4348-Texto Del Artículo-16572-1-10-20190722

You might also like

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 23

7PVAFL3*=EV

:
4 ?M? M?O? ?@LE?BLP CK PR SG?HC r
5>
O,
?I GK QCOGL O BCI ACOC@OL" 3+
5>
BCPCAFM
W CAMLMKG?
AMLBSARS?J

Ą Ć DÃ B ÇǺ ÁÂ Ǽ Ą Ç ČN

@^`efiibo bk Bbob`el mlo i^ Nlkqfcf`f^ Skfsbopfa^a A^qÇif`^ abi NboÉ,


Nolcbplo ab ?k}ifpfp Npf`liÇdf`l abi Bbob`el ab i^ Skfsbopfa^a abi N^`Äcf`l,

DĐB ÇÅĆM
ÅN ÅIİĪÍĔĮĒĒĞÎIN
ÅÅN ǼÊ ĨĖĪĒĖĨĒĞÎIM ËĮĬĒĚIĔÍĤĖ ĒĞIĒÍ ĨÊİÊĬ ÊĤ GÊİÍ ŅÍ ÊĤ ĖĤĖFÊIİĖŊN
ŌN ǼÊ ĨĖĪĒĖĨĒĞÎI K ĤÍĬ İĖĬİĞGÍĬN
ŎN ČĖĪĒĖĨĒĞÎI K JÊĤÍĪÊĒĞÎI ĔĖ ĨĪĮĖËÊĬN
ŐN ČĖĪĒĖĨĒĞÎI K ĨĖĪĬĮÊĬĞÎIN
ÅÅÅN ǼÊ ĦĖĦÍĪĞÊ ĜĮĦÊIÊM ĖĬĒĪĞËĞĖIĔÍ K ĪĖŇĖĬĒĪĞËĞĖIĔÍ ĖĤ ĪĖGĞĬİĪÍN
ŌN ĎĪÊIĬFĖĪĖIĒĞÊ ĞIĒÍIĬĒĞĖIİĖN
ŎN ÅĦĨÊĒİÍ ĔĖ ĤÊĬ ĒĪĖĖIĒĞÊĬ ĨĖĪĬÍIÊĤĖĬ ĖI ĤÊ ĦĖĦÍĪĞÊN
ŐN ÅĦĨĤÊIİÊĒĞÎI ĔĖ ĪĖĒĮĖĪĔÍĬN
ÅÐN İÊHÍĬ ĦĖIİÊĤĖĬ K ĒÍĪİÍĒĞĪĒĮĞİÍĬM ĜĖĮĪĠĬİĞĒÊĬ K ĬĖĬGÍĬ ĒÍGIĞİĞJÍĬN
ŌN ÁĖFÊĮĤİN
ŎN DĖĬGÍ ĔĖ ĔĞĬĨÍIĞËĞĤĞĔÊĔN :
\\
ŐN DĖĬGÍ ĔĖ ĒÍIİĪÊĬİĖN JS

ØN DĖĬGÍ ĔĖ ĪĖİĪÍĬĨĖĒİĞJÊN
H
ǾN IĒĤÊHĖN w
M
ÐN ÁĖĒĞĬĞÍIĖĬ FĪĠÊĬ K ĒÊĤĞĖIİĖĬM ĤÊ ĞIFĤĮĖIĒĞÊ ĔĖ ĤÊĬ ĖĦÍĒĞÍIĖĬN
ŌN ÅIFĤĮĖIĒĞÊ ĖI ĤÊ ĨĪÍFĮIĔĞĔÊĔ ĔĖ ĨĪÍĒĖĬÊĦĞĖIİÍ ĔĖ ĞIFÍĪĦÊĒĞÎIN <
:
ŎN ÅIFĤĮĖIĒĞÊ ĖI ĨĖĪĒĖĨĒĞÎI K ÊĒİĞİĮĔN w

ŐN ÅIFĤĮĖIĒĞÊ ĖI ĦĖĦÍĪĞÊN
ÐÅN ÁĖ JĮĖĤİÊ Ê ĤÊ ĒÊJĖĪIÊM ĤÊ ĞIFĤĮĖIĒĞÊ ĔĖ ĤÍĬ FÊĒİÍĪĖĬ ËĞÍĤÎGĞĒÍĬN
ŌN ÂĤ ĜÊĦËĪĖ K ĤÍĬ HĮĖĒĖĬN
ŎN ÂĴĒĞİÊĒĞÎI ĬĖĴĮÊĤ K ĔĖĒĞĬĞÍIĖĬ ĔĖ ĪĞĖĬGÍN
d
Ŧ
( Cpqb ^oqÄ`ril kl e^_oÄ^ pfal mlpf_ib pfk i^ fksbpqfd^`fÇk v ^vra^ ab Blo^ Cp`rabol* Qll Wlk Jbb* K^krbi Dboobvolp* $O
?k^ Jr`Ä^ Dfdrbol^ v Jr`Ä^ T^ofii^p,

Npv`elJ?Udv K^m^ m^o^ ^_ld^alp bk pr sf^gb ^i fkqboflo abi `bob_ol 01


K>LNF>G
Ci?k}ifpfpNpf`liÇdf`labiBbob`elpbbk`^od^abbumilo^oi^pj^kfcbpq^`flkbp`ldkfqfs^pv_fliÇdf`^pbki^pab`fpflkbpv^`qr^`flkbp
ibd^ibp,?pÄ*bpq^o^j^pbbk`^od^mofk`fm^ijbkqbabbumif`^o`Çjli^mbo`bm`fÇk*jbjlof^*bjl`flkbp*^q^glpjbkq^ibpvc^`qlobp_fliÇdf`lp
fkcirvbkbkbi`ljmloq^jfbkqlabgrb`bp*}o_fqolp*qbpqfdlp*^_ld^alp*ibdfpi^alobp*`fra^a^klpvabj}p^dbkqbpabijbo`^alibd^i,Cimobpbk+
qb^oqÄ`rilbprk^fkqolar``fÇk^ibpqraflab?k}ifpfpNpf`liÇdf`labiBbob`el,W`ljlobpriq^jrvafcÄ`fisf^g^opfkrk^drÄ^*bil_gbqfsl`bkqo^i
bp_ofka^o^iib`qlorkj^m^bkprbumilo^`fÇk^ifkqbofloabi`bob_ol,
ČËÌËĔĮËIJ ĖÌËLFÔ ĄÏIJG BËĮHË ĘF ÌË ĄËĮËÓ ÂĖÏÎÏÍHË ÀÏÎĘĴĖJĴËÌÓ ÎĒÌĢIJĢIJ ČIJĢĖÏÌĪĞĢĖÏ ĘFÌ ÁFĮFĖĠÏÓ ĘFĖĢIJĢÏÎFIJÓ ĜËĖJÏĮFIJ ĖÏĞÎĢJĢLÏIJÓ ĜËĖJÏĮFIJ
ĔĢÏÌĪĞĢĖÏIJÕ

:;LMK:<M
RebNpv`elildf`^i?k^ivpfplcqebJ^tfpobpmlkpf_ibclobumilofkdqeb`ldkfqfsb^ka_flildf`^ij^kfcbpq^qflkpfkab`fpflkp^kaibd^i
^`qflkp,Rerp*qefp_o^k`efpobpmlkpf_ibcloj^fkivbumi^fkeltmbo`bmqflk*jbjlov*bjlqflkp*jbkq^ipeloq`rqp^ka_flildf`^ic^`qloptloh
fkqeb_be^sflolcgradbp*^o_fqo^qlop*tfqkbppbp*i^tvbop*ibdfpi^qlop*`fqfwbkp^kalqebo^dbkqplcqebibd^ij^ohbq,Rebmobpbkq^oqf`ibfp^k
fkqolar`qflkqlqebNpv`elildf`^i?k^ivpfplcqebJ^t,?ka*^pfqfpsbovafccf`riqqlqo^sbitfqelrq^drfab*qebj^fkl_gb`qfsbfpqlmolsfabqeb
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B b ob `e l  ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

ob^aboptfqe^j^mfkqebfobumilo^qflkqlqebfkqboflolcqeb_o^fk,
Ibstloap8Hlp~K^oÄ^abi^H^o^9@be^sflo^iC`lkljf`p9Npv`elildf`^i?k^ivpfplcJ^t9ab`fpflkp9`ldkfqfsbc^`qlop9_flildf`^ic^`qlop,

B) BGMKH=N<<BÇG nrbbpq}^pl`f^a^^rk^k}ifpfpj}p`oÄqf`lvabif+
_bo^qfsl0,Ciilbumif`^oÄ^mlonr~prmbo`bm`fÇk
Llo_boq Q`et^ow v Ebo^ia Ailob ii^j^olk mlo crbj}pmbpfjfpq^nrbilpabj}p,
qbi~clkl^71 bpqraf^kqbp ab i^ Skfsbopfa^a ab
Giifklfpvibp mfafbolk nrb`^ifcfnrbk +b k  rk bp+ Ck lqol bumbofjbkql* Pf`e^oa Plk^vvUfiif^j
`^i^abi / ^i /.*alkab /.bo^ ilj}pp^qfpcb`el Tlk Ffmmbi ib lcob`fbolk SQ" 0. ^ 74 ldZm^kl
mlpf_ib + nr~ q^k p^qfpcb`elp l fkp^qfpcb`elp gÇsbkbp m^o^ nrb ob^ifw^o^k alp qor`lp &rkl
bpq^_^k `lk pr sfa^, J^ jfq^a ab i^p ii^j^a^p pfjmibvlqolafcÄ`fi',?i`ljfbkwl*bibpqraflcrb
pbob^ifwÇaro^kqbrkaÄ^plib^alvi^lqo^jfq^a cfij^almlork`^j^oÇdo^clelj_ob,Qfkbj_^o+
`r^kaliilsÄ^, dl* ^ jfq^a abi bpqrafl* rk^ `ef`^ prj^jbkqb
^qo^`qfs^ efwl^`qlab mobpbk`f^,?icfk^i ab ilp
Jlpm^oqf`fm^kqbpsbo^kfbdlp`^ifcf`^olki^p^qfp+ qor`lp*ilpbkqrpf^pj^alpgÇsbkbpalk^olkrk^
c^``fÇk `lk pr sfa^ `lk rk mrkq^gb moljbafl jrbpqo^abp^ifs^^ ilpfksbpqfd^alobp,
ab4,539 jfbkqo^p nrb ilpnrbcrbolk ii^j^alp
`r^kaliilsÄ^*`lkplil2,64/, J^cfij^`fÇk jlpqoÇnrbilpgÇsbkbp ob^ifw^olk
qor`lp j}p ^dobpfslp`r^kal i^ `ef`^ ^qo^`qfs^
Ck^qbk`fÇk^biil*ilp^rqlobp`lk`irvbolknrb crb qbpqfdl, Cp j}p* bi bu^jbk ab i^_lo^qlofl
bi `ifj^ crb mol`bp^al mlo ilp m^oqf`fm^kqbp obcibgÇnrbnrfbkbpqrsfbolkkfsbibpabqbpqlpqb+
`ljl fkcloj^`fÇk obibs^kqb m^o^ i^ ab`fpfÇk, olk^j}p^iqlpcrbolknrfbkbpbgb`rq^olkqor`lp
?pÄ*nrfbkbp obpmlkafbolk i^ mobdrkq^ `r^kal j}p ofbpdlplp &v nrfbkbpqboj fk^olk `lk j}p
iilsÄ^*qbkafbolk^pbkqfopbj}pqofpqbp*bjl`fÇk jlobqlkbp'1,
;>PI = ;NO M /1/

/, QAFU?PX* Llo_boqvEbo^ia AJMPC, Ghh](!fblZmmkb[nmbhg!Zg]!cn]`f^gml!h _!p^ee)[^bg`6!bg_hkfZmbo^!Zg]!]bk^\mbo^


_ng\mbhgl!h_Z__^\mbo^!MmZm^l *Ck8Hlrok^il cNboplk^iÄqv^kaQl`f^iNpv`elildv,Tli,23,Lrj,1,mm,3/1+301,

0, DMPE?Q*Hlpbme, Ghh]!Zg]cn]`f^gm6!ma^!Z__^\m!bg_nlbzg!fh]^e!%;CG& *Ck8Npv`elildf`^i@riibqfk,Tli,//5,mm,17+


44 ,

1, ICLPGAI*Blrdi^pvTf^a^pEPGQICTGAGSQ,Na^!LZmbhgZe!;gbfZe6!Bhp!?ohenmbhg!GZ]^!Ol!MfZkm^kNaZg!Q^Nabgd*Lbt
Wloh8@^pf`@llhp,0./1,

02 H l p ~  K ^ o Ä ^  ab i ^ H ^ o ^  N,
Jlp bpqraflp `lj bkq^alp pb bpqobii^k col k +
êI,
q^ ij b k qb  `lk i^ sfpfÇk `i}pf`^ abi elj _ob :
o^`flk^i, Alk rk^ mbo`bm`fÇk ^ i^ nrb kl pb r
ib bp`^m^ k^a^* jbjlof^ q^k `lkcf^_ib `ljl 5>
O,
rk afp`larol* mol`bp^jfbkqlab fkcloj^`fÇk i-T
iii
abif_bo^qfsl*ab`fpflkbp`^i`ri^a^pabg^kalab BCPCAFM
WCAMLMKò?
i^ali^`^ibkqro^abi^pbjl`flkbpvcrk`flk^+ AMLBSARS?J
j fbkqlmboj^kbkqb^iqlmbabi^`^m^`fa^a*i^
o^`flk^ifa^a kloj^qfs^ pb ^pbjbg^ j}p ^ rk
ol_lqnrb^ rkpboerj ^klab`^okbverbpl2,

Nbpb ^ nrb bi Bbob`el bp i^ obdri^`fÇk ab i^ nrbsbÄ^`fk`lm^q^p*^idrklpnrb`r^qol*lqolp
sfa^ v obi^`flkbp abi pbo erj^kl* ~pqb bufdb ml`lpnrbpbfpvrk m^oababpmfpq^alpgro^olk
cob`rbkqbj bkqb rk^ `lkar`q^ pl_oberj^k^, nrb bk ob^ifa^a e^_Ä^ l`el m^q^p, L^afb pb
Nlobgbjmil* prmlkb nrb ilpgrb`bp v}o_fqolp jlpqoÇjrvpbdrolabpr obpmrbpq^,
mrbabkqlj ^oab`fpflkbpfdklo^kalprpbj l+
`flkbp* nrb ilp qbpqfdlp mrbabk mbo`f_fov ob+ Qf mobpq^j lp ^ qb k ` fÇ k * k lq^ ob j l p nrb bi
`loa^ocfbij bkqb ilp eb`elpnrbmobpbk`f^olk ^oqfpq^ plil a f_ r gÇ  rk^ m^q^ `lj mibq^ &bk bi
vnrbilp`lkprjfalobpklrqfifw^k^q^glpj bk+ buqobj l abob`el' v lqo^p pfbqb fk`ljmibq^p,
q^ibpkfplkfjm^`q^alpmloc^`qlobp_fliÇdf`lp, Cpqldbkbo^ rk `lkcif`qlbkqob ilnrbprplglp
mbo`f_bk &jr`e^pm^q^pfk`ljmibq^p'vilnrb
Nlopri^al*bi?k}ifpfpNpf`liÇdf`labi Bbob`el pr `bob_ol `lkl`b &nrb ilp bibc^kqbp qfbkbk
pbbk`^od^abbumilo^oaf`e^pj^kfcbpq^`flkbp `r^qol m^q^p', W bp mlo bpl nrb i^ mobdrkq^
`ldkfqfs^p v _fliÇdf`^p bk i^p ab`fpflkbp v dbkbo^q^kq^para^p,
^`qr^`flkbp ibd^ibp,?pÄ*bpq^ o^j^ pbbk`^od^
mofk`fm^ij bkqb ab bumif`^o `Çjl i^ mbo`bm+ Ci obql^kqboflobpq}sfk`ri^al ^ i^ mbo`bm`fÇk8
`fÇk* jbjlof^* bjl`flkbp* ^q^glp jbkq^ibp v bpql bp* bi mol`bpl ^ qo^s~p abi `r^i bi `bob_ol
c^`qlobp _fliÇdf`lp fkcirvbk bk bi `l j mloq^+ ob`f_bfkcloj^`fÇkabilppbkqfalp&sfpfÇk*lÄal*
j fbkqlabgrb`bp*}o_fqolp*qbpqfdlp*^_ld^alp* lic^ql*q^`ql'vi^ fkqbomobq^,
ibdfpi^alobp*`fra^a^klpvabj}p^dbkqbpabi
jbo`^al ibd^i, Ckbijlabilabo^`flk^ifa^a`i}pf`^*i^mbo`bm+
`fÇk bp mbocb`q^,Aljl rk^ j}nrfk^*biprgbql
Cpqb^oqÄ`ril bp rk^ fkqolar``fÇk ^i bpqraflab ob`f_bvmol`bp^qla^i^fkcloj^`fÇknrbbpq}^
?k}ifpfpNpf`liÇdf`labiBbob`el,W`ljlobpriq^ pr^i`^k`b,Llpbibm^p^k^a^,
jrvafcÄ`fisf^g^opfkrk^drÄ^*bil_gbqfsl`bkqo^i
:
bp _ofka^o^iib`qlork j^m^bk pr bumilo^`fÇk Ck ob^ifa^a* i^ mbo`bm`fÇk erj^k^ qfbkb do^k+ ``
^i fkqbofloabi `bob_ol, abpifjfq^`flkbpnrbmrbabkdbkbo^oafpqlopfl+ 0
>G

kbpbkbimol`bp^jfbkqlabfkcloj^`fÇkvbool+ JM
BB) E:I>K<>I<BÇG5;NL<ÄG=HE><BG<H obpbk krbpqo^pab`fpflkbp,Nlobgbjmil*pfbpq} M
JM
I:M:L:E@:MH#H:E>E>?:GM>$ bk rk^ obrkfÇk iibk^ ab dbkqb* pbo} fjmlpf_ib <
nrbmobpqb^qbk`fÇk^qla^pi^p`lksbop^`flkbp :
åAr}kq^pm^q^pqfbkbbi bibc^kqbabi^ fj^dbk= nrb pb abp^oolii^k ^ pr ^iobabalo, ?rknrb i^p 1
lka^pabplkfaliibdrbk^prplobg^p*klmol`b+
Ff`b bpq^ mobdrkq^ bk bi qo^_^glvl_qrsb obp+ p^o}`lkp`fbkqbjbkqb`^a^rklabilpjbkp^gbp
mrbpq^p jrv afpqfkq^p, J^ do^k j^vloÄ^ fkaf`Ç &bpmb`f^ijbkqbpfi^^jfd^ob`f~k`ljmoljbqfa^

Ü
&
2, Cpq^ sfpfÇk ab i^ o^`flk^ifa^a kl bp kf mobqbkabopbo`ljmibq^, N^o^ `lkpqorfo jlabilp ab `ljmloq^jfbkql* i^
$O
jf`olb`lkljÄ^e^abg^alabi^als^of^_ibpafcÄ`fibpabjbafove^abibd^alprbpqrafl^lqo^pafp`fmifk^p,

