 1). The disorder is common
among all ages and it is transmitted both biologically and psychologically with environmental factors
playing a big role in the way it advances. The thoughts and actions are uncontrollable even when the
individual is aware of them. For cases that have been diagnosed at childhood, the link to gene
inheritance from their family is stronger than for cases where OCD developed during adulthood. The
Padua Inventory-Revised (41-items) appears to measure the structure of obsessive compulsive
symptoms: The main types of behaviours and obsessions as seen clinically are assessed by this
questionnaire, apart from obsessional slowness. Hospitalization is rarely needed for people with this
disorder, unless an extreme or severe stressor or stressful life event occurs which increases the
compulsive behaviors to an extent where regular daily activities are halted or present possible risks of
harm to the patient. The victims’ cingulated cortex in the brain is where the surgical operation takes
place. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few
seconds to upgrade your browser. The most obvious symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
can be logically divided between compulsive behavior and obsessive ideas and thoughts. Some
evidence in support of the construct validity was found. OCD is a chronic disorder which is
associated with significant impairment in the functioning of the individual and leads to distress.
The report also indicated that the disorder affect people from all races, ethnic groups, and sexes in
almost equal measure. It is seen in 3 to 10 percent of psychiatric outpatients. OCD victims can be
treated through medication and specified therapies. As with all personality disorders, the person
must be at least 18 years old before they can be diagnosed. Some evidence in support of the
construct validity was found. The disorder is common among all ages and it is transmitted both
biologically and psychologically with environmental factors playing a big role in the way it advances.
Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Condition effort to preserve a sense of control
through painstaking attention to rules, insignificant information, procedures, lists, schedules, or kind
to the degree that the significant point of the activity is lost (Requirement 1). The compulsive and
impulsive disorders differ in systematic ways that are just begi. According to the National Institute
for Mental Health report, the OCD disorder affects boys between the age of 6 and 15 years, while
girls, the disorder tends to manifest mostly between the age of 20 and 30 years. Obsessive
Compulsive disorder has a variety of symptoms like contamination symptoms, symptoms related to
performing tasks and intrusive fears and thoughts. The researchers also discovered that the disorder
affects male at an early age than female. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.
The United States of America food and drug administration have approved the treatment (Hyman
2010). The child should be taught about what the nature of his thoughts and actions are and how to
cope with them (March 2007). Task done as described and better, responded to all my questions
promptly too! ”. New York: Guilford Press.Hyman, B. (2010). The OCD Workbook: Your Guide to
Breaking Free From Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. These factors are: (I) impulses; (II) washing;
(III) checking; (IV) rumination; and (V) precision. Family members, pediatricians, teachers and
school counselors play a major role in identifying the disorder and referring to child and adolescent
psychiatrist for appropriate treatment. Conclusion This mental disorder can easily be confused with a
person’s personality of being a perfectionist, keen to details, caring, loving or fearful but when
diagnosed and distinguished from personality traits, it can be managed and hence avoiding some
uncontrolled repeated actions. We use cookies to create the best experience for you. This
perfectionism may interfere with the person’s ability to complete tasks, because their standards are so
rigid. The four major complications for OCPD are: anxiety, depression, difficulty moving forward in
career situations and difficulties in relationships. This is 100% legal. You may not submit
downloaded papers as your own, that is cheating. Also you. Hospitalization is rarely needed for
people with this disorder, unless an extreme or severe stressor or stressful life event occurs which
increases the compulsive behaviors to an extent where regular daily activities are halted or present
possible risks of harm to the patient. This treatment has been used as the most efficient treatment for
OCD. These include re-checking whether the door is properly locked, repeated washing of hands to
make sure they are clean, arranging and rearranging of things to make sure they are okay and lots of
other repeated actions just to make sure they are well kept or safe (Hyman 2010). This pattern starts
by early the adult years and is present in a variety of contexts. This can interfere with their ability to
solve problems and form close relationships. In 1918, Ernest Jones went on to describe someone
affected with OCPD as being excessively concerned with money, tidiness, and time. In people
suffering from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder or OCD, there are lower levels of serotonin; low
levels of serotonin may cause obsessions and compulsions (Giddens, 2009).
This makes them appear restless and pre-occupied by unreasonable thoughts. For others, the disorder
begins in adolescence or early adulthood. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how
to manage cookies. The child should be taught about what the nature of his thoughts and actions are
and how to cope with them (March 2007). This includes Psychosurgery, which is done as the last
option. This gradually habituates the apprehension and with time reduces the anxiety levels, with
time the victims will leave at ease without countering their thoughts with repetitive actions
(compulsions). The victims’ cingulated cortex in the brain is where the surgical operation takes place.