>[`LQW;0EP` <JXJ XJZJ JKWPJMW[ NV [] ^RJSN JT RV\NZRWZ MNT LNZNKZW 03


bpq} `lkq^kal mlo bk~pfj^ sbw `Çjl crb pr FIJ İĴFÒ IJĴ ĜĴFÎJFÒ ÌË ĖÏÍ ĢĘËÒ FĮË ĴÎ ĔĢFÎ FIJĖËIJÏ
`ljmoljfpl'3, vmlobinrbe^_Ä^nrbir`e^o`lkqo^lqolpmob+
qbkafbkqbp, Cp^ `lkar`q^ mboj fqfÇ ^ krbpqolp
Aljmor~_bil mlo pÄ jfpjl, Qfk obsfp^o pr `b+ ^kqbm^p^alpmobm^o^opbjbglom^o^^a^mq^opb
iri^o* åob`rboa^ nr~ f`lkl ^m^ob`b bk i^ m^oqb ^i^p`fo`rkpq^k`f^pofbpdlp^pabijrkalabi^p
fkcbofloabob`e^abi^m^kq^ii^ mofk`fm^i=Tb^pr `^sbok^p,
`biri^ovsbofcfnrbpfbpq^_^bk il`loob`ql,
Jl ^kqboflo bumif`^ bk m^oqb mlo nr~ fk`roof+
?elo^ abgbbi`biri^obkpr pfqfl, Ll il jfob,Ll jlp bk boolobp ab mbo`bm`fÇk bk bi aÄ^ ^ aÄ^9
e^d^ qo^jm^, åNrbabob`loa^o`r}i bo^ i^ elo^ vbpnrb* i^ bpqor`qro^ `ldkfqfs^ abi `bob_olpb
bu^`q^nrb^m^ob`Ä^bk i^ m^kq^ii^= e^ jliab^al aro^kqb jfiilkbp ab ^Ålp m^o^
molj lsbo bi fk`obj bkql ab mlpf_fifa^abp ab
Qf pr obpmrbpq^ bp nrb kl* _fbksbkfal ^ i^ bp+ ^a^mq^opb^krbs^p`fo`rkpq^k`f^p&o^`flk^ifa^a
mb`fb erj^k^* mi^d^a^ ab ifjfq^`flkbp,Rlalp molcrka^'*il`r^ifjmif`^*kb`bp^of^jbkqb*abg^o
ilp`biri^obpjrbpqo^k i^elo^,Cp^ fkcloj^`fÇk m^p^o ^prkqlp nrb ^ mofjbo^ sfpq^ kl m^ob`bk
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^ `riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

fkdobpÇ^qo^s~pabprplglpvcrbbksf^a^^i`bob+ fjmloq^kqbp &`ljl i^p m^q^p abi bibc^kqb l i^


_ol,Qfkbj_^odl*rpqbabpq^_^mobpq^kal^qbk+ elo^bk pr`biri^o',
`fÇk ^i f`lkl ab i^ abob`e^ &v kl ^i obilg', Cpql
pb`lkl`b`ljl`bdrbo^ mloc^iq^ab^qbk`fÇk, Cpq^p ifjfq^`flkbp mbo`bmqfs^pq^j _f~k fj mlo+
q^k^iBbob`el,?pÄ*mlobgbjmil*mrbab^vra^o
J^ ^qbk`fÇk bp rkl ab ilp mofk`fm^ibp iÄjfqbp ^ bkqbkabo nr~ bp`r`eÇ bigro^al* nr~ sfl bi
ab krbpqo^ `^m^`fa^a ab mbo`bm`fÇk9vbpnrb* `lkprj falo ^kqbp ab ab`fafo pf `ljmo^_^ rk
qbkbjlprk mobprmrbpqlabbkbodÄ^ ifj fq^alv molar`qllnr~lifÇbiqo^_^g^alo^kqbpabnrb
krbpqol`bob_olab_bb`lkljfw^ov^pfdk^oil^ i^mi^kq^bumilq^o^,?`lkqfkr^`fÇk`bkqo^objlp
i^pq^ob^pob^ijbkqbfjmloq^kqbp, krbpqo^^qbk`fÇkbkqobp`^plp,

Ck bi ob`fbkqbbgbjmil*pr `bob_olab`fafÇnrb ,) EVeZgXZeX^vcnadhiZhi^\dh)


kl kb`bpfq^_^ mol`bp^o i^ elo^ nrb ^m^ob`Ä^
bk bi `biri^o, Bbpmr~pabqlal* plil pb ibe^_Ä^ Ibkkbqe Alkibv bo^ mlif`Ä^ bk i^ `fra^a ab
mobdrkq^al mlo bi f`lkl bk i^ m^oqb fkcboflo @lpqlk, Ci 03 ab bkbol ab /774* ^ i^p 08.. ^j*
abob`e^, Dl`^ifwÇ i^ ^qbk`fÇk bk obpmlkabo il AlkibvmbopbdrÄ^^i plpmb`elplabrkqfolqbl,
nrbpbibe^_Ä^mobdrkq^alvklbkqlalilnrb
bpq^_^afpmlkf_ibbkpr`^jmlsfpr^i, Abo`^ ab i^ mbopb`r`fÇk* lqolp mlif`Ä^p e^_Ä^k
bk`lkqo^al ^ lqol elj_ob* il `^mqro^olk v il
?elo^*pf_fbki^^qbk`fÇk`lkpqfqrvbrk^ifj fq^+ ^dobafbolk _orq^ijbkqb, Jehmmpblm6 bi elj_ob
`fÇkabi^mbo`bm`fÇk*biilklpfdkfcf`^nrb~pq^ sfl ib k q^ a l  bo^ bk ob^ifa^a Kf`e^bi Alu* rk
pb^ foo^`flk^i, Qlil mfbkpbnr~`^kp^albpq^oÄ^ ^dbkqb ab mlif`Ä^ bk`r_fboql nrb ^abj}p kl
pfe^_oÄ^mol`bp^al`^a^o^pm^aro^*`^a^erbii^ e^_Ä^bpq^alfjmif`^albkbiqfolqbl,Alu^`^_Ç
v`^a^abq^iibabpr`biri^o,Wqlalbiilplilm^o^ bk bielpmfq^i `lk ibpflkbpdo^sbpqo^p i^ m^ifw^
obpmlkabo`r}i bo^bi f`lklnrbpbbk`lkqo^_^ nrbob`f_fÇabprpprmrbpqlp`libd^pvabj^k+
bk i^ m^oqb fkcboflo, Ckqlk`bp* bk ob^ifa^a pr aÇ^iabm^oq^j bkqlabmlif`Ä^,
`bob_olob^ifwÇrkbu^jbk`lpql+_bkbcf`fl,
Aljl Alkibv e^_Ä^ m^p^al`bo`^ ^ i^ dlimfw^*
Bbeb`el*aro^kqb jfiilkbpab^Ålpbipboer+ ~pqbcrb fkqboold^al, zi ^aj fqfÇ nrb e^_Ä^ bp+
;>PI=;NOM /1/

j^klcrbclog^al^ kl abpmboaf`f^obkbodÄ^9v q^albkbijfpjlird^oalkabAlucrb^q^`^al

3, Llq^_ibjbkqb* bpqb ob`e^wl fk`lkp`fbkqb abp^m^ob`b`r^kal ^idrfbk jbk`flk^ krbpqol klj_ob*vbp ^eÄnrb
krbpqo^^qbk`fÇkbpg^i^a^abfkjbaf^ql,

&* 9 W [ d  < J Z e J  M N  T J  9 J Z J  >"


mbol ^ibdÇ nrb kl sfl dlimfw^ ^idrk^, Lf i^ -) IZgXZeX^vcnkVadgVX^vcYZegjZWVh)
cfp`^iÄ^ kf bi gro^al ib `obvbolk, Co^ fjmlpf_ib :
nrber_fbo^ m^p^alq^k`bo`^pfke^_bosfpqli^ åJ^ afpqo^``fÇk ab ilpgrb`bp aro^kqb rk^ ^r+ n
mbib^*mbkp^_^k,Gkcfofbolk^abj}pnrbAlkibv afbk`f^ mlaoÄ^ pbo `^rp^i ab ^kri^`fÇk ab rk^ ǼĐ
ĆN
bpq^_^ j fkqfbkal m^o^ molqbdbo^ prp `ljm^+ pbkqbk`f^= a*8
GGG
Åbolp mlif`Ä^p* mlo il nrb il `lkabk^olk ^ 12 BCPCAFM
jbpbpabmofpfÇk, Ck cb_obol ab 0./3* bi Rof_rk^i ab ?mbi^`fÇk WCAMLMKG?
AMLBSARS?J
abQbkqbk`f^ Nbk^iab Q^k Hlp~ab`fafÇ^kri^o
?cloqrk^a^jbkqb* i^ abcbkp^ ab Alkibv `obÄ^ rk^pbkqbk`f^`lkabk^qlof^ab/.^Ålpabmbk^
bk pr fkl`bk`f^, N^o^ mol_^oil ob`roofÇ ^ rk mofs^qfs^abif_boq^amlok^o`lqo}cf`l,åJ^o^wÇk=
bpqrafl bjmÄof`l* ab ^`rboal ^ i^p pfdrfbkqbp Jlp grb`bp e^_Ä^k bpq^al j}p mbkafbkqbp ab
`^o^`qboÄpqf`^p8 prpqbi~clklpjÇsfibpnrbabilnrbpr`baÄ^bk
i^^rafbk`f^,
^' Jlpm^oqf`fm^kqbpabibpqraflab_Ä^kpbdrfo
^ rkprgbql^qolqb*abkl`ebvbk rk^`^iib Jlpgrb`bpDo^k`fkfOrbp^a^*?kao~pKlo^vK^+
firjfk^a^, ofbi^Tfii^il_lp kl plil ef`fbolk rpl `lkpq^kqb
ab ilp `biri^obp* mlkf~kalilp pl_ob i^ jbp^ l
_' QbmfafÇ^ilpm^oqf`fm^kqbpnrb`lkq^o^kbi prpobd^wlp*pfklnrbfk`irplqrsfbolkbi^qobsf+
kÉjbolabsb`bpnrbbielj_obpbql`^_^ jfbkqlab`^od^oilpm^o^pbdrforqfifw}kalilp,
i^`^_bw^,
Ci rplab ilp`biri^obpcrb`lkpq^kqb,Qbaflbk
`' K fbkqo^p `looÄ^k* m^p^olk `bo`^ ab rk^ afsboplpjljbkqlpabiabp^ooliilabigrf`fllo^i*
dobp`^ ^`qr^a^ bk i^ `r^i qobp elj_obp `ljl bk i^ ib`qro^ ab i^ ^`rp^`fÇk* i^ ab`i^o^+
^m^ib^_^kvibdofq^_^k^i`r^oql^`qlo, `fÇk ab qbpqfdlp* i^ ob`bm`fÇk ab morb_^p vi^p
`lk`irpflkbpabilpabcbkplobp,
Jrbdl ab nrb ilp m^oqf`fm^ k qbp qboj fk^o^k
bi ob`loofal*pbibpm ob dr k qÇ `r}kqlpabbiilp QbdÉk biRof_rk^i ab ?mbi^`fÇk* af`e^ afpqo^`+
e^_Ä^k s fp ql  i^ mbib^, Qlil 13# il e^_Ä^k `fÇk fk`fafÇbk i^ mbo`bm`fÇk*^k}ifpfpvs^ilo^+
klq^al, `fÇkab i^pmorb_^p8

?m^oqfoab il^kqboflo*ilp^_ld^alpabAlkibv Bn[h! ngZ! k^]n\\bzg! m^fihkZe!]^!eZ! \ZiZ)


^ibd^olknrbbo^mlpf_ibnrb~ikler_fbo^sfpql \b]Z]!]^!i^k\^i\bzg!h!]^!h[l^koZ\bzg!]^!ehl
i^ dlimfw^ ^ Kf`e^bi Alu9vbpnrb* pf _fbk m^pÇ cn^\^l(!jn^!gh!mh]h!^e!mb^fih!U***W!^lmnob^khg
^i`lpq^al* pr ^qbk`fÇk bpq^_^ cl`^ifw^a^ bk i^ ik^lmZg]h!eZ!Zm^g\bzg!]^[b]Z!^!bg]bli^glZ[e^
mbopb`r`fÇk, Bf`e^ abcbkp^ `^iÇbk biqof_rk^i iZkZ!Zl^`nkZk!ngZ!\hkk^\mZ!]^\blbzg 3* ]H
6
vcrbcfk^ij bkqb^_prbiqlbkbi0..34, \\
SH

Aljl`lkpb`rbk`f^abbiil*biRof_rk^iab`fafÇ
?pÄmrbp*ilpqbpqfdlpklqfbkbkmlonr~mol`bp^o ^kri^oi^pbkqbk`f^`lkabk^qlof^mlosrikbo^obi
qlal il nrbbpq} ^ pr ^iobabalo, Bbp`r_ofonr~ ab_fal mol`bplv`^rp^orka^Ål foobm^o^_ib^
sfbolkob^ijbkqbobnrfbobabrk^`r`flplfkqb+ ilpfjmrq^alp,?pfjfpjl*biRof_rk^ifkaf`Ç jn^
oold^qloflvabrk^fksbpqfd^`fÇk molcrka^9kl \nZejnb^k!i^klhgZ!lhf^mb]Z!Z!cnb\bh!mb^g^!]^k^\ah
_^pq^`lk mobprjfonrbjfbkqbk, Z!l^k!^l\n\aZ]Z!ihk!cn^\^l!bfiZk\bZe^l(!jn^!^lmwg

Ĉ, PM@@CLLMJR* Hbkkfcbov QRCPLJGEFR* Hb^k, Jlr\aheh`r!_hk!eZpr^kl* Nofjbo^ baf`fÇk, ?jbof`^k @^o?ppl`f^qflk,
CCSS,0./0*m,7, ^
5, BG?PGML?AGôL,Nr_if`^`fÇkabcb`e^ /.abcb_obolab0./3, Bfpmlkf_ibbk8:eqqm8--ttt,k^`flk,`lj-pr`bplp-
&
mlabo+graf`f^i-Hrb`bp+afpqo^falp+`biri^obp+^kri^`flk+`lkabk^ . /246631/04,eqji<, öiqfj^ `lkpriq^ ob^ifw^a^
$J
bi /6abcb_obolab0./4,

>[`LQW;0EP` <JXJ XJZJ JKWPJMW[ NV [] ^RJSN JT RV\NZRWZ MNT LNZNKZW


Zm^gmhl Z mh]h eh jn^ h\nkkZ ^g eZl Zn]b^g\bZl r
k^li^m^g Z eZl iZkm^l jn^ iZkmb\bi^g ^g ^e ]^[Zm^ *

W^ p^_b8 pf bpgrbw l }o_fqol* mf~kpbil alp sb+


`bp ^kqbp ab gr d ^o =Zg]r =knla aro^kqb rk^
^rafbk`f^,

.) IZgXZeX^vcneZghjVh^vc)

Orfbkmbd^mofjbolmbd^alpsb`bp9bifkf`flab
rk^efpqlof^fjm^`q^j}pnrbprabp^ooliil,@^gl
bibcb`qlikbfZ\o*ilppbobperj^klpob`rboa^k bp q^k pfjmib, Cplp mofjbolp pbdrkalp s^ibk
j}p i^ fkcloj ^`fÇk mobpbkq^a^ ^i fkf`fl nrb lol, Ll ilp abpmboaf`fb, Nobpbkqb prp jbglobp
^nrbii^ mobpbkq^a^abpmr~pabbpqb, ^odrjbkqlpvprbsfabk`f^ j}p`lkqrkabkqb,
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^ `riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

Nlobiil*qbkboi^lmloqrkfa^aab^_ofoi^^rafbk+ BBB) E:F>FHKB:ANF:G:5>L<KB;B>G=HR


`f^iba^^i^ m^oqbabj^ka^kqbrk^sbkq^g^bk K>(>L<KB;B>G=H>EK>@BLMKH
i^ cloj^`fÇk ab i^p lmfkflkbp abi qof_rk^i* il
nrbfkcirvbbki^s^ilo^`fÇkabi^bsfabk`f^,Jlp Ar^kalrklobsfp^prefpqlof^ipbkqfjbkq^iprbib
}o_fqolpcloj^krk^bpmb`fbabcfiqol_^glbi`r^i mobdrkq^opb`Çjl^pÄmralqbkbork^ obi^`fÇk
grwd^o}kqlali^fkcloj^`fÇknrbibpb^mobpbk+ `lk bp^ mboplk^, Ck bp^ pr`bpfÇk j^plnrfpq^
q^a^ `lk mlpqboflofa^a6,Aljl fkaf`^k Avjolq ab ob`rboalp* abpq^`^ i^ c^iq^ ab `lkbufÇk ^
vJbsfkb8 rhn g^o^k_hk`^mrhnk_bklmbfik^llbhg 5* `r^inrfbo kfsbi* ilp ob`i^jlp pfk pbkqfal* i^p
obrkflkbp fkplmloq^_ibp `lk prp ^jfd^p abi
?i fkf`flabrk^^rafbk`f^*ilp}o_fqolpplk j}p qo^_^gl*bkqoblqolpbmfplaflpnrbmobcbofoÄ^jlp
ob`bmqfslp ^ i^ fkcloj^`fÇk nrb pb ibp _ofka^8 bifjfk^oabkrbpqolobdfpqol,
bpq}kj}pabpmfboqlp*ob`f~kfkf`f^k i^p^rafbk+
`f^p vqfbkbk ilp ob`roplp jbkq^ibp prcf`fbkqbp Cpb^kebilmlojliab^oi^jbjlof^erj^k^bp
m^o^cloj^opbrk^lmfkfÇk, ?abj}p*qfbkbkrk^ obcibg^al bk i^ mbiÄ`ri^ Cqbok^i prkpefkb l c^
j^vlo mobafpmlpf`fÇk ^ obqbkbo fkcloj^`fÇk v pmlqibpp jfka ,Ro^p qboj fk^o rk^ obi^`fÇk ql o+
klplilbiilpfklnrbmbo`f_bkbpq^fkcloj^`fÇk jbkqlp^*Hlbi &Hfj A^oobv' vAibjbkqfkb &I^qb
`ljlj}ps^iflp^bfj mloq^kqbnrbi^nrbpbo} Ufkpibq'ab`fabkpljbqbopb^rkmol`bafjfbkql
mobpbkq^a^bkbiabp^ooliill^icfk^iabprbuml+ m^o^_loo^oilpob`rboalpabilqolabprpobpmb`+
pf`fÇk/.,Bbeb`el*bkrkbumbofjbkqlob^ifw^al qfs^pjbjlof^p,
mloCat^oaUofdeq*bi6.#abigro^alv^e^_Ä^k
qlj ^al rk^ mlpf`fÇk irbdl ab bp`r`e^o i^p Qfk bj_^odl* jfbkqo^p bpq^_^ aloj fal v pl+
`lk`irpflkbpabilp^ibd^qlp fkf`f^ibp//, j bqfal ^i mol`bafj fbkql ab bifj fk^`fÇk ab
ob`rboalp* Hlbi pb a^ `rbkq^ abi fjm^`ql nrb
?i fkf`fl ab rk^ ^rafbk`f^ kl mfboa^ qfbj ml Aibjbkqfkb e^_Ä^ qbkfal bk pr sfa^, ?i qo^q^o
mobpbkq}kalpb* ^`i^o^kal ^ nrf~k obmobpbkq^ ab lisfa^oi^ ob`rboa^ mlo nr~ i^ ^j^_^ bk rk
kf bumif`^kal mlo nr~ bi `^pl prmrbpq^jbkqb mofjbojljbkql,

6, I?L?QIW* @fii, Na^ JkbfZ\r Zg] L^\^g\r ^__^\ml6 Na^ l^\k^m p^Zihgl h _ hi^gbg` lmZm^f^gml * Ck8Rof^i ?asÇ`^qb
; >PI = ;NO M /1/

Or^oqboiv,Tbo^kl0./2*mm,04+07,

7, AWKPMR*K,?,vJCTGLC*NK, Ahbg` @bklm GZd^l Z >b__^k^g\^6 >^\blbhg)GZdbg` >rgZfb\l bg ;k[bmkZmbhg *

/., I?L?QIW*@fii,Ii*A-%q,

//, UPGEFR* Cat^oa, àBhp mh nl^ =hnkmkhhf >kZfZ mh Qbg =Zl^l *Afq^al mlo @fpelm $ Bfjfqols, Ck8 Jlr\aheh`r h_
J^klnZlbzg*

&, 9 W [ d  < J Z e J  M N  T J  9 J Z J  >"


Ro^p bpb jljbkql ab firjfk^`fÇk* Hlbi ab`fab mlo klplqolp jfpjlp l mlo crbkqbp buqbok^p,
ir`e^o `lkqo^ i^ abmro^`fÇk ab pr jbjlof^ b ? j bkral fkqolar`fj lp krbslp eb`elp nrb
fkqbkq^ `lkpbos^oilp ob`rboalpabAibjbkqfkb* `^j_f^k`Çjlvnr~ob`loa^objlp,Nlobiilbp
obbp`of_fbkalilpjljbkqlpnrbm^p^olkgrkqlp mlpf_ibnrbob`loabjlp`lkco^knrbw^eb`elp
v^pÄbp`lkaf~kalilpabilpq~`kf`lpbk`^od^alp nrbkle^kl`roofallnrbpr`bafbolkabcloj^
abi^lmbo^`fÇk&K^ohPrcc^ilvIfopqbkBrkpq',J^ afpqfkq^, Pbpriq^ afcÄ`fi pbm^o^o ilp ob`rboalp BCPCAFM
afpmrq^abHlbil`^pflk^rk^pbofbabpfqr^`flkbp lofdfk^ibpabilpnrbe^kpfalobql`^alp, WCAMLMKG?
AMLBSARS?J
fksbolpÄjfibp* `ljl i^ jbw`i^ bkqob i^ pfjmib
`ljm^ÅÄ^ab^j_lppbkq^alpbkbiplc}`lki^ob+ ?pÄmrbp*krbpqo^jbjlof^klpfbjmobcrk`flk^
jfkfp`bk`f^abrk^q^oababiirsf^bkprfkc^k`f^, ab j^kbo^ `lkcf^_ib, Ciilprmlkb rk obql m^o^
bi Bbob`el* bpmb`f^ijbkqbbk ilnrbpb obcfbob
Qf _fbk e^ e^_fal ^s^k`bp fj mloq^kqbp bk bi ^`lkcf^_fifa^aabab`i^o^`flkbpqbpqfjlkf^ibp,
bpqraflabi^jbjlof^*^Ékklbpmlpf_ibbgbo`bo ? `lkqfkr^`fÇk mi^kqb^objlp qobp mol_ibj^p
rk `lkqoli q^k abq^ii^al ab krbpqolp ob`rbo+ bpmb`Äcf`lpnrbpb mobpbkq^k bk i^ molar``fÇk
alp/0,Lrbpqo^ jbjlof^ klcrk`flk^`ljlrk^ abaf`e^bsfabk`f^,
do^_^alo^absfabl,
,) MgVch[ZgZcX^V ^cXdchX^ZciZ)
N^o^bjmbw^o*qbkbjlprk^mbo`bm`fÇkpbpd^a^
nrb fjmfab rk obdfpqolcfbi ab ilnrb pr`bab ^ J^qo^kpcbobk`f^fk`lkp`fbkqbpbmolar`b`r^k+
krbpqol ^iobabalo, Aljl v^ bumif`^jlp* biil albiqbpqfdlklob`rboa^cfbijbkqb^i^mboplk^
fj mif`^ nrb plil `^mq^j lp rk^ co^``fÇk ab abfkqbo~pm^o^i^fksbpqfd^`fÇk&mlobgbjmil*^i
il nrb bpq} ^i ^i`^k`b ab krbpqolp lglp* lÄal i^aoÇk', Jrbdl* ^i ob`lkl`bo rk^ `^o^ c^jfif^o*
v lic^ql* v nrb ^nrbiil nrb pÄ mbo`f_fjlp bpq} qo^kpcfbob bp^ fkcloj^`fÇk ^ i^ ^m^ofbk`f^ abi
`lkq^j fk^al mlo c^`qlobp buÇdbklp &pbpdlp `ofjfk^i*`lk`irvbkalnrb nrfbk bpq} ^icobkqb
`ldkfqfslp* mobgrf`flp* bjl`flkbp* ifjfq^`flkbp prvlbpbiobpmlkp^_ib/1,
_fliÇdf`^p*bq`,',
Ckob^ifa^a*ob`lkl`bo^^idrfbkklpfdkfcf`^nrb
?abj}p*krbpqo^`^m^`fa^aab^ij^`bk^jfbk+ e^v^ m^oqf`fm^al kf e^v^ bpq^al bk i^ bp`bk^
ql bp ifjfq^a^9 kl bp rk^ `rbkq^ ik^fbnf ab abi`ofjbk,Qfjmibjbkqbfjmif`^nrbbiqbpqfdl
Bolm_lu,Nlobiilmlpbbjlprk jb`^kfpjlab sfl ^kqbp ^ bp^ mboplk^,W kl kb`bp^of^jbkqb
pbib``fÇk+abpabi^jbjlof^pbkplof^i*m^p^kal bk bi `lkqbuql nrb obpriq^ fj mloq^kqb m^o^ i^
mloi^ jbjlof^abqo^_^gle^pq^ iibd^o^ i^ jb+ fksbpqfd^`fÇk, NlaoÄ^ obpriq^o c^j fif^o mlonrb
jlof^abi^odlmi^wl+nrbabmro^fkcloj^`fÇk, qo^_^g^ `lj l m loqbol bk rk^ afp`lqb`^ cob +
`rbkq^a^mlobiqbpqfdl*sbkabmbofÇaf`lp`bo`^
?pfjfpjl* krbpqo^ `^m^`fa^a ab `lkqoli^o i^ ^i `^jfkl ^i qo^_^gl ab ^nrbi* l pfjmibjbkqb L= 

jbjlof^ bp obpqofkdfa^, Cmfplaflp ^do^a^_ibp mlonrbi^mlif`Ä^jlpqoÇrk^clqlprv^aro^kqb


pbmrbabkmboabomloc^iq^abob`roobk`f^v*abi bifkqboold^qlofl,
lqoli^al*mrbabobpriq^oafcÄ`fibifj fk^opbib`qf+
s^jbkqb^idÉk ob`rboalnrbklpafpdrpq^, Bb bpq^ j^kbo^* i^ qo^kpcbobk`f^ fk`lkp`fbkqb
mrbab iibs^o ^ nrb rk fkl`bkqb pb^ bnrfsl`^+
Ckabcfkfqfs^*i^ jbjlof^bprklod^kfpjlsfsl a^jbkqb fabkqfcf`^al `ljl bi obpmlkp^_ib b
nrbmrbabpbojlafcf`^al+bp`ofqlvob+bp`ofql+ fkgrpq^jbkqb`lkabk^al, Ǽ

/0, KbjlovF^`hbop bprkal`rjbkq^iabN@Qbkbinrbpbbumilo^bibpq^al^`qr^iabi^pfksbpqfd^`flkbppl_obi^


jbjlof^v`Çjlprmrbpq^jbkqbpboÄ^mlpf_ib^iqbo^oob`rboalpfk`Çjlalpl`ob^okrbs^pjbjlof^pabbsbkqlp \
nrb bk ob^ifa^a krk`^ l`roofbolk, Ck8 : eqqm8--ttt,qbib^o^me,`l,rh-kbtp-p`fbk`b-/0/30115-Q`fbkqfpqp+e^sb+ :Ǽ9
afp`lsboba+elt+ql+abibqb+rkt^kqba+jbjlofbp,eqji<, O

/1, LCJQML* Ibiivbq^i* =aZg`^![ebg]g^ll!\Zg!\Znl^!fblmZd^g!^r^pbmg^ll!Ñ]^gmb_b\Zmbhg * Ck8Reb @ofqfpe Npv`elildf`^i O


Ql`fbqv,PbfklSkfal,0./.*mm,40+41, \

> [ ` L Q W ; 0 E P `  < J X J  X J Z J  J K W P J M W [  NV [] ^ R J S N  JT  R V \ N Z R W Z  M N T  L N Z N K Z W  &-


-) BbeVXidYZaVhXgZZcX^VheZghdcVaZhZc j^`fÇk pl_ob prp mbifdolp nrb bk ob^ifa^a kl
aVbZbdg^V) bpq^_^bkbiqbuql,Bbilqoli^al*nrfbkbp`obÄ^k
nrbi^bkbodÄ^kr`ib^obppbdro^* ob`loa^olk bk
Lrbpqo^p mlpqro^pvlmfkflkbp klplil ^cb`q^k j^vlojbafa^fkcloj^`fÇkpl_obprp_bkbcf`flp
krbpqolp gr f`flp ab s^ilo* pfkl nrb q^j _f~k nrbq^j ml`lpbbk`lkqo^_^bkbiqb uql /3,
fkcirvbk bk nr~ ob`loa^jlp* nr~ lisfa^jlp b
fk`irpl dbkbo^k afpqlopflkbp bk ilp ob`rboalp Cpqbqfmlabc^iilpbk i^ jbjlof^ mrbabkqbkbo
v^ ^ij^`bk^alp, Ll bp mlpf_ib pfj mibj bkqb rk fj m^`ql do^sb bk ab`i^o^`flkbp qbpqfj l +
obqol`baboi^`fkq^abkrbpqo^jbjlof^vobmol+ kf^ibp,J^pmob`lk`bm`flkbpabrkqbpqfdl+m l o
ar`fobi`lkqbkfalq^i`ljlilmobpbk`f^jlpi^ bgbjmil*pfbpqb`obbab^kqbj^klnrbbi^`rp^+
mofjbo^sbw, al mol_^_ibjbkqbbp`rim^_ib+kl pli^jbkqb
mrbabke^`boilm^o`f^i*pfklnrbmrbabkj lafcf+
?i obpmb`ql* Pb^a v Plpplk ob^ifw^olk rk bu+ `^onr~ob`loa^o}bfk`irplnrbob`rboabeb`elp
mbofj bkql m^o^ fabkqfcf`^o bi fj m^`ql ab i^p afpqfkqlp^ ilpob^ijbkqbl`roofalp,
`obbk`f^pmboplk^ibpbki^jbjlof^*ab^`rboal
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^ `r iq^ a  ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

^ i^ppfdrfbkqbp`^o^`qboÄpqf`^p8 .) BbeaVciVX^vcYZgZXjZgYdh)

^' Jlp m^oqf`fm^kqbp ab_Ä^k `l j m ibq^ o rk J^ jbjlof^ bp co}dfi, zpq^ mrbab pbo `lkq^j f+
`rbpqflk^ofl pl_ob pr lmfkfÇk obpmb`ql ^ k^a^ mlocrbkqbpbuqbok^p,?pÄ*i^ fjmi^kq^`fÇk
i^bkbodÄ^kr`ib^o, ab ob`rboalp mrbab fkqbosbkfo ^ qo^s~p ab rk
fkqboold^qlofl*i^lmfkfÇkabrk`ljm^Åbol*ilp
_' Jrbdlab_Ä^kibbork_obsbqbuqlpl_obrk jbaflpab`ljrkf`^`fÇk*bkqoblqolp,
fk`bkaflbk rk^ mi^kq^ kr`ib^o,
Orfw}prklab ilpbpqraflpj}pc^jlplppl_ob
`' Dfk^ijbkqb*ab_Ä^k obpmlkabork^ morb_^ i^j^qbof^crbob^ifw^almloCifw^_bqeJlcqrp,Ck
ab ob`lkl`fj fbkql, Ck ~pq^ pb ibp mbaÄ^ ~pqb* mfafÇ ^ rk dorml ab 02 nrb `lkcfoj^o^k
nrb fkaf`^o^k pf i^ co^pb bpmb`Äcf`^ ^m^+ nr~bsbkqlpe^_Ä^kpr`bafalbkprfkc^k`f^,Qfk
ob`Ä^ bk bi qbuql nrb ibvbolk/2, Sk qbo`fl nrbbiilp ilprmfbo^k* Jlcqrp `lool_loÇ`lk ilp
ab ilp m^oqf`fm^kqbp obpmlkafÇ i^ morb_^ c^jfif^obpabilpm^oqf`fm^kqbpnrbbpqlpkrk`^
fkjbaf^q^jbkqb abpmr~p ab ibbobiqbuql* pber_fbo^kmboafalbkrk`bkqol`ljbo`f^i^ilp
jfbkqo^p nrb ilpabj}p il ef`fbolk rk^ l 3^Ålp,Wirbdlfk`irvÇbpbbsbkqlbki^ifpq^nrb
alppbj^k^pabpmr~p, ilpm^oqf`fm^kqbpab_Ä^ksbofcf`^o,Jlpobpriq^alp
jlpqo^olknrbbi07#abm^oqf`fm^kqbpob`loaÇ
Jlp obpriq^alp obsbi^olk rk^ qbkabk`f^ bk i^ e^_bopbmboafalbkbi`bkqol`ljbo`f^i*il`r^i
jbjlof^ ab ilp m^oqf`fm^kqbp8 ob`loa^olk bk ob^ijbkqbkle^_Ä^pr`bafal/4,
j^vlojbafa^^nrbii^fkcloj^`fÇknrbbo^`lk+
pfpqbkqb`lkprp^`qfqrabpvlmfkflkbpmobsf^pb ?pfjfpjl* i^ `lool_lo^`fÇk mlo m^oqb ab rk
fk`irplqrsfbolk ob`rboalpc^iplp, qbo`bol mrbab qbkbo bcb`qlp molcrkalp bk i^
fjmi^kq^`fÇkabob`rboalpc^iplp,N^o^`ljmol+
Ckbcb`ql*nrfbkbp`lkpfabo^_^knrbi^bkbodÄ^ _^oil* I^ppfk fksbpqfdÇ i^p ob^``flkbp ab bpqr+
kr`ib^obpmbifdolp^qbkafbolk^ ob`loa^o fkclo+ af^kqbp^`rp^alpc^ip^jbkqbabe^_boa^Å^al
;>PI=;NOM /1/

/2, Bf`e^ `^ifcf`^`fÇk ab_Ä^ ob^ifw^opb bk rk^ bp`^i^ ab // mrkqlp* alkab+3 pfdkfcf`^_^ bpqlv jrvpbdrolnrb kl
^m^ob`b9.*klp~pf^m^ob`b9v)3* bpqlvjrvpbdrolnrbpÄ^m^ob`b ,

/3, PC?B* Qqbmebk v PMQQML* K^ov @bqe, L^pkbmbg`!ablmhkr6! ma^! [bZlbg`!^__^\ml!h _!Zmmbmn]^l!hg! f^fhkr * Ck8 Ql`f^i
Aldkfqflk,Tli, /,Lrj,1,mm,02.+033,

/4, JMDRSQ* Cifw^_bqe, =k^Zmbg`!_Zel^!f^fhkb^l * Ck8 Q`fbkqfcf` ?jbof`^k,Tli,055, Lrj, 1,Qbmqfbj_obab /775* mm,
5.+53,

'$ H l p ~  K ^ o Ä ^  a b  i ^ H ^ o ^  N,
rk^ `ljmrq^alo^ mlo mobpflk^o rk^ qb`i^ mlo Gk`irpl^kqbpabbp`r`e^oprlmfkfÇk*klp_^p^+
boolo, ?i fkf`fl* ilp m^oqf`fm^kqbp kbd^olk ilp jlpbka^qlpnrbklkb`bp^of^jbkqbbpq}ksfk+ :
`^odlp, Qfk bj_^odl* `r^kal lqol qo^_^g^alo `ri^alp^prfkqbifdbk`f^lmboplk^ifa^a+`lj l r
^cfojÇ e^_boilp sfpql mobpflk^kal bi qb`i^al* i^rkfsbopfa^abknrbbpqrafÇ+m^o^cloj^ork^ ǼĐ
M,
bi 76#abbiilpcfoj Ç rk^ `lkcbpfÇk*^prjfÇ i^ fab^mobifjfk^oab`lknrf~kbpq^jlpqo^q^kal/6, i-<
ǼĐ
`rim^vaflabq^iibpabic^iplbsbkql`ljlpfbpqb BCPCAFM
bk ob^ifa^a er_fbpbl`roofal/5, Cpqbjb`^kfpjlbp`lkl`fal`ljlrk^ebroÄpqf+ WCAMLMKG?
AMLBSARS?J
`^,Cpq^pplkpfjmifcf`^`flkbp`ldkfqfs^pnrbkl
Jlp ob`rboalp c^iplp a fcf`r iq^ k  i^ a fpqfk`fÇk kb`bp^of^jbkqblmbo^kbk_^pb^obdi^piÇdf`^p,
bkqob nr~ pr`bafÇ bk ob^ifa^a v ^nrbiil nrb Ck `^j_fl*plk^q^glp jbkq^ibpnrbc^`fifq^k i^
bp molar`ql ab rk^ fjmi^kq^`fÇk, Nlo biil* i^ qlj^abab`fpflkbp,EfdbobkwbovE^ppj^fboi^p
`lkcf^_fifa^a bk i^ jbjlof^ ab rk qbpqfdl pb abcfkbkabi^pfdrfbkqbj^kbo^8
abqboflo^^jbafa^nrbqo^kp`roobj}pqfbj ml
abpab bi fk`fabkqb j^qbof^ ab fksbpqfd^`fÇk9 v OgZa^nkxlmb\Z^lngZ^lmkZm^`bZjn^b`ghkZ
bpnrb*jfbkqo^pj}pqfbj mlm^pbklplile^_o} iZkm^]^ eZ bg_hkfZ\bzg( \hg ^eh[c^mboh ]^
lisfa^al j}p abq^iibp pfkl nrb ^abj}p e^_o} ]^\b]bkfvlkvib]h(_kn`Zef^gm^r+h\hgfvl
j^vlobpmlpf_fifa^abpnrbprpob`rboalpe^v^k ik^\blbzgjn^\hgfwmh]hlfvl\hfie^chl$g5*
pfal `lkq^jfk^alp mlo rk^ crbkqb buqbok^, W
`ljlebjlpsfpql*ilpob`rboalpc^iplpmrbabk ?pÄ* i^p ebroÄpqf`^p plk ^q^glp jbkq^ibp nrb
iibd^o^pbkqfopbq^kob^ibpnrbilpqbpqfdlpjrbp+ mboj fqbk ^oof_^o ^ rk^ plir`fÇk p^qfpc^`qlof^
qo^k rk^ molcrka^`lkcf^kw^bkbiilp, `lk rk^ `^kqfa^a jlabpq^ ab `lj mrq^`fÇk9
pfjmifcf`^k bi mol`bp^jfbkqlab fkcloj^`fÇk v
BO) :M:CHLF>GM:E>LR<HKMH<BK<NBMHL5 ^eloo^kob`roplp0.,Cpqbmol`bafjfbkqlpbmrbab
A>NKÅLMB<:LRL>L@HL<H@GBMBOHL a^oobar`fbkal bibpcrbowlbk fka^d^obi s^ilo
abrkbpqÄjril*mol`bp^kaljbklpfkcloj^`fÇk
Pb`rboab^i^Éiqfj^mboplk^nrbibmobpbkq^olk ab i^ kb`bp^of^ l prpqfqrvbkal rk^ mobdrkq^
bkrk^obrkfÇk,åAr}kqlqfbjmlm^pÇe^pq^nrb afcÄ`fi mlork^c}`fi*bkqoblqolp0/,
cloj^o^ rk^ lmfkfÇk pl_ob prp `^m^`fa^abp=
Nol_^_ibjbkqb ml`l, Ar^kal klp mobpbkq^k ^ Qfkbj_^odl*v`ljlp^_b`r^inrfbo^nrbe^v^
rk buqo^Ål* qbkabjlp ^ grwd^oil ab ^oo^knrb, rqfifw^alQZs^m^o^j^kbg^omloJfj^*ilp^q^glp

ȚŨÕ I?QQGL* Q^Éi, @Zel^ \hg_^llbhgl6 \Znl^l( \hgl^jn^g\^l Zg] Ñfieb\Zmbhgl _hk k^_hkf * Ck8 Aroobkq ĘĢĮFĖJĢÏÎIJ ĢÎ
ĬIJĻĖĠÏÌÏĞĻ DĖĢFÎĖFÕ Tli, ȚŨÕ Lrj,ÙÕ
/6, Nol_^_ibjbkqbbibpqraflj}p`fq^alpl_obprpqfqr`fÇkab^qof_rqlpcrb`lkar`falmloQqo^`h*Jblk^oavQ`et^ow, :
``
Jlp ^rqlobp bu^jfk^olk i^p obpmrbpq^p nrb afbolk bk afpqfkql loabk 14. ^irjklp ab mobdo^al obpmb`ql ^ i^p JS

mobdrkq^p ÉjnwmZg_^ebs^k^l: v É\nvgmZl\bmZlaZlm^gb]h^g^e{embfhf^l:  Jlfkqbobp^kqbbpnrbbi do^alab


w
JS

cbif`fa^a ab`i^o^al bpqrsl fkcirbk`f^al mlobi loabk ab i^p mobdrkq^p, ?pÄ* ilp bk`rbpq^alp ^ ilp nrb ibpql`Ç M
obsbi^obkmofjboird^obi kÉjbolab`fq^polj}kqf`^pnrbe^_Ä^kqbkfalbkbi jbp^k`i^olkaf`elkÉjbol^pr {Z
cbif`fa^a bk dbkbo^i, Bb bpq^ j^kbo^* af`elp ^irjklp prpqfqrvbolk rk^ mobdrkq^ afcÄ`fi &do^al abcbif`fa^a* bk JM

dbkbo^i' mlork^ jr`el j}ppfjmib&kÉjbolab`fq^p',QRP?AI* @kbms(^mZe* Nofjfkd^ka `ljjrkf`^qflk8pl`f^i <


abqbojfk^kqplcfkcloj^qflk rpbfkgradjbkqpl cifcbp^qfpc^`qflk ,Ck8Crolmb^kHlrok^ilcQl`f^i Npv`elildv,Tli
:
Ł
/6,Lrj,3,/776*mm,207+220, 1
/7, EGECPCLXCP*EboavE?GQQK?GCP*Ulicd^kd, B^nkblmb\>^\blbzgGZdbg` *Ck8?kkr^iPbsfbtl cNpv`elildv,0.//*
m,232