The performance of various task (compulsions) is aimed at easing the victims from the obsession
related worry, fear or apprehension. People with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder can even feel that
some catastrophe can happen if they fail to perform their daily rituals (Jenkie, 2004). For cases that
have been diagnosed at childhood, the link to gene inheritance from their family is stronger than for
cases where OCD developed during adulthood. As with all personality disorders, the person must be
at least 18 years old before they can be diagnosed. Allen The obsessive-compulsive spectrum is an
important concept referring to a number of disorders drawn from several diagnostic categories that
share core obsessive-compulsive features. Obsessive-Compulsive Character Condition tends to take
place in families, so genes may be involved. Therapeutic treatment is the most efficient for children
and adolescent. In some cases, medications combined with talk therapy may be the more effective
than either treatment alone. Environmental factors can help either alleviate or reduce the intensity of
the disorder (March 2007). These factors are: (I) impulses; (II) washing; (III) checking; (IV)
rumination; and (V) precision. What is currently known about Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is that
it is basically consisting of two functions: there is an obsession (or obsessions), and a compulsion (or
compulsions). The disorder is common among all ages and it is transmitted both biologically and
psychologically with environmental factors playing a big role in the way it advances. In combination
with the knowledge gained through many years of research on obsessive-compulsive disorder
(OCD), the concept of a spectrum has generated much fruitful research on the spectrum disorders.
OCD is one of the common mental disorders with about two percent of the United States of America
adults suffering from the disorder. This is 100% legal. You may not submit downloaded papers as
your own, that is cheating. Also you. Additional materials, such as the best quotations, synonyms and
word definitions to make your writing easier are also offered here. Individuals with OCD tend to be
extra cautious in whatever they do for fear of harming themselves or others around them. Although
the disorders are clearly distinct from one another, they have intriguing similarities in
phenomenology, etiology, pathophysiology, patient characteristics, and treatment response. This
medication prevents pumping back of excess serotonin to the neuron that had released it and instead
binding it to the receptor cells of the neighboring neurons hence sending messages that can cause the
regulation of anxiety and intrusive thoughts. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized
by recurrent obsessions and compulsions that cause marked distress and significant functional
impairment (Dell'Osso, 2007). Within the condition OCPD it is one's dysfunctional approach which
produces stress and anxiety, suffering and disappointment (Phillipson). Between 40-65 percent of
childhood cases are linked to genetic inheritance. By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to
our terms of service and privacy policy.
OCD is a chronic disorder which is associated with significant impairment in the functioning of the
individual and leads to distress. This article reviews the phenomenology of OCD and then presents a
critical analysis of the arguments underlying the new OCRD class. Individuals with OCD tend to
show certain behaviors that a rational person considers abnormal. Obsessive-Compulsive Character
Condition tends to take place in families, so genes may be involved. Although this new category
promises to raise awareness of underrecognized and understudied problems, its empirical validity and
practical utility are questionable. People with this disorder may emotionally withdraw when they are
not able to control a situation. Within the condition OCPD it is one's dysfunctional approach which
produces stress and anxiety, suffering and disappointment (Phillipson). When dealing with cases that
do not respond well to treatment, clomipramine has been used together with SSRI to produce good
results (Clark 2004). People with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder can even feel that some
catastrophe can happen if they fail to perform their daily rituals (Jenkie, 2004). Overall, obsessive
compulsive disorder is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, which means it requires more
attention on the part of specialists as well as patients' families. Let us write or edit the research paper
on your topic. New York: Guilford Press.Hyman, B. (2010). The OCD Workbook: Your Guide to
Breaking Free From Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Family members, pediatricians, teachers and
school counselors play a major role in identifying the disorder and referring to child and adolescent
psychiatrist for appropriate treatment. OCD can be managed though behavioral therapy using a
technique called “ exposure and ritual prevention” that involves learning to live with the associated
anxiety without performing the associated behavior for example, where a person is encouraged not
to counter check whether he or she had locked the house properly when the obsessive thought strikes
him on leaving the house. Forty-one items were selected as measure of these factors. By continuing,
you agree to our Terms and Conditions. Because of over obsession, people suffering from OCD
normally appear fearful and concerned about everything that happens around them. In combination
with the knowledge gained through many years of research on obsessive-compulsive disorder
(OCD), the concept of a spectrum has generated much fruitful research on the spectrum disorders. It
has also been observed that the victims use Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) as
medication allowing them to make more serotonin for the nerve cells. Individuals with OCD tend to
be extra cautious in whatever they do for fear of harming themselves or others around them. The
reliability for the five subscales, assessing each of the five factors, was found to be satisfactory to
excellent. Report this Document Download now Save Save Obsessive Compulsive Disorder For
Later 90% (10) 90% found this document useful (10 votes) 11K views 7 pages Obsessive
Compulsive Disorder Uploaded by api-3797941 AI-enhanced description Most common obsessions
are repetitive thoughts about contamination, repeated doubts. Task done as described and better,
responded to all my questions promptly too! ”. This makes them appear restless and pre-occupied by
unreasonable thoughts. The most obvious symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder can be
logically divided between compulsive behavior and obsessive ideas and thoughts. In people suffering
from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder or OCD, there are lower levels of serotonin; low levels of
serotonin may cause obsessions and compulsions (Giddens, 2009). Such obsession may involve
tension or a cognitive sense of mind. This analysis leads to a rejection of the OCRD classification on
both scientific and logical grounds. Additional materials, such as the best quotations, synonyms and
word definitions to make your writing easier are also offered here. In some cases, medications
combined with talk therapy may be the more effective than either treatment alone.