0., QGKML* Fbo_boq, àCgoZkbZgmlh _anfZg[^aZobhk(;ggnZeL^ob^ph _Jlr\aheh`r *Tli,2/* mm, //, Afq^al mlo QF?F*
? krgvMNNCLFCGKCP*B^kfbi, @e^nkblmb\lGZ]^?Zlr6Zg?__hkm)L^]n\mbhg@kZf^phkd *Ck8Npv`elildf`^i@riibqfk,Tli,
/12,Lrj,0,0..6*m,0.5, %
Ŧ
0/, QF?F*?krgvMNNCLFCGKCP*B^kfbi,Mm,Afq,*m,0.7,I?FLCK?L*B^kfbivQe^kbDPCBCPGAI, L^ik^l^gmZmbo^g^ll
L^oblbm^]6;mmkb[nm^ Mn[lmbmnmbhg bg Cgmnbmbo^Dn]`^f^gm * Ck8 EGJMTGAF* EPGDDGL* ^mZe* B^nkblmb\bl Zg] [bZl^l6 Na^
&O
ilr\aheh`rh _bgmnbmbo^mahn`am*LbtWloh8A^j_ofadbSkfsbopfqvNobpp*m,31,

N p v ` e l J ? U d v  K ^ m ^  m ^ o ^  ^ _ l d ^ a l p  bk pr s f ^ g b  ^i  f k q b o f l o  a b i  ` b o b _ o l  '%


klpfbjmobklpiibs^k mlobi`^jfklnrbbpmb+ Fhl! l^l`hl(! ^g! k^Zeb]Z](! gh! lhg! hmkZ! \hlZ
o^jlp,Ar^kalrkl_rp`^rk^obpmrbpq^o}mfa^ jn^!ik^cnb\bhl(! m^g]^g\bZl(! ebf bmZ\bhg^l! h
abaf`^ jbklp qfbjml* bkbodÄ^ v ^qbk`fÇk* fk+ ik^]blihlb\bhg^l! %\ZnlZ]hl!i hk!^kkhk^l! ]^
`objbkq^ali^p mlpf_fifa^abp abbnrfsl`^opb, i^k\^i\bzg(! ^qi^kb^g\bZ(! ^fh\bhg^l(! ^m\wm^)
kZ&!jn^!Z_^\mZg!eZ!oblbzg!bgm^`kZe!]^e!ahf[k^
?i obpmb`ql* I^ekbj^k vRsbophvob^ifw^olk rk Z\^k\Z!]^!eZ!k^Zeb]Z](!r !jn^!eh!ee^oZg!Z!mhfZk
bumbofjbkql`lk i^ppfdrfbkqbp`^o^`qboÄpqf`^p8 ]^\blbhg^l!jn^!gh!\hg\n^k]Zg!\hg!^e!Zgveblbl
ÖkZ\bhgZeÜ!]^!eZ!m^hkxZ!\evlb\Z .0*
^' Bfsfafbolk^ilpm^oqf`fm^kqbpbkalpdormlp
v ibp bkqobd^olk ifpq^p afpqfkq^p `lk klj + Ckabcfkfqfs^* i^ ebroÄpqf`^ bpbiikh\^lhabpfj+
_obpabmboplk^p, mifcf`^`fÇk ab i^ qlj^ ab`fpflkbpv bi pbpdl bp
i^ eboo^jfbkq^ `ldkfqfs^ &mobgrf`fl* qbkabk`f^
_' Ck i^ mofjbo^ ifpq^* i^ j^vloÄ^ ab klj_obp l mobafpmlpf`fÇk' ^pl`f^a^ ^ af`el mol`bpl,
bo^kabjrgbobp9vbki^lqo^*i^j^vloÄ^ab ?pÄ* pf i^ ebroÄpqf`^ bp rk ^q^gl jbkq^i*bipbpdl
klj_obpbo^kabelj_obp, `ldkfqfsl bp bi abpqfkl bnrfsl`^al bk bi nrb
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

af`el`^jfkl^iqbok^qfslabpbj_l`^,
`' ?nrÄbpq} biqor`l8 bk i^ ifpq^ cbjbkfk^* pb
`lil`^olkklj_obpabelj_obpc^jlplpv J^p fksbpqfd^`flkbp e^k abp`r_fboql rk^ ifpq^
bki^ifpq^j^p`rifk^pbfk`irvbolkklj_obp `lkpfabo^_ib ab pbpdlp v ebroÄpqf`^p, ? `lkqf+
abjrgbobp`lkl`fa^p, kr^`fÇk sbobjlp ^idrklp bgbjmilp ^mif`^alp
^iBbob`el,
J^ mobdrkq^ bo^ pfj mib8 ånr~ d~kbol bp bi
j}p krjbolpl bk i^ ifpq^ nrb ib ql`Çsbo= Ck ,) =Z[Vjai)
^j_lp `^plp* ilp m^oqf`fm^kqbp obpmlkafbolk
nrb bi d~kbol `lk j}p c^jlplp bo^ bi j}p Bb`fafo`rbpq^,Arbpq^qfbjml*`rbpq^^qbk`fÇk
krj bolpl00, Ciilp kl `lkq^olk ilp klj_obp v`rbpq^ bkbodÄ^, Cp mlobiilnrbqbkbjlp rk^
rkl m lo rkl, Ck `^j _fl* ob pm lk a fbolk  bk qbkabk`f^ ^ i^ fkbo`f^, Qf rk^ ab`fpfÇk bp jrv
_^pb^ ilpob`rboalpnrblZemZkZg j}p o}mfal `lpqlp^*jr`e^psb`bplmq^jlpmloi^fk^``fÇk
abpr jbkqb,W`lj lilpklj_obpabi^p`bib+ li^lm`fÇk mobabqbojfk^a^ &bi]^_Znem&*
_ofa^abpqfbkbk j^vloob`loa^`fÇk*fkqrvbolk
nrbmobalj fk^_^^nrbid~kbolalkab e^_Ä^ Ck rk bpqrafl* K^aof^k v Qeb^ bs^ir^olk bi
j}pc^jlplp, ` l j m l oq^ j fb k ql  ab ilp bj mib^alp ab rk^
bjmobp^bkobi^`fÇk^i^prp`ofm`fÇkabrkmi^k
Cpq^`i^pbabboolobpplk`lkl`falp`ljlpbpdlp abmbkpflkbpnrbibpmbojfqfoÄ^^eloo^oafkbol,
`ldkfqfslp9plk`lkpqor``flkbppr_gbqfs^pabi^
ob^ifa^a nrb jliab^k krbpqo^ mbo`bm`fÇk abi Ckrkmofjbojljbkql*ilpbjmib^alpqbkÄ^knrb
jrkalv krbpqo^ `lkar`q^ mbol klp^ibg^k ab qlj^oi^ ab`fpfÇk^`qfs^ ab fkp`of_fopbbkbi mi^k
i^ o^`flk^ifa^a kloj^qfs^ l mbocb`q^01, Aljl ab^eloolp,Nbpb^nrb~pqbmobpbkq^_^_bkbcf`flp
fkaf`^k Bo^dlvPlg^p8 pfdkfcf`^qfslp*ml`^pmboplk^plmq^olkmlo~i,

00, RTCPQIW*?jlpvI?LFCK?L*B^kfbi, Dn]`f^gm!ng]^k!ng\^kmZbgmr6!B^nkblmb\l!Zg]!<bZl^l * Ck8Q`fbk`b*LbtQbofbp,


Tli,/63,Lrj,2/35,/752*m, //02,
;>PI = ;NO M /1/

01, I?FLCK?L*B^kfbivQe^kbDPCBCPGAI, L^ik^l^gmZmbo^g^ll!L^oblbm^]6!;mmkb[nm^!Mn[lmbmnmbhg!Ñg!Cgmnbmbo^!Dn]`^f^gm *


Ck8 EGJMTGAF* EPGDDGL* ^m!ZV*! B^nkblmb\l! Zg]! [bZl^l6! Na^! ilr\aheh`r!h _!bgmnbmbo^! mahn`am* Lbt Wloh8 A^j_ofadb
SkfsbopfqvNobpp*m,31,

02, BP?EM* K^ofl v PMH?Q* A^oilp, =hgh\b^g]h! ^e! >^k^\ah! r! ?\hghfxZ! =hg]n\mnZe * Bfpmlkf_ib bk8 :eqqm8--
bkclnrbabob`el,`lj-ba-`lkl`fbkal+bi+abob`el+s+b`lkljf^+`lkar`qr^i<, öiqfj^ `lkpriq^ ob^ifw^a^ bi 7 ab
pbmqfbj_ob0./2,

'& H l p ~  K ^ o f ^  ab  i ^ H ^ o ^  N,
Ciil `^j _fÇ `r^kal pb j l a fcf` Ç  i^ lm`fÇk qbk`f^ ^ sf^g^o bk ^sfÇk v* j}p _fbk* lmq^olk
mobabqbojfk^a^, ?elo^* ilp bjmib^alp pboÄ^k mloj^kbg^oprp^rqljÇsfibpmloi^od^pelo^p04, :
fkp`ofqlpbkbimi^k^ jbklpnrbbumobp^o^k pr r
fkqbk`fÇk ab kl e^`boil, J^ `^kqfa^a ab mbo+ Jlqo}df`l bp nrb bi kÉjbolab^``fabkqbp^r+ JS
O]
plk^p nrb pb fkp`of_fbolk bk bi mi^k ^rjbkqÇ qljlsfiÄpqf`lp pb fk`objbkqÇ ao^j}qf`^jbkqb T-<
5>
pfdkfcf`^qfs^jbkqbabi^ kl`eb^ i^j^Å^k^, mloi^ j^vloabj^ka^ ab i^p`^oobqbo^p,Wbiil BCPCAFM
qfbkb pbkqfal* mrbp j^kbg^o `^ool bp _^pq^kqb WCAMLMKò?
AMLBSARS?J
?pÄ*`r^kalilpqo^_^g^alobpqbkÄ^knrbab`fafo j}p ofbpdlpl nrbsf^g^obk ^sfÇk, Ck `lk`obql*
^`qfs^jbkqb&him)bg'i^p^cfif^`flkbpcrbolkjb+ bk ilppfdrfbkqbpqobp jbpbp^i ^q^nrbqboolofp+
klobp^ `r^kalqbkÄ^k nrb^`qr^om^o^abpsfk+ q^ pb molargbolk 13. jrboqbp mlo bk`fj^ abi
`ri^opbabi mi^k %him)hnm&* molj bafl, Llq^_ibj bkqb* af`el kÉj bol bp
j^vlo^i kÉjbolabm^p^gbolpvqofmri^`fÇk ab
Bb il^kqboflopb abpmobkab nrb `^j_f^o i^ lm+ ilp^sflkbpnrbjrofbolkbi.7-//,
`fÇk mobabqbojfk^a^ mrbab iibs^o ^ obpriq^alp
jrvafpqfkqlp,Cpqbmofk`fmfl*mlobgbjmil*mlaoÄ^ J^`lkar`q^abilp`fra^a^klpcobkqb^i^q^nrb
^mif`^opbbk i^ bi^_lo^`fÇk ab mliÄqf`^p mÉ_if`^p, `lkpqfqrvb rk bgbj mil sfsl ab il nrb ilp mpf+
Ckbpbpbkqfal*HlekplkvEliapbfkplpqfbkbknrb `liÇdf`lp `ldkfqfslp `lkl`bk `ljl pbpdl ab
jlafcf`^oi^lm`fÇk]^_Znem]^rkjb`^kfpjlhim) afpmlkf_fifa^a8 bpql bp* i^ pl_obbpqfj^`fÇk ab
bg^rklhim)hnm ^lilnrbbumif`^ i^afcbobk`f^bk ilpofbpdlpabpr`bplpnrbbpq}kj}pcobp`lpbk
ilpÄkaf`bpabalk^`fÇkabÇod^klpab m^Äpbppf+ prjbjlof^vi^pr_bpqfj^`fÇkab^nrbiilpnrb
jfi^obp`ljl?ibj^kf^&/0#'v?rpqof^&77,76#'03, m^ob`bk j}pibg^klp,

-) LZh\dYZY^hedc^W^a^YVY) Cpqbpbpdl`l_o^fjmloq^k`f^*mlobgbjmil*bki^


`lkqo^q^`fÇkabpbdrolp,Skbpqrafle^jlpqo^+
Ci // ab pbqfbj_ob abi 0../* Cpq^alp Skfalp alnrbi^pmboplk^pnrbe^kqbkfalbumbofbk`f^
prcofÇ bi ^q^nrb qboolofpq^ j}p qboof_ib ab pr ob`fbkqb`lk a^Ålp ab fkrka^`fÇk plk jr`el
efpqlof^,/7qboolofpq^pab?iO^ba^pb`rbpqo^olk j}p molmbkp^p ^ `l k qo^ q^ o pbdrolp `lkqo^
2^sflkbpvilpbpqobii^olk`lkqo^ i^pRloobpEb+ fkrka^`fÇknrbbiobpql05,Rbkbork^bumbofbk`f^
jbi^pbkLrbs^WlohvbiNbkq}dlklbkTfodfkf^, mobsf^ob`fbkqb`lkfkrka^`flkbpklfk`objbkq^
Jlp ^q^nrbp `l_o^olk rk qlq^i ab 0774 sfa^p biofbpdlabnrb biil pr`ba^ krbs^jbkqb mbol
erj^k^p*bkqobbpq^pi^pabilp044m^p^gbolpv i^p mboplk^p pl_obbpqfj^k af`el ofbpdl irbdl
qofmri^`fÇkabilp^sflkbp, abe^_boilbumbofjbkq^al,

?af`flk^ijbkqb*bi^q^nrb fjm^`qÇbk i^p mob+ .) LZh\dYZXdcigVhiZ)


cbobk`f^p ab qo^kpmloqb abi mrb_il kloqb^jb+
:
of`^kl,Aljlbumif`^ Efdbobkwbo*bk ilp jbpbp B^k?ofbivobi^q^i^efpqlof^ab`Çjl*k^sbd^kal ``
JS
pfdrfbkqbp ilp `fra^a^klp bpq^alrkfabkpbp mloGkqbokbq* bk`lkqoÇbipfdrfbkqb^krk`flab
`lj mobkpf_ibj bkqb buef_fbolk j^vlo obpfp+ prp`ofm`flkbpabi^ obsfpq^RebC`lkljfpq068
M

03, Aljl bumif`^k ilp ^rqlobp* bk ?ibj^kf^ rkl ab_b ab`fafo ^`qfs^jbkqb alk^o Çod^klp m^o^ ^cfif^opb ^ af`el
pfpqbj^9bk`^j_fl*bk?rpqof^*j}p_fbk*pbmobprjbnrbrklbpq}fkp`ofqlvab_bj}p_fbk j^o`^ork`^pfiibol
^af`flk^ibkbiclojri^oflm^o^p^ifopbabimoldo^j^abalk^`fÇkabÇod^klp,HMFLQML*Cof`vEMJBQRCGL*B^kfbi,
Bl]^_Zneml lho^ O_^l: *Ck8Q`fbk`b,Tli,1.0,0..1*mm, /116+/117,
04, EGECPCLXCP*Eboa, >k^Z] Lbld( M^im^f[^k C -( Zg] @ZmZe NkZ__b\ ;\\b]^gml *Ck8Npv`elildf`^iQ`fbk`b,Tli,/3,Lrj,
2,0..2*mm,064+065, AM
05, @PMULC*K^ohH,vFMWR*Pl_boqC, Na^ >^fZg] _hk @ehh] CglnkZg\^6 ?fibkb\Ze ?ob]^g\^ * Ck8Hlrok^i lcPfph^ka Ü
Sk`boq^fkqv,Tli,0.,Lrj,1,mm,07/+1.4, Ŧ
06, B^k ?ofbiv obi^q^ bpqb bgbjmil bk i^ pfdrfbkqb m}dfk^ tb_8 :eqqm8--a^k^ofbis,`lj-qeb+_llhp-bu`bomqba+colj+ &
O
`e^mqbo+/+#C0#6.#71+qeb+qorqe+^_lrq+obi^qfsfqs+0-<

N p v ` e l J ? U d v  K ^ m ^  m ^ o ^  ^ _ l d ^ a l p  bk pr s f ^ g b  ^i  f k q b o f l o  a b i  ` b o b _ o l  11
C`lkljfpq,`lj LN;L<KBIMBHGL Cuqo^Å^jbkqb*i^pmobcbobk`f^p`^j_f^olko^af+
`^ijbkqb,?pÄ*i^lm`fÇkm^o^^``babo^i^tb_v
ŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒ ĈČÅCÅĈC
P ZaXdb Zid
ŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒ ÈĈÇǼÁ RebC`lklj fpqQr_p`ofmqflkAbkqob
ob`f_foi^p obsfpq^pcÄpf`^p m^pÇabqbkbork62#
ŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒ AĐDÅCÂDD Nf`hqe b qvmbl cpr_p`ofmqflkvlrt ^ k qql _rv ab mobcbobk`f^ ^ qbkboq^k plil 10#9 jfbkqo^p
ÄÅC CÀÂ ŚÂÀĈCĈBÅÀD loobkbt,
DÀÅÂCÀÂ ŚĎÂÀĂCĈǼĈĀÊ nrb* i^ prp`ofm`fÇk tb_ m^pÇ abqbkbo rk^ jf+
Ü >Xdcdb^hi)Xdb hjWhXg^ei^dc) SQ"37,..
ČÂĈČǼÂ
M kb+vb^opr_p`ofmqflkql C`lkljfpq,`lj,
kloÄ^ab /4#^ rk^ j^vloÄ^ab46#,
AĈĈÆD  ÇĎD
Gk`irabplkifkb^``bppql ^ii^oqf`ibpcolj 
B ÇÆÂĎD Ś Á Ď
Na^ ?\hghfblmpfk`b/775,
ÁÅEÂÇDÅĈCD Ci bumbofj bkql ^ kqboflo obcibg^ bi pbpdl ab
Ü Ig^ci hjWhXg^ei^dc SQ"/03,..
M kb+vb^opr_p`ofmqflkql qebm ofk qbafqflk
`lkqo^pqb8 bpql bp* nrb krbpqo^ bs^ir^`fÇk ab
l c Na^ ?\hghfblm* i^p lm`flkbp bpq} drf^a^ mlo i^p ^iqbok^qfs^p
Ü Ig^ci " l ZW hjWhXg^ei^dc ( NL ,-0)++ afpmlkf_ibpvklplilmlobis^ilofkqoÄkpb`lab
M kb+vb^opr_p`ofmqflkql qebm ofk qbafqflk
l cR ebC`lkljfpq^kalkifkb^``bppql ^ii
af`e^p lm`flkbp, Cp mlo biil nrb ilp ^irjklp
^oqf`ibpcol j Na^ ?\hghfblmpfk`b/775, mbo`f_fbolk i^ prp`ofm`fÇk al_ib &tb_ )cÄpf`^'
`ljlj}p^qo^`qfs^`r^kali^sfbolk^ii^alab
rk^lm`fÇk fkÉqfi &^anrfofoplil i^sbopfÇkcÄpf`^
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

mlobijfpjl mob`fl',
J^ pbdrka^vqbo`bo^lm`fÇkabi ^krk`fl m^ob+
`bk buqo^Å^p, Qlil i^ sbopfÇk cÄpf`^ `rbpq^ SQ" Ci jbk`flk^al pbpdl fkcirvb bk i^ afp`rpfÇk
/03 v `ljmo^o ^j_lp qfmlp ab prp`ofm`flkbp pl_ob bi bpq}ka^o abi `lkprj falo o^wlk^_ib,
&afdfq^ivcÄpf`^'`rbpq^kq^j _f~k SQ" /03,åNlo zpqb jrbpqo^ nrb i^ mbo`bm`fÇk ab i^p mbopl+
nr~RebC`lkljfpqobd^i^oÄ^i^prp`ofm`fÇktb_ k^p ^i bibdfolm`flkbp+m l obgbjmil*lm`flkbp
mlobijfpjlmob`fl= ab `lkprj l+ kl pb _^p^ plil bk i^p lm`flkbp
jfpj^p*pfklnrbplk^cb`q^a^pq^j _f~k mlobi
N^o^bk`lkqo^oi^obpmrbpq^*?ofbivab`fafÇe^`bo `lkqbuqlvi^plm`flkbp`lkqo^pq^kqbp,
rkbumbofjbkql,JbjlpqoÇ^rkdormlab^irj+
klpab KGRi^ lcboq^v ibp mobdrkqÇ`r}i lcboq^ /) LZh\d YZ gZigdheZXi^kV
`ljmo^oÄ^k,Ci62#ab ilp^irjklplmqÇmloi^
lm`fÇk`lkgrkq^*vplilrk /4#ab`fafÇ^anrfofo Spqba ^`^_^ ab d^k^o i^ Rfkh^ v ab_b ab`fafo
Ékf`^jbkqb i^ sbopfÇk afdfq^i, Aljmobkpf_ib+ pf abmlpfq^obiafkbol bk rk^ `rbkq^ _^k`^of^*
jbkqbk^afbbp`ldfÇi^lm`fÇkabi jbafl, fksboqfoilldr^oa^oil_^glbi`li`eÇk,Jrbdlab
obcibuflk^opl_obi^ bpq^_fifa^a ab i^b`lkljÄ^
Jrbdl*?ofbivibjlpqoÇ^rkdormlabbpqraf^k+ mbor^k^ v ilp mol_ibj^p ab pbdrofa^a* cfk^i+
qbp afpqfkql rk ^krk`fl `lk plil alp mlpf_fif+ jbkqbab`fababmlpfq^obiafkbolbk rk_^k`l,
a^abp* bk bi nrb pb e^_Ä^ bifjfk^al i^ lm`fÇk
jbklp^qo^`qfs^, Ci ^krk`fl pbsbÄ^ ^idl `ljl åOr~m^p^oÄ^pfbk`fk`l^ÅlpbiCpq^almbor^kl
bpql8 bpq^qfw^o^ilpclkalpabi _^k`l=Ckobqolpmb`qf+
s^*i^ab`fpfÇkababmlpfq^obiafkbolbkrk_^k+
`l m^ob`boÄ^ abp^pqolp^, çBb_fÇ e^_bo obrkfal
^idl j}pab`lo^gbve^_bofksboqfalbiafkbol 
ÂĖÏÎÏÍĢIJJÕĖÏÍ LN;L<KBIMBHGL
Cpj}p*fk`irpler_fbo^pfalmobcbof_ibdr^oa^oil
ŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒ ĈČÅCÅĈC
ŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒ ÈĈÇǼÁ
P ZaXdbZ id _^glbi`li`eÇk,
RebC`lklj fpqQr_p`ofmqflkAbkqob
ŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒ AĐDÅCÂDD Nf`hqe b qvmbl cpr_p`ofmqflkvlrt ^ k qql _rv
ÄÅC CÀÂ ŚÂÀĈCĈBÅÀD loobkbt,
DÀ ÅÂC À ÂD ĎÂÀĂCĈǼĈĀÊ
Qfk bj_^odl* ^i aÄ^ ab elv* kl bufpqb kfkdrk^
ČÂĈČǼÂ Ü >Xdcdb^hi)Xdb hjWhXg^ei^dc) SQ"37,.. o^wÇkm^o^kl`ob^ork^`rbkq^ab^eloolp,Alk
;>PI = ;NO M /1/

M kb+vb^opr_p`ofmqflkql C`lkljfpq,`lj,
AĈĈÆD D ÇĎD
B ÇÆÂĎD D Á Ď
Gkbirabplkifkb^``bppql ^ii^oqf`ibpcolj  i^fkcloj^`fÇk`lki^nrb`rbkq^elv*m^ob`boÄ^
Na^ ?\hghfblmpfk`b/775,
ÁÅEÂÇDÅĈCD qlq^ij bkqbo^wlk^_iblmq^omlobp^lm`fÇk,
Ü Ig^ci " l ZW hjWhXg^ei^dc +SQ"/03,..
M kb+vb^opr_p`ofmqflkql qebmofk qb afqflk
l cR ebC`lklj fpq^kalkifkb^``bppql ^ii Jlnrbpr`bab*pfkbj_^odl*bpnrbcob`rbkqb+
^oqf`ibpcolj Na^ ?\hghfblmpfk`b/775,
jbkqb klp sbjlp l_ifd^alp ^grwd^o i^p ab`f+
pflkbpnrbqlj^olkqbo`bolp*`lkl`fbkalv^ bi

'( H l p ~  K ^ o Ä ^  ab i ^ H ^ o ^  N,
obpriq^al ab af`e^p ab`fpflkbp, Cpql mobpbkq^ bi ird^o v i^p `fo`rkpq^k`f^p bk i^p `r^ibp pb
rk mol_ibj ^ `ldkfqfsl9 v bp nrb* `ljl af`b qlj ^olk i^p ab`fpflkbp l pb abpmibd^olk i^p :
bi obco}k* abpmr~p ab i^ drboo^* qlalp pljlp `lkar`q^p1/,?pÄ* mlobgbjmil* bi^k}ifpfp abaf+ r
ifdbk`f^ ab rk `lkpqor`qlocobkqb ^ rk mlpf_ib 5>
dbkbo^ibp , AJ
er^v`l klqbkaoÄ^ mlonr~qlj ^obk `rbkq^ pf bk
5>
Ck bcb`ql* `r^kalv^ `lkl`bjlp bi cfk^i ab i^ bpnrbaf`elabp^pqobk^qro^icfk^ijbkqbpb`lk+ BCPCAFM
WCAMLMKG?
efpqlof^ bpafcÄ`fi abg^oab i^albp^ fkcloj^`fÇk `obqÇ, Ck qbloÄ^* bi bu^jbk ab i^ `lkar`q^ ab+ AMLBSARS?J

m^o^grwd^oi^pab`fpflkbpl`lkar`q^pnrbiib+ _boÄ^ob^ifw^opbbks^`Äl*pfkabg^opb`lkq^jfk^o
s^olk ^ bpb abpbki^`b, ?pÄ* bp afcÄ`fi `^ifcf`^o i^ mlobiabpbki^`babi bsbkql kfmloi^j^dkfqra
`lkar`q^abnrfbklmqÇmloabmlpfq^oprafkbol abilpa^Ålpnrbl`^pflkÇ,Qfkbj_^odl*`ljl
bk rk^ `rbkq^ ab ^eloolp pfk qlj ^o bk `lkpf+ `ljbkq}_^jlp*fdklo^obicfk^iabi^efpqlof^bp
abo^`fÇk nrbbp^ ab`fpfÇk iibsÇ^ nrbmboafbo^ rk^q^ob^afcÄ`fi,
qlalmloi^bpq^qfw^`fÇk _^k`^of^,
Aljl`lkpb`rbk`f^abil^kqboflo*i^`lkar`q^
J^ afcf`riq^aabob^ifw^ork ^k}ifpfp bks^`Äl ab abi ^dbkqb bp grwd^a^ `lk fkcloj ^`fÇk nrb
i^pab`fpflkbpabrkqbo`bol+pfkqlj^obk`rbkq^ ~pqb klqbkÄ^ ^i j lj bkqlabab`fafo, ?pÄ*bk bi
bi obpriq^al^i nrbbp^p ab`fpflkbp iibs^olk+bp bgbjmil^kqboflo*bi}o_fqolqbkaoÄ^nrbbs^ir^o
`lkl`fal`ljlpbpdlabobqolpmb`qfs^,R^j_f~k i^afifdbk`f^abimolmfbq^oflabi^l_o^`lkbi_b+
`lkl`fal`ljlbibcb`ql dg^pbmZeeZehg` (bpqb kbcf`flabp^_bobiabpbki^`b^inrbprab`fpfÇk
pbpdlafcf`riq^i^ob`ob^`fÇkabibpq^alabfk`bo+ iibsÇ &nrb cfk^ijbkqb pÄ er_l rk er^v`l', ?pÄ*
qfarj _obnrbmob`bafÇi^l`roobk`f^abibsbkql, bk obqolpmb`qfs^* ilp ^``fabkqbp mrbabk m^ob+
Ar^kalbpkb`bp^oflbkqbkaboilpbsbkqlpm^p^+ `boj}p mol_^_ibp ab ilnrbplk vilp^dbkqbp
alpq^iv`ljlcrbolkbumbofjbkq^alp*bipbpdl pbogrwd^alp ab j^kbo^ j}p ao}pqf`^ ^ il nrb
ab obqolpmb`qfs^prmlkbrk^ _^oobo^^ rk^bs^+ jbob`bk,
ir^`fÇk `lkqbjmlo}kb^* bk qfbjmlv ird^o* abi
jljbkqlbknrbi^ab`fpfÇkcrbqlj^a^07,Cipbo ?iobpmb`ql*IfjI^jfkvHbccobvP^`eifkphfob^if+
erj^klbu^dbo^i^mobaf`qf_fifa^aabrkpr`bpl w^olkrkbpqrafl`lkq^kal`lki^m^oqf`fm^`fÇk
`r^kalv^`lkl`bprabpbki^`b,?ibpq^o^iq^kql ab 51 bpqraf^kqbp ab i^ Skfsbopfa^a ab Qq^k+
abi obpriq^alabi bsbkql ^`qr^ifw^jlp krbpqo^p acloa, Ck ~pqb* ilp fksbpqfd^alobp obm^oqfbolk
`obbk`f^p v biil dbkbo^ nrb pl_obbpqfjbjlp i^pfdrfbkqbfkcloj^`fÇk ^i EormlabAlkqoli8
krbpqo^p`^m^`fa^abpmobaf`qfs^p1.,
^' J^`fra^a e^`lkpqorfalrk mrbkqb
Ckqlk`bp*i^`lkpb`rbk`f^afob`q^abbpqb^q^gl
jbkq^i bp nrb bi ^k}ifpfp ab nrfbk grwd^ pb^ _' Cpkb`bp^oflabqbojfk^opfbiofbpdlabfkrk+
afpqfkql^iabi^mboplk^nrbqlj Çi^ab`fpfÇkl a^`fÇkgrpqfcf`^`lkqo^q^o^rklmbo^aloabi ]H
fk`roofÇbki^`lkar`q^nrbbpq}pfbkalgrwd^a^, mrbkqb`ljlmob`^r`fÇk,zpqbjlkfqlob^oÄ^
Cpql obpriq^ bpmb`f^ijbkqb obibs^kqb m^o^ bi i^p `lkaf`flkbp `ifj}qf`^p v ibs^kq^oÄ^ bi
ifqfdfl^o_fqo^ivgraf`f^i, mrbkqb^kqbrk^^jbk^w^,
qZ
Ckbcb`ql*ilp}o_fqolpvgrb`bpqfbkbki^i^_loab Bblqoli^al*ilpbpqraf^kqbpabiEormlT^of^_ib
bs^ir^oi^p`lkar`q^pab^`rboal^ijljbkql* ob`f_fbolk ilppfdrfbkqbpa^qlp^af`flk^ibp8

07, PMCQC*LbfivTMFQ*I^qeibbk, Bbg]lb`am[bZl *Ck8Nbopmb`qfsbplkNpv`elildf`^iQ`fbk`b,Tli,5,Lrj,3,0./0*mm,


2//+204, ë
1., ESRFPGC*Aeofp9UGQRPGAF*?kaobt9v* P?AFJGLQIG*Hbccobv, Cglb]^Dn]b\bZeGbg] * Ck8Alokbii J^tPbsfbt,Tli,66, Ä
mm,555+577, M
M
1/, ?oqÄ`ril/10.abiAÇafdlAfsfi,+ ;\m{Z\hg\neiZe^o^jnb^ghfbm^Zjn^eeZ]beb`^g\bZhk]bgZkbZ^qb`b]ZihkeZgZmnkZe^sZ \
]^eZh[eb`Z\bzgrjn^\hkk^lihg]ZZeZl\bk\nglmZg\bZl]^eZli^klhgZl(]^emb^fihr]^een`Zk *

> [ ` L Q W ; 0 E P `  < J X J  X J Z J  J K W P J M W [  NV [] ^ R J S N  JT  R V \ N Z R W Z  M N T  L N Z N K Z W  13


^' J^`fra^aab`fafÇkl`lkqo^q^o^ilmbo^alo, ? mbp^o ab nrb ^ ^j_lp dormlp pb ib afl i^
jfpj^ fkcloj^`fÇkpl_obi^mlpf_fifa^aabrk^
_' Ck bi pfdrfbkqb fksfbokl* bi ^rj bkql abi fkrka^`fÇk* plil bi 02# abi Eorml ab Alkqoli
kfsbi abi oÄl `^rpÇ nrb bi mrbkqb pb abp+ `lk`irvÇ nrb pb ab_Ä^ qlj ^o mob`^r`flkbp
mobkafbo^, Cpql kl e^_oÄ^ pr`bafal pf bi jfbkqo^p nrb bi 35# ab ilp m^oqf`fm^kqbp abi
lmbo^aloer_fbo^pfal`lkqo^q^al, EormlT^of^_ibabqboj fkÇnrbbi^``fabkqbbo^
mobsfpf_ib,
`' J^fkrka^`fÇka^ÅÇbikbdl`flabrkm^k^+
abol*nrfbk e^abj^ka^al^ i^`fra^a, ?pÄ* `r^kal ilpbkqobsfpq^alp `lk fkcloj^`fÇk
pl_obbi abpbki^`babibsbkqlqbkafbolk^ bs^+
åCi^i`^iabqlj Çrk^ab`fpfÇk kbdifdbkqb=åCo^ ir^oi^l`roobk`f^abaf`elcfk^i`ljlj}pmol+
mobsfpf_ib nrb l`roofbo^ bi abp_loab abi oÄl= _^_ib,Cpj}p*^idrklpfk`irplab`i^o^olknrbi^
åBb_fÇ p^_boil= Cpq^p plk ^idrk^p ab i^p mob+ fkrka^`fÇkbo^q^k mobsfpf_ibnrbbi jrkf`fmfl
drkq^p nrb rk grbw pb mi^kqb^oÄ^ ^i obsfp^o i^ crbkbdifdbkqb^ikl`lkqo^q^o^ilmbo^alo,
abj^ka^abi m^k^abol,
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

Cpql abjrbpqo^ nrb bi `lkl`fj fbkql abi cfk^i


LÇqbpb nrb af`el grbw `rbkq^ `lk rk^ fj + abi^efpqlof^fkcirvbbkbi^k}ifpfpabafifdbk`f^,
mloq^kqb sbkq^g^8 qfbkb fkcloj ^`fÇk pl_ob i^ Ci pbpdlabobqolpmb`qfs^^cb`q^af`e^abqboj f+
`lkpb`rbk`f^ ab i^ `lkar`q^ abi abj^ka^al, k^`fÇkv*`ljlfkaf`^kilp^rqlobp* ng ^l_n^ksh
Alkl`bnrbi^piirsf^pl`^pflk^olkrkabp_loab ]^ [n^gZ _^ iZkZ ]^m^kfbgZk ^e gbo^e kZshgZ[e^ ]^
vdbkbo^olka^Ålp^i^`^p^abim^k^abol,Aljl ik^\Zn\bzg ^g ikhli^\mboZ( in^]^ k^\b[bk ng cnb\bh
pbsbbkbipfdrfbkqbaf^do^j^*bi^i`^iabklqrsl ]kvlmb\h \nZg]h ^l oblmh ^g k^mkhli^\mboZ /.*
af`e^fkcloj^`fÇk^prafpmlpf`fÇk^ij ljbkql
abab`fafopf ab_Ä^ fksboqfobk rk obsbpqfjfbkql 0) :cXaV_Z)
abi mrbkqb*sbodo}cf`l^mfbabm}dfk^,
å?nr~ba^a jrofÇ K^e^qj^E^kaef=åCk nr~
Ckbibgbjmil*biabp_loababioÄlklqbkaoÄ^mlo ^Ålk^`fÇJblk^oalB^Tfk^=åAr}kalsfpfqÇ?i+
nr~cloj^om^oqbabi^k}ifpfpabobpmlkp^_fifa^a _boqCfkpqbfkCpq^alpSkfalpmlomofjbo^sbw=11
abi^`lkar`q^abi^i`^iab,Cpq^ab_boÄ^pbobs^+
ir^a^^i^irwabi^p`fo`rkpq^k`f^pbki^p`r^ibp Aljl fkaf`^k Qqo^`h v Krpptbfibo* ml`^p mbo+
qlj Ç i^ ab`fpfÇk8`lk fk`boqfarj _obab ilnrb plk^p qfbkbk rk^ obpmrbpq^ abcfkfqfs^ ^ bpq^p
pr`baboÄ^ abpmr~p* pfk p^_bo i^ `lkpb`rbk`f^, mobdrkq^pmbolbiilklfjmfabnrbpb^sbkqrobk
Qfk bj_^odl* ilp obpriq^alp jlpqo^olk nrb bi ^ `lkqbpq^o12, J^pclqlpabEe^kaf obcibg^k ^ rk
`lkl`fj fbkqlabi abpbki^`babi bsbkql &grf`fl ^k`f^kl^oord^al*mloilnrbbpo^wlk^_ibfkqrfo
^q ihlm& `lkq^j fkÇ bi ^k}ifpfp ^q Zgm^ ab ilp nrbqbkÄ^ mloiljbklp5.^Ålp`r^kaljrofÇ,
m^oqf`fm^kqbp, B^Tfk`fcrb`lkqbjmlo}kbl^Kfdrbiókdbi*mlo

Ci^_lo^`fÇkmolmf^,
;>PI = ;NO M /1/

10, I?KGL* Ifj v P?AFJGLQIG* Hbccobv, ?q ihlm(  ?q ;gm^6 ]^m^kfbgbg` ebZ[bebmr bg abg]lb`am * Ck8 J^t ^ka Frj^k
@be^sflo,Tli,/7,Lrj,/,/773*mm,67+/.2,

11, B^Tfk`fk^`fÇbk /230*Ee^kafjrofÇ^ilp56^ÅlpvCfkpqbfksfpfqÇCpq^alpSkfalpmlomofjbo^sbwbk /70/,

12, QRP?AI* Dofqw v KSQQUCGJCP* Relj^p, ?qieZbgbg` ma^ ^gb`fZmb\ Zg\ahkbg` ^__^\m6 f^\aZgblfl h _ l^e^\mbo^
Z\\^llb[bebmr *Ck8Hlrok^ilcNboplk^ifqv^kaQl`f^iNpv`elildv,Tli,51,Lrj,1,/775*mm,215+224,