OCD is a chronic disorder which is associated with significant impairment in the functioning of the
individual and leads to distress. Task done as described and better, responded to all my questions
promptly too! ”. Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Parents and family members role in controlling and observing
the actions and behaviors of children is vital. It has also been observed that the victims use Selective
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) as medication allowing them to make more serotonin for the
nerve cells. In some cases, medications combined with talk therapy may be the more effective than
either treatment alone. Individuals with OCD tend to be extra cautious in whatever they do for fear
of harming themselves or others around them. The Impulses subscale discriminated between
obsessive-compulsives on the one hand and normals on the other, but not between obsessive-
compulsives and social phobics or panic patients. For others, the disorder begins in adolescence or
early adulthood. Family members, pediatricians, teachers and school counselors play a major role in
identifying the disorder and referring to child and adolescent psychiatrist for appropriate treatment.
The disorder is common among all ages and it is transmitted both biologically and psychologically
with environmental factors playing a big role in the way it advances. Affecting an estimated between
1 and 4 % of youth, it is considered a fairly common disorder in children and adolescents. Allen The
obsessive-compulsive spectrum is an important concept referring to a number of disorders drawn
from several diagnostic categories that share core obsessive-compulsive features. People with this
disorder may emotionally withdraw when they are not able to control a situation. Let us write or edit
the research paper on your topic. The compulsive and impulsive disorders differ in systematic ways
that are just begi. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is classified currently on its own, and it
features an individual's preoccupation with obsessive thoughts and the display of compulsive
behaviors triggered by anxiety-provoking stimuli. This can interfere with their ability to solve
problems and form close relationships. This medication prevents pumping back of excess serotonin
to the neuron that had released it and instead binding it to the receptor cells of the neighboring
neurons hence sending messages that can cause the regulation of anxiety and intrusive thoughts. The
most obvious symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder can be logically divided between
compulsive behavior and obsessive ideas and thoughts. The most common symptom of the disorder,
according to National Alliance of Mental Illness (2012), is that, individuals suffering from OCD tend
to double-check things excessively and repeatedly. The performance of various task (compulsions) is
aimed at easing the victims from the obsession related worry, fear or apprehension. For cases that
have been diagnosed at childhood, the link to gene inheritance from their family is stronger than for
cases where OCD developed during adulthood. When dealing with cases that do not respond well to
treatment, clomipramine has been used together with SSRI to produce good results (Clark 2004).
This treatment has been used as the most efficient treatment for OCD. They do this due in an attempt
to alleviate the compulsive stressful thoughts. For instance, an individual with OCD may end up
double checking switches, locks and other electrical appliances 20 times before feeling satisfied that
everything is in order. The Padua Inventory-Revised (41-items) appears to measure the structure of
obsessive compulsive symptoms: The main types of behaviours and obsessions as seen clinically are
assessed by this questionnaire, apart from obsessional slowness. In 1918, Ernest Jones went on to
describe someone affected with OCPD as being excessively concerned with money, tidiness, and
time. OCD can be managed though behavioral therapy using a technique called “ exposure and ritual
prevention” that involves learning to live with the associated anxiety without performing the
associated behavior for example, where a person is encouraged not to counter check whether he or
she had locked the house properly when the obsessive thought strikes him on leaving the house.