14 9 W [ d  < J Z e J  M N  T J  9 J Z J  >"
ilnrbab_fÇk^`bobkbiPbk^`fjfbkql*irbdlabi fkprcf`fbkqb,CmibvvEfilsf`eil`lkcfoj^kbkilp
QfdilVGT,Dfk^ijbkqb*bp`lkl`falnrbi^ sfpfq^  pfdrfbkqbpq~ojfklp8 %
abCfkpqbfk^ Cpq^alp Skfalpcrbj}p _fbk rk^ r
erfa^ abi k^wfpjl* ilnrbpfdkfcf`^nrbbisf^gb Cg paZmr^hkphlA^hk`^ QZlabg`mhg^e^\) 5>
M,
pbafl^iobabaloabilp^Ålp1., m^]Jk^lb]^gm:QaZmbl ma^_k^^sbg`ihbgmh _ 58
ǼĐ
oh]dZ:%***& Nh Zglp^kjn^lmbhgl ebd^ ma^l^( BCPCAFM
Ck sbwab fksboqfoqfbj ml bk fkqbkq^o ob`loa^o bg hma^kphk]l( i^hie^ fZrlihgmZg^hnler WCAMLMKG?
AMLBSARS?J
i^p`i^pbpabefpqlof^* ilpa^qlp 5.^Ålp * Qfdil Zg\ahkhgbg_hkfZmbhgmaZmk^Z]ber\hf^lmh
VGT v /71. plkmol`bp^alp`ljlobcbobk`f^p^ fbg]Zg]Z]cnlmma^bkk^lihgl^lbgZ]bk^\mbhg
m^oqfoabi^p`r^ibpabqbojfk^jlprk^obpmrbpq^ maZml^^fl ZiikhikbZm^ %***&* ;emahn`a mabl
cfk^i, Cpqb mol`bafjfbkql bp`lkl`fal`ljl i^ a^nkblmb\blh_m^ga^ei_ne(Z]cnlmf^gmlm^g]mh
ebroÄpqf`^ ab ^k`i^gb+^grpqb, Ci ^k`i^gb c^`fifq^ [^bgln__b\b^gm(e^Zobg`i^hie^$l_bgZe^lmbfZ)
bi mol`bafj fbkql ab qlj ^ ab ab`fpflkbp, Ck m^l[bZl^]mhpZk]ma^bgbmbZeZg\ahkoZenw 13*
pfjmib*bpi^qbkabk`f^erj^k^abbpq^_ib`bork
mrkqlabobcbobk`f^vob^ifw^o`ljm^o^`flkbp^ Bbbpq^ j^kbo^*i^ ebroÄpqf`^ ab^k`i^gb+^grpqb
m^oqfoabbpqbm^o^ mlabobpqfj^orks^ilo, bpq}^pl`f^a^^i^`lkcf^kw^buqobj^bkbis^ilo
fkf`f^i*ilnrbiibs^^rk^obpmrbpq^cfk^ipbpd^a^,
Jlpbpqraflpobcibg^knrbi^ebroÄpqf`^ab^k`i^gb+
^grpqbbprqfifw^a^ m^o^obplisbork^pbofbabmol+ Ck^qbk`fÇk^il^kqboflo*bkbibpqraflabQqo^`h
_ibj^pabbpqfj^`fÇk,Nlobgbjmil*pbe^prdbofal v Krpptbfibo`ljbkq^al ^i fkf`fl ab bpq^ pb`+
nrbm^o^obpmlkabomobdrkq^ppfjfi^obp^ å`Çjl `fÇk* i^ bpqfj^`fÇkpl_obbi^Ålabk^`fjfbkql
pb`ljm^o^qre^_fifa^a^isli^kqb^i^abqrp`l+ abB^Tfk`fcrbj}p^iq^`r^kalilpm^oqf`fm^k+
ibd^p=  i^p mboplk^p rqfifw^k pr molmf^ e^_fifa^a qbpob`f_fbolkbi^Ål/321`ljlobcbobkqbvj}p
`ljl mrkqlabobcbobk`f^virbdl^grpq^kaf`e^ _^g^`r^kalbimrkqlablofdbkcrb/2/.,Cijfp+
^k`i^m^o^bs^ir^oi^abpqobw^abilpabj}p13, jlbcb`qlpbobmfqfÇ`lki^bpqfj^`fÇkobpmb`ql
^ i^ba^aabEe^kafv^ i^sfpfq^abCfkpqbfk16,
Ck ilp `^plp jbk`flk^alp* bi mrkql fkf`f^i ab
obcbobk`f^^ifdbo^bibpcrbowl`ldkfqfsl^iobar`fo J^fksbpqfd^`fÇkjbk`flk^a^jrbpqo^*^abj}p*
i^plm`flkbpnrbab_bkpbobs^ir^a^p,Cpq^bpi^ nrbbi^k`i^gbklplilpbmolar`b`r^kalbifkaf+
jfpj^crk`fÇkabi^p^k`i^p8abifj fq^kbio^afl sfarlabqbojfk^mlopÄplilbis^iloobcbobk`f^i*
ab j lsfj fbkql ab i^ k^sbvbsfq^k nrb pbsb^ pfklq^j _f~k`r^kalbpqbbpq}`lkqbkfalbki^
^oo^pqo^a^mloi^`loofbkqb,?pÄ*bpq^abj^o`^`fÇk mobdrkq^, Aljl fkaf`^k Rsbopv v I^ekbj^k*
`l^kfqfs^ mboj fqbabp`^oq^o ilp s^ilobp nrb pb ^eoZehkbgb\bZe( hingmh]^k^_^k^g\bZ(in^]^l^k
^ibg^kabj^pf^alabi obcbobkqblofdfk^i14,5 1 ln`^kb]hihkeZikhibZ_hkfneZ\bzg]^eikh[e^fZ
hl^kngk^lnemZ]h]^ngZ\hfinmZ\bzgiZk\bZe /5*
:
Qfk bj_^odl* bpqb jb`^kfpjl ab pfj mifcf`^+ ``
>G
`fÇk q^j _f~k qfbkb rk ^pmb`ql kbd^qfsl9 v bp Bb il ^kqboflopb abofs^ nrb bi fkqboold^alobp
nrb* bi ^grpqbnrb ^mif`^jlp^i ^k`i^ prbib pbo `^m^w ab ^k`i^o i^p bpqfj^`flkbp ab pr fkqbo+

%$ 

<
:
13, AF?NK?L*Eobq`ebkvHMFLQML*Cof`, bg\hkihkZmbg`ma^bkk^e^oZgm6Zg\ahklbgcn]`^f^gmlh_[^eb^_Zg]oZenw *Ck8 X
X'
EGJMTGAF*Relj^p9EPGDDGL*B^ib9vI?FLCK?L*B^kfbi&Cafqlobp',B^nkblmb\lZg]<bZl^l*Na^ilr\aheh`rh_bgmnbmbo^
cn]`^f^gm*LbtWloh8A^j_ofadbSkfsbopfqvNobpp*0..0*m,/0.,

14, BP?EM* K^ofl v BC J? H?P?* Hlp~ K^oÄ^, Dnlmb\bZbgmnbmboZ6_Z\mhk^liZkZ^gm^g]^kZecn^s(l^kfvli^klnZlbohlr ')
k^o^kmbkf^]b]Zl\Znm^eZk^l (Ulohfkdm^mbo, ê
&l
15, CNJCW* Lf`eli^p v EGJMTGAF* Relj^p, Jnmmbg` Z]cnlmf^gm[Z\dbg ma^Zg\ahkbg` Zg]Z]cnlmf^gma^nkblmb\ * Ck8 å
Npv`elildf`^iQ`fbk`b,Tli,/0,Lrj,3,0../*mm,17/+174, \

16, QRP?AI*DofqwvKSQQUCGJCP*Relj^p,Ii*=bm*(mm,215+224, á
Ċ
17, RTCPQIW*?jlpvI?FLCK?L*B^kfbi,Ii*=bm*(m,//06,

> [ ` L Q W ; 0 E P `  < J X J  X J Z J  J K W P J M W [  NV [] ^ R J S N  JT  R V \ N Z R W Z  M N T  L N Z N K Z W  '+


il `r ql o fk`irvbkal rk s^ilo krj ~of`l bk bi ?pfjfpjl* bi ^k`i^gb q^j _f~k bp molmbkpl ^
mi^kqb^jfbkqlabi mol_ibj^, Ciilpfdkfcf`^ nrb afpqlopflk^o ilp mol`bplp ab obpmlkp^_fifa^a
bigrbwq^j_f~kmlaoÄ^sbopbfkcirbk`f^almloi^ ` fs fi20, Nlo bgbj mil* i^ bpqfj ^`fÇk ab a^Ålp
fjmi^kq^`fÇkabrks^ilokrj~of`l, mlaoÄ^ sbopb ^oo^pqo^a^ m lo i^ `r^kqÄ^ abi
mbqfqlofl,
Bb ^`rboal ^ il fkaf`^al* i^ ^`rp^`fÇk abi
ĜĢIJĖËÌ IJÏ ÌĢĖĢJË Î Ę Ï ĴÎË ĖÏ Î Ę F Î Ë Ę FJF ĮÍ ĢÎ ËĘ Ë ?i obpmb`ql* K ^ilrccv Q`erqqb iibs^olk ^ `^_l
&mlobgbjmil* 0. ^Ålp ab mbk^ mofs^qfs^ ab i^ rk bumbofj bkql m^o^ j bafo i^ obpmrbpq^ ab
if_boq^a' mlaoÄ^ fk cirfo i^ abqboj fk^`fÇk ab i^ ilp m^oqf`fm^kqbp ^ afpqfkqlp mbqfqloflp bk rk
mbk^ mlo m^oqb abi grbw, Bb eb`el* Ckdif`e v `^pl ab obpmlkp^_fifa^a `fsfi mlo a^Ålp, Gobkb
Krpptbfibo bk`lkqo^olk bsfabk`f^ nrb biil pÄ K}onrbw*rk^pbÅlo^ab54^Ålp*e^_Ä^prcofal
bp^pÄ, ibpflkbpdo^sbp^i`^bopb,J^bjmobp^abj^ka^+
a^ ^aj fqfÇ pr kbdifdbk`f^ bk `ob^o rk^ `lkaf+
Jlpjbk`flk^alp^rqlobp`lkargbolk rkbpqr+ `fÇk mbifdolp^ v^`bmqÇ i^ obpmlkp^_fifa^a, Jlp
afl`lk i^ m^oqf`fm^`fÇkab /7grb`bp^ibj^kbp obpriq^alp jlpqo^olk i^ fkcirbk`f^ abi mbafal
P bsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^ `riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

ab pbdrka^ fkpq^k`f^ &/3 elj_obp* 2 jrgbobp9 ab a^Ålp, ?pÄ* `r^kal bi mbafal crb ab SQ"
`lk rk moljbafl ab bumbofbk`f^ ab /3 ^Ålp', /..*...,..*bigro^allqlodÇ SQ" 7.*...,..9bk
Jlp j^dfpqo^alp crbolk a fpqof_ rfal p ^ib^ql+ `^j_fl*`r^kalbi^_ld^alabi^abj^ka^kqb
of^jbkqb bk alp `lkaf`flkbp bumbofjbkq^ibp plif`fqÇ SQ" 3..*...,..* i^ pbkqbk`f^ moljbafl
afpqfkq^p,?j_lpdormlp^k^ifw^olk ilpjfpjlp crbabSQ" 1..*...,..21,
eb`elp*p^islmloi^ mbk^plif`fq^a^mlobicfp`^i
&/0jbpbp912jbpbp',J^afcbobk`f^abmoljbafl LÇqbpb^abj}pnrbbiob`bmqloklpfbjmob^k^+
bki^ppbkqbk`f^pabrklvlqoldormlcrbab`^pf ifw^ i^ o^wlk^_fifa^a ab `lkpfabo^obi s^ilo pr+
6jbpbp2.*ilnrbfkpfkÉ^nrbbimbafalabicfp`^i dbofal`ljlrk^k`i^9pfjmibjbkqbilrqfifw^22,
^k`iÇi^ab`fpfÇkabilpgrb`bp2%, Aljlfkaf`^k KrpptbfibovQqo^`h*fk`irplpf bi

2., CLEJGAF* @foqb v KSQQUCGJCP*Relj^p, M^gm^g\bg` ng]^kng\^kmZbgmr6Zg\ahkbg` ^__^\ml bg ma^\hnkmkhhf * Ck8
Hlrok^il c?mmifbaQl`f^iNpv`elildv,Tli,1/,Lrj,5,0../*m,/32.,

2/, J^p`lk`irpflkbpabbpqbbpqrafl`lfk`fabk`lkbi^k}ifpfpab333pbkqbk`f^pmbk^ibpabi^AloqbQrmboflovabi^
AloqbAofjfk^i abi^ PbdfÇk?rqÇklj^abE^if`f^*bkqob /76.v /773* ob^ifw^a^ mloD^ofÅ^*?o`bv Llsl, D?PG{?*
Do^k`fp`^9?PAC*P^jÇk9v*LMTM*Kbo`babp, ;g\ahkbg`cn]b\bZe]^\blbzgfZdbg` * Ck8Npv`elildvfk Qm^fk,Tli,5,
Lrj,/,0..1*mm,34+43,
20, N^o^j}pfkcloj^`fÇkpl_obi^^mif`^`fÇkabi^k`i^gbbk`^plpabobpmlkp^_fifa^a`fsfi*sbo8BCJ?H?P?*Hlp~K^oÄ^,
=hg]^gZ]hihkbgmnb\bzg6^e\^k^[kh]^ecn^s^geZ]^m^kfbgZ\bzg]^e]Zyhr]^e_Z\mhk]^Zmkb[n\bzg *Ck8DlopbqfLÖ0,
Bfpmlkf_ibbk8:eqqm8--ttt,clopbqf,mb-pfqbp-abc^riq-cfibp-/2 çlpb j^of^ ab i^ ç^o^ sc,mac<,

21, K?JMSDD* Hlek v QFSRRC* Lf`li^, MaZibg`cnkhkZmmbmn]^l6 ^__^\ml h _k^jn^lmbg` ]b__^k^gm ]ZfZ`^ Zfhngml bg
i^klhgZebgcnkrmkbvbl *Bfpmlkf_ibbk8:eqqm8--cfibp,bof`,ba,^ls-criiqbuq-CB060/30,mac<,öiqfj^`lkpriq^ob^ifw^a^bi
6abpbmqfbj_obab0./2,

22, N^o^ mol_^o bpqb mrkql* ?jlpRsbophv v B^kfbi I^ekbj^k abp^oolii^olk rk bumbofjbkql abpqfk^al ^ nrb ilp
m^oqf`fm^kqbp bpqfjbk bi mlo`bkq^gb ab m^Äpbp ^cof`^klp nrb cloj^_^k m^oqb ab i^p L^`flkbp Skfa^p bk bpb
jljbkql,
Jlp^rqlobpdfo^olk rk^ oribq^ &`lks^ilobpabi.^i /..' bk mobpbk`f^ ab ilp m^oqf`fm^kqbpv irbdl ibp mfafbolk*
mofjbol*nrbabqbojfk^o^kpfi^molmlo`fÇkabm^Äpbp^cof`^klpbo^j}p^iq^lj}p_^g^nrbbis^ilo^pfdk^albki^
;>PI = ;NO M /1/

oribq^v*irbdl*nrbobpmlkafbolk`lkbimlo`bkq^gbnrbbiilpbpqfj^_^kbo^bi`loob`ql,

J^ obpmrbpq^ jbaf^ abi dorml^i nrbpb ib^pfdkÇbi kÉjbol 03 crbnrb rk /.#ab ilp m^Äpbp jfbj_olpab i^p
L^`flkbpSkfa^pmolsfbkbkabócof`^9jfbkqo^pnrbnrfbkbpob`f_fbolkbikÉjbol43`ljl^k`i^*bpqfj^olknrb
i^obpmrbpq^bo^23, Ckabcfkfqfs^*ilpobpriq^alpjlpqo^olknrbbis^ilo^pfdk^al^o_fqo^of^jbkqb^idfo^oi^oribq^*
mloj}p^_proalnrbcrbo^* fkcirvÇabj^kbo^abqbojfk^kqbbk i^p bpqfj^`flkbpabilp m^oqf`fm^kqbp,RTCPQIW*
?jlpvI?FLCK?L*B^kfbi,Ii*=bm*(m, //06,

16 H l p ~  K ^ o f ^  ab  i ^ H ^ o ^  N,
s^ilofkf`f^ibp^_proal*bpqbqfbkbi^`^m^`fa^a i^al i^pe^ ob`lkl`falbk `fo`rkpq^k`f^pbpmb+
abfkcirfobk krbpqo^pbpqfj^`flkbp23, `f^ibp&`oÄjbkbpm^pflk^ibpvablafl*eljf`fafl :
bk bpq^al mrbombo^i* a^Ål jlo^i* bq`,' mbol* ^ o
i^ jfpj^ sbw* bpmbo^ nrb ilp grb`bp* }o_fqolp ǼĐ
Jl ^kqboflo e^ a^al mfb ^ rk^ pbofbab fksbpqf+ O,
d^`flkbp nrb iibs^k bi ^k`i^ ^i buqobjl m^o^ v `lkprjfalobp abgbk ab i^al il nrb pfbkqbk i-<
ǼĐ
mlkbo ^ morb_^ prp bcb`qlp bk i^p ab`fpflkbp m^o^ab`fafo, BCPCAFM
WCAMLMKG?
graf`f^ibp,Qf _fbke^vbpqraflpnrbfkaf`^knrb AMLBSARS?J
bufpqfoÄ^rkbcb`ql_lljbo^kd`r^kali^`r^kqÄ^ ?`lkqfkr^`fÇkobsfp^objlp^idrk^ppfqr^`flkbp
abimbqfqloflbp^_proa^jbkqb^iq^24*i^j^vloÄ^ bk i^p nrb i^p bjl`flkbp fkcirvbk bk i^p ab`f+
abfksbpqfd^`flkbp^mrkq^^nrbofdbbimofk`fmfl pflkbp ibd^ibp,
ab mfabj}pvob`f_fo}pj}p25,
,) Bc[ajZcX^VZc aV egd[jcY^YVYYZ
BO) =><BLBHG>L?KÅ:LR<:EB>GM>L5E: egdXZhVb^ZcidYZ^c[dgbVX^vc)
BG?EN>G<B:=>E:L>FH<BHG>L
Ckbijrkalmofj fqfsl*i^fo^abipboerj^klkl
Ciiflqcrbrk m^`fbkqbab?kqlkflB^j^pflnrb bo^ `^rp^a^ mlo i^ sbil`fa^a ab fkqbokbql mlo
prcofÇrk^ibpfÇkbkbiiÇ_rilcolkq^iabi`bob_ol, bi`^q}ildlifj fq^alabLbqcifu,Cielj_obabi^p
Nlo bgbjmil* m^o^ ab`fafo aÇkab `ljbo Ciiflq `^sbok^pbpq^_^mboj^kbkqbjbkqbbkcobkq^al
obsfp^_^ bp`ormrilp^jbkqb bi jbkÉ ab `^a^ ^^jbk^w^pm^o^bk`lkqo^o^ifjbkql*dr^ofa^v
obpq^ro^kq* aÇkab pb pbkq^oÄ^* i^ firjfk^`fÇk v bpq^_fifa^a,
j^kbg^_^^`^a^bpq^_ib`fjfbkqlm^o^sbofcf`^o
nr~q^kiibklbpq^_^,Qf_fbkpr`lbcf`fbkqbfkqb+ Bf`e^p`fo`rkpq^k`f^p^asbop^pkl iblqlod^_^k
ib`qr^ie^_Ä^mboj^kb`falfkq^`ql*CiiflqqbkÄ^i^ bi irgl ab ara^o, Sk^ abjlo^ ab ml`lp pbdrk+
sfa^ bjl`flk^i ab rk j^kfnrÄ,Qfk bjl`flkbp alp mlaÄ^ qbkbo rk fjm^`ql molcrkal bk prp
bo^fk`^m^wabqlj ^oab`fpflkbp26, mol_^_fifa^abpabpl_obsfsfo,Qfabp^m^ob`Ä^kprp
molsfpflkbpvsbÄ^ ^ rk buqo^Ål `bo`^* kl mlaÄ^
Lloj^ijbkqbi^pbjl`flkbpplk^pl`f^a^p^ab+ fkqbkq^obkq^_i^o rk^ `lksbop^`fÇk ^jfpqlp^ kf
`fpflkbpfjmripfs^pbfoo^`flk^ibp,Lll_pq^kqb* bpmbo^o^i^`lkpqfqr`fÇkabrkqof_rk^im^o^nrb
i^ bpmb`fb erj^k^ kl mlaoÄ^ e^_bopl_obsfsl ab`fafbo^ i^ afpmrq^ ab molmfba^a, J^ c^iq^ ab
pfk bii^p,Qfk i^ `^m^`fa^a ab pbkqfo* bi elj_ob fkpqfqr`flk^ifa^a&obdi^pabmolmfba^a*obpmlkp^+
ab i^p `^sbok^p pb e^_oÄ^ nrba^al m^o^ifw^al _fifa^avrkpfpqbj^abobplir`fÇkabafpmrq^p'il
cobkqb^`r^inrfbo^jbk^w^9klbkcobkq^al^rk bjmrg^_^k^ab`fafoo}mfa^jbkqbpfs^iÄ^i^mbk^
qfdobafbkqbabp^_ibp*kle^_oÄ^mlafalab`fafo bgbo`bogrpqf`f^mloprpmolmf^pj^klp,
lmloqrk^j bkqbpfbkcobkq^oillerfo,
Flvbk aÄ^ klp jlibpq^jlp mlo^prkqlpqofsf^+
Nbpb^prfjmloq^k`f^*biBbob`ele^^almq^al ibp,Nbpb^biil*i^fo^pfdrbqbkfbkalilpjfpjlp
rkbpq}ka^oal_ibcobkqb^i^pbjl`flkbp,Nlork bcb`qlp nrb e^`b jfiilkbp ab ^Ålp bk krbpqo^

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL Z
á
23, Mkbh _ ma^ fhlm k^fZkdZ[e^ _bg]bg` hg cn]`f^gmZe Zg\ahkbg` bl mahm ^o^k ^qmk^f^er bfieZnlb[e^ Zg\ahk oZe{^l maZm
\e^Zker ]h ghm \hglmbmnm^ Z ihllb[e^ oZenw _hk ma^ mZk`^mikh]n\^ Z lmkhg` Zg] k^ebZ[e^ ZllbfbeZmbhg ^__^\m *KSQQUCGJCP*
Relj^p v QRP?AI* Dofqw, =hglb]^kbg` ma^ bfihllb[e^6 ^qieZbgbg` ma^ ^__^\ml h _ bfieZnlb[e^ Zg\ahkl * Ck8 Ql`f^i
Aldkfqflk,Tli,/7Lrj,0,0../*m, /24,

24, K?PRG* KliifbvUGQQJCP* Plppbiib, <^ \Zk^_ne p aZmrhn Zld _hk6 Na^ ^__^\m h _ Zg\ahkl hg i^klhgZe)bgcnkr ]ZfZ`^l
ZpZk]l *Ck8Hlrok^il cCumbofjbkq^iNpv`elildv8?mmifba,Tli,4,Lrj,0,0...*mm,7/+/.1, 30
A-'
25, Nlobgbjmil*Ae^mj^kv@lokpqbfkabp`r_ofbolknrbilpgro^alpbo^kmolmbkplp^lqlod^oa^Ålpjr`elj}p^iqlp \
`r^kalbi mbqfqlofl^p`bkaÄ^^ SQ" /%...*...,..* jlkqldolpbo^jbkqb^iql,AF?NK?L*Eobq`ebk v@MPLQRCGL* \
@of^k, Na^ fhk^rhn Zld( ma^ fhk^rhn `^m6 Zg\ahkbg` bg i^klhgZe bgcnkr o^k]b\ml *Ck8?mmifbaAldkfqfsbNpv`elildv, O
Tli,/.,/774*mm,3/7+32., <
O
26, B?K?QGM*?kqlkfl,>^l\Zkm^l$^kkhk6 ^fhmbhg( k^Zlhg Zg] ma^ anfZg [kZbg*LbtWloh8?slk*/772*m,1, \

N p v ` e l J ? U d v  K ^ m ^  m ^ o ^  ^ _ l d ^ a l p  bk pr s f ^ g b  ^i  f k q b o f l o  a b i  ` b o b _ o l  17
`^m^`fa^aabmol`bp^ofkcloj^`fÇk*krbpqo^mob+ fkcloj^`fÇk pl_ob i^ fabkqfa^a abi prgbql &rk
afpmlpf`fÇk ^ ^`qr^ovbk rk^ j^vlo`lkcf^kw^ ^qibq^'`ljlfkaf`^aloabnrb~pqbbo^ fk`^m^w
bk i^p`lo^wlk^a^p, vj}pmolmbkpl^ e^`boqo^jm^bk rkbu^jbk,
Bf`e^efmÇqbpfppb`rjmifÇ*`ljljrbpqo^k ilp
Bf`e^p`^o^`qboÄpqf`^pcrbolk mrbpq^p^ morb_^ obpriq^alp^`lkqfkr^`fÇk8
bkrkbpqraflob^ifw^almloE^ibk@labke^rpbk
`lk i^ `li^_lo^`fÇk ab /13 bpqraf^kqbpabNpf+ 3/F
`lildÄ^, Ck~pqb*pb_rp`Ç fabkqfcf`^opf i^ fo^ab
ilpm^oqf`fm^kqbpilpiibs^oÄ^^ _^p^oprab`fpfÇk
bk mobgrf`flpbk j^vlojbafa^nrbilpdormlp
ab`lkqoli,Cibpqraflpbob^ifwÇab^`rboal^i^p
pfdrfbkqbp`^o^`qboÄpqf`^p8

^' Jlp m^oqf`fm^kqbp ab_Ä^k ^`qr^o `ljl pf


crbo^kjfbj_olpabi^grkq^afp`fmifk^of^ab
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B b ob `e l  ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

i^rkfsbopfa^avab`fafopfrk^irjkle^_Ä^
eb`elqo^jm^bk rkbu^jbk, ?LEPW Q?B LCSRP?J

_' CufpqÄ^kqobpafpqfkq^ps^of^_ibpabbjl`fl+ ? m^oqfoab il^kqboflo* ilp^rqlobp`lk`irvbolk


kbp&fo^*qofpqbvkbrqo^ifa^a'valp`lkaf`fl+ nrb i^ fo^ bpq} ^pl`f^a^ ^ j^vlo rpl ab ^q^glp
kbp&`lk mobgrf`flp- pfk mobgrf`flp',Cpqlbp jbkq^ibp bk i^p ab`fpflkbp* `lj l bi rpl ab
`lkl`fal`ljlrk^bpqor`qro^1u0, mobgrf`flp27,

`' Jlpqbuqlpnrbob`f_Ä^ `^a^dormlbpq^_^k Bf`elp obpriq^olk dbkbo^k rk^ krbs^ kb`b+


afpbÅ^alp m^o^ molar`fo i^ bjl`fÇk bpmb+ pfa^a m^o^ ilp ^_ld^alp8 ob`lkl`bo bi bpq^al
`Äcf`^&fo^*qofpqbw^vkbrqo^ifa^a', bjl`flk^iabi^^rafbk`f^,W^pb^nrbbpqbjlp
_rp`^kal mbopr^afo ^ rk }o_fqol* rk grbw* rk
a' ?abj}p*`^a^dormlbjl`flk^ibpq^_^pb+ `lkprj falo l rk `fra^a^kl* `lkl`bo pr bp+
m^o^alpbkalp`lkaf`flkbp&`lkmobgrf`flp q^al bjl`flk^i klp mboj fqb fabkqfcf`^o `Çjl
- pfkmobgrf`flp',Cki^`lkaf`fÇkmobgrf`flp^* bk`r^ao^okrbpqoljbkp^gb,Nlobgbjmil*pfbpq}
ilp m^oqf`fm^kqbp ob`f_fbolk rk qbuql bk bi cbifw* qbkao} rk^ j^vlo afpmlpf`fÇk ^ fk`roofo
nrb pb abp`of_Ä^ ^ i^ mboplk^ ^`rp^a^ ab bk ^q^glp jbkq^ibp9 bk `^j_fl* pf bpq} qofpqb*
e^`boqo^jm^ `ljl rk ob`lkl`fal ^qibq^, buef_fo} j}p _fbk rk^ j^vlo molcrkafa^a bk
Cpq^ abp`ofm`fÇk crb l j fqfa ^  bk i^ lqo^ bi mol`bp^jfbkqlabfkcloj ^`fÇk3.,
`lkaf`fÇk,
-) Bc[ajZcX^VZceZgXZeX^vcnVXi^ijY)
Ckqlk`bp* bi l_gbqfsl abi bpqrafl bo^ sbofcf`^o
pf ^nrbiilp m^oqf`fm^kqbp jlibpqlp nrb ibÄ^k J^pbjl`flkbp^`qÉ^k`ljlcfiqolpnrbfkcirvbk
nrb bi ^`rp^al bo^ rk ^qibq^ il bk`lkqo^_^k bkkrbpqo^sfpfÇkabijrkal,Nlobgbjmil*`r^k+
`rim^_ib bk j^vlo jbafa^ nrb ilp abj}p, J^ al rkl bpq} qofpqb qfbkab ^ ob`e^w^o `r^inrfbo
efmÇqbpfp `lkpfpqÄ^ bk nrb i^ fo^ ilp iibs^oÄ^ ^ bpqÄjril*pfknrbfj mloqbpfbpq}sfk`ri^al^ i^
qlj ^o rk^ ab`fpfÇk mobgrf`flp^* rqfifw^kal i^ crbkqbabbp^bjl`fÇk,Ck`^j_fl*`r^kalrkl
;>PI = ;NO M /1/

27, @MBCLF?SQCL*E^ibk9QFCNN?PB*Jlof9v* IP?KCP*Eblccobv, H^`Zmbo^!^__^\m!Zg]!lh\bZe!cn]`f^gm6!ma^!]b__^k^gmbZe


bfiZ\m!h _!Zg`^k!Zg]!lZ]g^ll *Ck8Crolmb^kHlrok^il cQl`f^iNpv`elildv,Tli,02*m,31,

3., N?PI*H^fevfk v @?L?HG* K^ew^ofk, Ghh]!Zg]!B^nkblmb\l6!ma^!bg_en^g\^!h _!aZiir!Zg]!lZ]!MmZm^l!hg!l^glbmbobmr![bZl


bg!lm^k^hmribg` * Ck8Hlrok^il cNboplk^iiqv^kaQl`f^i Npv`elildv,Tli, 56, Lrj,4,0...* mm, /..3+/.01, DMPE?Q*
Hlpbme,Ii*!=bm*(mm,17+44,

2. H l p ~  K ^ o Ä ^  a b  i ^ H ^ o ^  N,
bpq} jlibpqlqfbkab^^qof_rfo obpmlkp^_fifa^a _fbk*^i `lkqoli erj^kl,J^p`^o^`qboÄpqf`^pabi
vbkcobkq^o`r^inrfbomolsl`^`fÇk, bpqraflcrbolk i^ppfdrfbkqbp8 :
r
ÂIJJË ĖÏÎJËÍ ĢÎËĖĢĪÎ FÍ ÏĖĢÏÎËÌ ĘF ÌËIJ ĘFĖĢIJĢÏÎFIJ ^' 26 bpqraf^kqbp ab Npf`lildÄ^ crbolk a f+ 5>
-5
fjm^`q^ bk i^pab`fpflkbp ab}o_fqolp*grb`bpv sfafalp bk alp dormlp, Ci mofjbol crb fk+ i-<
Si
gro^alp9vbp nrb* pr bs^ir^`fÇk pl_ob obpmlk+ cirbk`f^al m^o^ pbkqfo fo^9 jfbkqo^p nrb bi BCPCAFM
p^_fifa^amlaoÄ^s^of^opfpbabgbk iibs^omloprp pbdrkalm^o^bumbofjbkq^oqofpqbw^, WCAMLMKò?
AMLBSARS?J
^nrbii^p,
_' Jlpm^oqf`fm^kqbpab_Ä^kfkaf`^oi^pmol_^+
Ckbi0..4*@ofdeqvEllaj^k+Bbi^erkqvbkqob+ _fifa^abpabnrbafpqfkqlpbsbkqlppr`ba^k
sfpq^olk ^ /.0 bpqraf^kqbp ab Npf`lildÄ^ ab i^ &mboaborksrbiqlfjmloq^kqb*^``fabkqbab
Skfsbopfa^aabiQroabE^ibp,Ckaf`elbpqrafl* ^sfÇk*mboaboprp^eloolp',
ilp m^oqf`fm^kqbp ibvbolk rk^qo^kp`ofm`fÇk abi
grf`fl^rkelj_ob^`rp^alabj^q^o^prbpml+ `' Bf`elpbsbkqlpcrbolk^pl`f^alp^alpqfmlp
p^vobpmlkafbolkrk`rbpqflk^oflnrb`lkqbkÄ^ afpqfkqlp `^rp^p8 `lkqoli erj^kl l c^`qlo
mobdrkq^ppl_obi^`rim^_fifa^aabiabkrk`f^al* ^ib^qlofl,?pÄ* mlobgbjmil* ilpbpqraf^kqbp
^pÄ`ljl obpmb`ql ^i bpq^al bjl`flk^i ab ilp bs^ir^olk i^p mol_^_fifa^abp ab mboabo
m^oqf`fm^kqbp v ^ i^ `lkcf^kw^ bk pr ab`fpfÇk, rk srbil fj mloq^kqb mlonrb biq^ufpq^ bo^
?abj}p* i^ j fq^a ab biilp obsfpÇ clqldo^cÄ^p qboof_ib &`lkqoli erj^kl' l mlonrb e^_Ä^
bumiÄ`fq^p %`kn^lhf^^ob]^g\^&( il `r^i fk`irÄ^ biqo}cf`l&c^`qlo^ib^qlofl',
\bzl^nil^i^pebofa^pbfj}dbkbpabilp`e^o`lp
abp^kdob, J^ efmÇqbpfp ab Ibiqkbo `lkpfpqÄ^ bk nrb ilp
^irjklp jlibpqlp ^qof_rfoÄ^k j}p bsbkqlp ^i
Jlp obpriq^alp abi bpqrafl jlpqo^olk nrb ilp `lkqoli erj^kl*bkq^kqlbpq^oÄ^k mobafpmrbp+
m^oqf`fm^kqbpnrbbpqrsfbolkbumrbpqlp^cl ql + qlp^ bk`lkqo^ork obpmlkp^_ib, Jlp obpriq^alp
do^cÄ^pbumiÄ`fq^pab`i^o^olkpbkqfoj^vlobklgl `lkcfoj^olk bp^ qbkabk`f^* `ljl pbsb^ `lk+
cobkqb ^i ^`rp^al nrb nrfbkbp plil ibvbolk i^ qfkr^`fÇk8
qo^kp`ofm`fÇk abigrf`fl, Ciil pb qo^argl bk nrb
#abnrbbi bsbkqlpr`ba^
af`elp m^oqf`fm^kqbp bjfqfbolk j}p pbkqbk`f^p
`lkabk^qlof^p &2/,0#'nrbnrfbkbpklbs^ir^+
olkaf`e^pmorb_^pbumiÄ`fq^p&6,6#'3/,
CTCLRM
I H
J^ fo}bpq}^pl`f^a^^iabpblab`rim^o^i^ mbo+ D^`qlo^ib^qlofl 0.#

plk^nrb`^rp^i^fjmobpfÇkj}pkbd^qfs^30,Ck
rk grf`fl mbk^i* i^ j^kbo^ k^qro^i ab `rim^o ^
:
^idrfbkbp^qo^s~pabi^pbkqbk`f^*ilnrbbumif+ AC
Alkqoli erj^kl /5#
JS

`^ mlo nr~ ilp m^oqf`fm^kqbpnrbsfbolk i^pcl +


qldo^cÄ^p bumiÄ`fq^p bjfqfbolk j}p af`q}jbkbp M
`lkabk^qloflp, Ci^_lo^`fÇkmolmf^ M

Bb lqol i^al* Ibiqkbo iibsÇ ^ `^_l rk bpqrafl J^`lkq^jfk^`fÇk bjl`flk^i ab i^pab`fpflkbp
m^o^sbofcf`^o^k^ifw^obibcb`qlnrbqbkaoÄ^k i^ bp rk obql nrb qlalp ilp ifqfd^kqbp ab_bk bk+
qofpqbw^lfo^abilpm^oqf`fm^kqbpbki^^qof_r`fÇk cobkq^o,Cigrbwlbi}o_fqolmrbabbpq^ojlibpql
abafpqfkqlpbsbkqlp^c^`qlobp^ib^qloflpl*j}p mlonrbprcofÇrk`elnrbmloi^j^Å^k^lmrbab

3/, @PGEFR* B^sfa vEMMBK?L+BCJ?FSLRW*H^kb, Akn^lhf^^ob]^g\^Zg]^fhmbhg6Zg`^k([eZf^Zg]c nkr]^\blbzg) M


fZdbg` *Ck8J^t^ka Frj^k@be^sflo,Tli,1.*mm,/61+0.0, á
O
30, ?JGAIC*K^oh, =neiZ[e^\hgmkheZg]ma^ilr\aheh`rh _[eZf^ *Ck8Npv`elildf`^i@riibqfkLÖ/04,mm,334+352 \

N p v ` e l J ? U d v  K ^ m ^  m ^ o ^  ^ _ l d ^ a l p  bk pr s f ^ g b  ^i  f k q b o f l o  a b i  ` b o b _ o l  2/
bk`lkqo^opbqofpqb&lcbifw'mlonrbpbbpq}afslo+ Aljlbumif`^kRsbophvvI^ekbj^k*i^c^`fifa^a
`f^kal,Cpfjmlpf_ib`lkqoli^oqla^pi^pmlpf_ibp `lk i^ nrb ob`loa^jlp rk eb`el fkcirvb bk
`^rp^p,Nlobiil*biÉkf`l`^jfklafpmlkf_ib`lk+ krbpqo^ mbo`bm`fÇk pl_ob bi jfpj l32, Ck bpb
pfpqbbkob`lkl`boi^pbjl`flkbpabi^^rafbk`f^ pbkqfal* ilp ^rqlobp ^ibd^k nrb i^p bjl`flkbp
m^o^^molsb`e^oil&afpbÅ^ojbkp^gbpvmobpbkq^o mlpfqfs^p`^rp^a^p mlobi ob`rboalab i^p`^j+
bsfabk`f^ bk i^ jfpj^ `i^sb bjl`flk^i'* l* bk m^Å^p mr_if`fq^of^pabAl`^Ali^&ånrf~k kl pb
qlal`^pl*`loobdfoi^`lkq^jfk^`fÇkbjl`flk^i, ^`rboa^ abilpl mli^ok^sfabÅl='bjmrg^olk^
ilp`lkprjfalobp^ mobcbofobp^ _b_fa^,
.) Bc[ajZcX^VZc bZbdg^V)
O) =>ON>EM::E:<:O>KG:5E:
? jbaf^alp ab ilp 7.* Nbmpf`l i^kwÇ bi Pbql BG?EN>G<B:=>EHL ?:<MHK>L
Nbmpf * rk^ `^jm^Å^ mr_if`fq^of^ nrb fksfq^_^ ;BHEÇ@B<HL
^i `lkprjfalo^ rk^`^q^ `fbd^abAl`^ Ali^v
Nbmpf,Jrbdlabmol_^o`^a^rk^abi^p_b_fa^p* AofpqÇ_^iAliÇkm^oqfÇbi1ab^dlpqlab/270ab
ab_Ä^ bibdfo `r}i mobcboÄ^, ?pÄ* bi l_gbqfsl abi NrboqlabN^ilpbk_Épnrba^abkrbs^pqfboo^p,
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^ `riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

bgbo`f`flbo^nrbilp`lkprjfalobpe^_fqr^ibpab JrbdlabalpjbpbpvkrbsbaÄ^p*do^`f^p^prp
Al`^Ali^pbmrafbo^kbkqbo^onrbi^`ljm^ÅÄ^ qofmri^kqbpvprp1bj_^o`^`flkbpiibdÇ^?j~of+
ofs^iq^j _f~klcob`Ä^ rk molar`qlab`^ifa^a, `^,Nbol*ånr~er_fbpbm^p^alpfi^pmolsfpflkbp
pb er_fbpbk ^`^_^al ^kqbp ab nrb iibdrbk ^
Ck rk^ sbopfÇk plcfpqf`^a^ abi Pbql Nbmpf * rk krbpqol`lkqfkbkqbvprpqofmri^kqbpbpqrsfbpbk
bnrfmlabkbrol`fbkqÄcf`lpifabo^alpmloQ^jrbi e^j_ofbkqlp= åe^_oÄ^ obdobp^al ^ Cpm^Å^ pfk
K`AGrob^k^ifw^olki^pmobcbobk`f^pab45prgbqlp klqf`f^ ^idrk^= Cpq^ abcfkfqfs^j bkqb bo^ rk^
mloaf`e^d^pblp^lmloAl`^Ali^*`lj_fk^kal mlpf_fifa^a nrbnrfw}p klp e^_oÄ^ iibs^al^ rk
bu}jbkbp^`fbd^p`lkmorb_^palkabbi ildlv mobpbkqbafpqfkql,Wbpnrbmloj}pfjmloq^kqbp
i^ j^o`^ pÄcrbolk fabkqfcf`^alp, Bf`el ^k}ifpfp* nrb pb^k ^idrk^p ab`fpflkbp &`ljl bumilo^o
^abj}p*pbob^ifwÇjfbkqo^pi^^`qfsfa^a`bob_o^i krbslp qboofqloflp m^o^ ^kbu^oilp ^ rk obfkl'*
abilpm^oqf`fm^kqbpbo^jbafa^^qo^s~pabrkbp+ krbpqo^ mbo`bm`fÇkvab`fpflkbpbpq}k fkcirbk+
`^kblabobplk^k`f^j^dk~qf`^crk`flk^i&cKPG', `f^a^pmloc^`qlobp_fliÇdf`lpnrbqbojfk^kab+
qboj fk^kal krbpqo^ `lkar`q^, Bbkqolabbiilp
Ar^kalilpprgbqlpob^ifw^olki^morb_^`fbd^*i^ bk`lkqo^jlpmlobgbjmil*biprbÅl*bie^j_ob*
mobcbobk`f^ mlork^ rlqo^ _b_fa^crbm^obg^,W i^ pba*&c^iq^ ab' pbul*bi kfsbi abdir`lp^ bk bi
biilqfbkbpbkqfal*mrbpi^`^kqfa^aab^wÉ`^obk `rboml*bq`,Cki^mobpbkqbpb``fÇk^k^ifw^objlp
^j_^pbppfjfi^o,Ck`^j_fl*`r^kalbi`lkqbkf+ ^idrklp bpqraflp nrb klp mboj fqbk sbofcf`^o
al abi bks^pbpÄcrb obsbi^al* ilpbk`rbpq^alp `Çjlbpnrbbiilpbiibs^^`^_l,
jlpqo^olkrk^mobcbobk`f^pfdkfcf`^qfs^mloAl`^
Ali^*bkrk^ molmlo`fÇkab1^ /31, ,) >a ]VbWgZnadh_jZXZh)

Cibp`^kblcKPGbkbibpqraflpl_ob`lkprjlab Ckbi0.//*fksbpqfd^alobpfpo^biÄbpabp`r_ofbolk
_b_fa^p obsbiÇ i^ ^`qfs^`fÇk abi efml`^jml*bi rk m^qoÇk bk i^p ab`fpflkbp ab grb`bp pl_ob
`bob_oljbaflvbi`Çoqbumobcolkq^ialopli^qb+ mbafalp ab if_boq^a `lkaf`flk^i, Bf`el m^qoÇk
o^i*}ob^pabi`bob_olsfk`ri^a^p^i^pbjl`flkbp klbpq^_^fjmrip^almlorkm^dl*rk^obi^`fÇk
v^i^cb`ql,Ciilprdfbobnrbi^j^o`^ Al`^Ali^  abm^obkqbp`ll^cfkfa^ali^^mif`^`fÇkabrk^
abpbk`^abkÇob`rboalpbjl`flk^ibpmlpfqfslp, kloj^,
;>PI = ;NO M /1/

31, KAAJSPC*Q^jrbi^mZe* H^nkZe=hkk^eZm^lh_<^aZobhkZeJk^_^k^g\^_hk=nemnkZeer@ZfbebZk>kbgdl *Ck8Lbrolk,Tli,22,


Lrj,0,mm,157+165,

32, RTCPQIW*?jlpv I?FLCK?L* B^kfbi, ;oZbeZ[bebmr6;a^nkblmb\_hkcn]`bg`_k^jn^g\rZg]ikh[Z[bebmr *Ii*=bm*( mm,


/41+/56,

20 9 W [ d  < J Z e J  M N  T J  9 J Z J  >"
B^kwfdbo* Jbs^s v ?sk^fj+Nbppl^33 bpqraf^+ åOr~ bumif`^_^ nrb bi m^qoÇk pb obmfqfbo^= åW
olk /*//0 ab`fpflkbp graf`f^ibp* ob`lib`q^a^p `Çjl^pÄpbobpbqb^_^=Qlomobkabkqbjbkqb*a f+ :
aro^kqb 3. aÄ^p bk rk mboflal ab /. jbpbp* `e^pab`fpflkbpbpq^_^kbkob^ifa^adrf^a^pmlo r
i^`ljfa^,?pÄ*pbdÉk ilpobpriq^alp*i^pm^rp^p 5>
af`q^a^pmlogrb`bpfpo^biÄpnrbbpq^_^k^`^odl O]
abqof_rk^ibpbpmb`f^ifw^alpbkbs^ir^oi^mlpf+ nrb qlj^olk ilpgrb`bp ^i fkf`fl ab i^glok^a^ G-è
ǼĐ
_fifa^aabif_boq^a`lkaf`flk^ibk`r^qolpabi^p &abp^vrkl'*^jbaf^j^Å^k^&pk^`h'v^i^ elo^ BCPCAFM
WCAMLMKG?
mofk`fm^ibp`}o`bibpabGpo^bi34, ab ^ijrbowl qbkÄ^k `ljl bcb`ql fkjbaf^ql bi AMLBSARS?J
fk`objbkqlabi mlo`bkq^gbabab`fpflkbpc^sl+
J^p ab`fpflkbp crbolk ^k^ifw^a^p qlj ^kal bk o^_ibp&e^pq^43#',Cpq^bsfabk`f^prdbofoÄ^nrb
`rbkq^bijlj bkqlabiaÄ^bknrbpb`lkpfaboÇ `r^kalilpgrb`bpobprbisbkab j^kbo^pr`bpf+
i^ mbqf`fÇk abi obl v pr mlpf`fÇk loafk^i bk i^ s^*bufpqbrk^qbkabk`f^`ob`fbkqb^ i^ obdi^bk
pb`rbk`f^ ab ab`fpflkbp obprbiq^p aro^kqb bi c^sloabipq^qrpnrl*i^`r^ipfkbj_^odlmrbab
jfpjl aÄ^, Aljl obpriq^al bk`lkqo^olk* mlo prmbo^opbqlj ^kalrk^ m^rp^ m^o^`ljbo35,
bgbjmil* nrb rk^ mboplk^ nrb pb mobpbkq^_^
^ i^p 6 ab i^ j^Å^k^ qbkÄ^ bk moljbafl 5.# Bf`e^`lkar`q^bpmbocb`q^jbkqbo^`flk^iabp+
ab mol_^_fifa^abp ab l_qbkbo rk^ pbkqbk`f^ abrk^mbopmb`qfs^bslir`flkfpq^,?jbafa^nrb
c^slo^_ib*bk `lkqo^qb`lk ilp oblpnrb pb mob+ i^ bkbodÄ^ jbkq^i abi elj_ob ab i^p `^sbok^p
pbkq^_^k ^ i^p //*nrfbkbpplilqbkÄ^k 0.#ab afpjfkrÄ^*~pqbab_Ä^mofsfibdf^o^nrbii^pcrk`fl+
mol_^_fifa^abp, kbpnrbiblqlod^o^k j^vlobpmlpf_fifa^abpab
^a^mq^opb^af`elbp`bk^oflelpqfi&obpmfo^`fÇk*
?abj}p* ^ abqbojfk^a^ elo^ bi m^qoÇk slisÄ^ afdbpqfÇk* mboj^kb`bo^iboq^ cobkqb ^ mlpf_ibp
^ `ljbkw^o, Jlp oblp ob`l_o^_^k i^ bpmbo^kw^ ^jbk^w^p*bkqoblqolp',
bpq^aÄpqf`^abl_qbkbork^pbkqbk`f^c^slo^_ib,
Jrbdl* ^ jbafa^ nrb `looÄ^k i^p elo^p* af`e^p Ckbibgbjmil* i^ if_boq^aab ilp oblpbpqrslbk
mlpf_fifa^abp afpjfkrÄ^k, Ci pfdrfbkqb do}cf`l j^klab ilpgrb`bp,Wmbpb^ i^ fjmloq^k`f^ab
jrbpqo^ `ljl bi jfpjl m^qoÇk pb mobpbkq^_^ i^ ab`fpfÇk* ilp grb`bp kl mrafbolk bsfq^o pbo
qobpsb`bparo^kqbbiaÄ^ abqo^_^glab rkgrbw sÄ`qfj^pabprpmolmflp`bob_olp,
moljbafl8
Ckcobkq^al^i^afpjfkr`fÇkabbkbodÄ^jbkq^i*
bi `bob_ol afpj fkrvÇ i^ `^kqfa^a ab bkbodÄ^
abpqfk^a^ ^ mobpq^o ^qbk`fÇk ^i grf`fl* dbkb+
o^kal nrb qrsfbo^k nrb a b`fafo `lk jbklp
fkcloj^`fÇk v e^_fbkal ob^ifw^al rk ^k}ifpfp
j}pprmbocf`f^i,Qfs^jlpabm^pbl*rk`^oolpfk
d^plifk^klklpobpriq^o}Éqfi,Jljfpjlpr`bab ] H

`lki^bkbodÄ^vbi`bob_ol,QfkbkbodÄ^*krbpqol
`bob_olbpq^o}j}pmolmbkpl^abg^opbiibs^omlo \
i^`loofbkqb,?pÄ*cobkqb^i ofbpdlababg^oif_ob^
rkoblnrbmlaoÄ^pbo`rim^_ib*ilpgrb`bpmobÅ+
Drbkqb8B?LXGECP*Qe^f9JCT?T*Hlk^qe^k9v*?TL?GK+NCQQM?*Jflo^, bk
9
:

33, B?LXGECP* Qe^f9 JCT?T* Hlk^qe^k9 v* ?TL?GK+NCQQM?* Jflo^, ?qmkZg^hnl! _Z\mhkl! bg! cn]b\bZe! ]^\blbhgl * Ck8
Nol`bbafkdp l cqeb L^qflk^i ?`^abjvl cQ`fbk`bp l cqeb Skfqba Qq^qbp l c?jbof`^,Tli, /.6, Lrj, /5,?_ofi abi
0.//*mm,4667+4670,

34, Ci 56,0# ab i^ ab`fpflkbp qlj^a^p `ljl jrbpqo^ `lkpfpqÄ^k bk plif`fqrabp m^o^ l_qbkbo if_boq^a `lkaf`flk^i*
jfbkqo^pnrbbiobpql`lkpfpqÄ^bkplif`fqrabpm^o^`^j_f^oilpq~ojfklpabi^if_boq^a`lkaf`flk^iv^`lk`bafa^l
jlafcf`^oilpq~ojfklpabprbk`^o`bi^jfbkql,Bf^of^jbkqbrkgrbwobplisÄ^ab/2^13`^plpabj^kbo^pr`bpfs^
^
v`^a^abif_bo^`fÇkabjlo^_^^molufj^a^jbkqb4jfkrqlp, Ŧ
35, QbdÉk ilp^rqlobp*bpqlbp`lkpfpqbkqb `lk fksbpqfd^`flkbp^kqboflobpnrb abjrbpqo^k ilpbcb`qlpab rk _obsb
&O
abp`^kpl*bpq^alab}kfjlmlpfqfslvdir`lp^pl_obobmlpf`fÇkabiob`ropl,

> [ ` L Q W ; 0 E P `  < J X J  X J Z J  J K W P J M W [  NV [] ^ R J S N  JT  R V \ N Z R W Z  M N T  L N Z N K Z W  21


ofbolk i^ lm`fÇk pbdro^ ababkbd^oi^ if_boq^a Alk biil pb abjrbpqo^ i^ fj mloq^k`f^ ab i^p
`lkaf`flk^i,Ckabcfkfqfs^* eZ!cnlmb\bZ!^l!eh!jn^!^e crbow^p pfqr^`flk^ibp bk i^p mobcbobk`f^p* ^pÄ
cn^s!mhfz!]^!]^lZrngh * `ljli^fk`^m^`fa^aabilpprgbqlpm^o^mobab`fo
bpqbqfml ab fkcirbk`f^pbk pr molmfl`lj mlo+
-) >mX^iVX^vchZmjVanYZX^h^dcZhYZg^Zh\d) q^jfbkql,

ĮĢFÌĻ Ļ ǼÏFĹ FÎIJJFĢÎ ĮFËÌĢŁËĮÏÎ ĴÎ ĢÎJFĮFIJËÎJF .) ?VaiVYZhjZud)


bpqraflpl_obbibcb`qlab i^ bu`fq^`fÇk pbur^i*
fkar`fa^ mlo i^ ^rqlbpqfjri^`fÇk* bk ab`fpfl+ Bro^kqbbi ^Ål0./3*bk jbaflabi^`ofpfpb`l+
kbp efmlq~qf`^p ab bpqraf^kqbp rkfsbopfq^oflp kÇjf`^dofbd^*pbiibsÇ^`^_lrk^kbdl`f^`fÇk
j^p`rifklp36, bkqobbiEl_fboklvprp^`obbalobpabiCroldor+
mlnrbqrslrk^aro^`fÇkab /5elo^paro^kqb
Ci j~qlal bjmib^alcrb fkar`fobk rk dorml i^ kl`ebbfk`irpl i^ j^Å^k^ abiaÄ^ pfdrfbkqb,
rk bpq^al ab bu`fq^`fÇk pbur^i ^ qo^s~p ab i^ åCpmlpf_ib`lkcf^obkrk^`rboal^i`^kw^almlo
j^pqro_^`fÇk* jfbkqo^pnrbbipbdrkaldorml mliÄqf`lpmofs^alpabprbÅl=37
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B b ob `e l  ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

pb j^kqrsl kbrqo^i, Nlpqboflojbkqb* pb ibp ob+


nrfofÇobpmlkabork^ pbofbab mobdrkq^ppl_ob QbdÉk bi molcbplo Kf`e^bi Aebb* afob`qlo abi
`lkar`q^ppbur^ibp, `bkqolab kbrol`fbk`f^`ldkfqfs^ abi^ Cp`rbi^
ab Kbaf`fk^ ab i^ Brhb+LSQ bk Qfkd^mro* i^
?idrk^pabi^pmobdrkq^pbo^kfkl`bkqbp&åqbcorp+ c^iq^abprbÅl^cb`q^i^e^_fifa^am^o^mol`bp^o
qo^nrbpfjmibjbkqbqb_bpbk='*lqo^pobpriq^_^k krbs^ fkcloj^`fÇk* ifaf^o `lk i^ afpqo^``fÇk* v
`roflp^p&årk^jrgbonrbpra^qbm^ob`bpbuv='v ob`loa^o^ `loql mi^wl, Ck q~ojfklp dbkbo^ibp*
^idrk^p bo^k j}p pr_fa^p ab qlkl &åqb drpq^oÄ^ AebbpbÅ^i^nrbmlobcb`qlabi^c^iq^abprbÅl
^q^o^qr m^obg^ pbur^i=', Jlabpq^`^_ibbpnrbi^ i^pmboplk^pe^`bk^mrbpq^pj}pofbpdlp^p*vpb
bu`fq^`fÇk fkcirvÇ afob`q^jbkqb bk i^ mobafpml+ srbisbkj}pfkpbkpf_ibp^mboabo,Bbeb`el*ilp
pf`fÇk ab ilp bpqraf^kqbp ^ fk`roofo bk j^vlobp bcb`qlp _fliÇdf`lpab i^c^iq^abprbÅlplkq^k
ofbpdlppbur^ibp*`ljljlpqo^jlp^`lkqfkr^`fÇk, mlqbkqbp nrb bii^ bp fk`irpl `lkpfabo^a^ rk^
`i^pb ab qloqro^,3. Cpql e^ pfal ^molsb`e^al ^
ČĮFĞĴÎJË ÂIJJËĘÏ ÂĽĖĢJËĖĢĪÎ ili^odlabilp^Ålp*m^o^fj mibj bkq^ork^q}`+
ÎFĴJĮËÌ IJFĽĴËÌ
qf`^nrbabpd^pqb^i lqoli^ale^pq^ nrbiibdrb
OǼÏIJ ŁËĬËJÏIJ ĘF ÍĴĦFĮ JF ÙŦŰ ÛÚŰ
ĬËĮFĖFÎ FĮĪJĢĖÏIJŊ ^ obkafopb,
DĢ JF ËJĮËF ĴÎË ÍĴĦFĮ FÌÌË ȚŪŰ UÙŰ
ĬĮÏĬÏÎF ĴÎ JĮHÏ ĖÏÎ ÏJĮÏ ?pfjfpjl*bufpqbkbpqraflpnrbmlpqri^knrbi^
ĠÏÍĔĮFÒ OÌÏ ĠËĮHËIJŊ c^iq^abprbÅlmolar`bbkilp`lkprjfalobprk^
OČÏĘĮHË FĽĖĢJËĮIJF ÛŰ ȚÛŰ _^g^`^m^`fa^aabpl_obmlkbopb^qbkq^`flkbp*
IJFĽĴËÌÍFÎJF ĬÏĮ FÌ l fk`irpl e^v nrfbkbp plpqfbkbk nrb nrfbkbp
ĖÏÎJËĖJÏ ĖÏÎ ĴÎ ËÎĢÍËÌŊ
arbojbkml`lbpq}kj}pmolmbkplp^`lj mlo+
ÂÌËĔÏĮËĖĢĪÎ ĬĮÏĬĢË q^opbbpqboblqfm^a^jbkqb4/ l^bkd^Å^o40,

36, ?PGCJW* B^k v JMCUCLQRCGL* Eblodb, àNa^!B^Zm!h _!ma^!Ghf^gm6! Na^!?__^\m!h _!M^qnZe!;khnlZe!hg! M^qnZe!>^\blbzg
GZdbg` *Ck8Hlrok^ilc@be^sflo^iBb`fpfÇkK^hfkdLÖ/7,0..4*m,65+76,

37, Aco,8 UC?TCP* K^qqebt, Ak^^\^!\kblbl6!paZm!Zk^! ma^! ^__^\ml! h _!le^^i!]^ikboZmbhg! hg! ]^\blbhg)fZdbg`: * Bfpmlkf_ib
bk8 :eqqm8--ttt,qeb^r^oaf^k,`lj-kbtp-ob^ifqs+`eb`h-0./3-fri-/1-dobb`b+`ofpfp+te^q+^ob+qeb+bccb`qp+lc+pibbm+
;>PI = ;NO M /1/

abmofs^qflk+lk+ab`fpflk+j^hfkd<,

4., @SJICJCW*Ibiiv,à Qarlb^^i!]^ikboZmbhg!bl!mhkmnk^ *Ck8:eqqmp8--ttt,mps`elildsqla^s,`lj-_ild-aob^jfkn+fk+qeb+


af^fq^i+^^b-0./2/0-tes+pibbm+abmofs^qflk+fp+qloqrob<,

4/, Aco,8:eqqmp8--j^kl^,e^t^ff,bar-kbtp-^oqf`ib,mem=^ia;3655<,

40, Aco,8:eqqmp8--e_o,lod-0./1-.3-pibbm+abmofsba+mblmib+^ob+jlob+ifhbis+ql+`eb^q-<,

(( 9 W [ d  < J Z e J  M N  T J  9 J Z J  >"
Ck^qbk`fÇk^i^^_rka^kqbbsfabk`f^*`lksfbkb `lomlo^o eboo^jfbkq^p `ldkfqfs^p &mbo`bm`fÇk*
qlj^opb rk `^cb`fql i^ moÇufj^ sbwnrbqbkd^ jbjlof^*bjl`flkbp*^q^glpjbkq^ibp'vc^`ql+
nrbab`fafonr~qlj ^ork^ab`fpfÇkfjmloq^kqb obp_fliÇdf`lp^i bu^jbkgroÄaf`l, r
lbumlkbocobkqb^ rkqof_rk^i*åkl= 5>
O,
Ck abcfkfqfs^*i^ fk`lomlo^`fÇk abs^of^_ibpmpf+ 5+
5>
OB) <HF>GM:KBHL?BG:E>L `liÇdf`^p `ljmibq^ bi ^k}ifpfp `lpql+_bkbcf`fl BCPCAFM
abi^bpqo^qbdf^ibd^i*^qboofw}kalil^i^ob^ifa^a WCAMLMKG?
AMLBSARS?J
Ci ?k}ifpfp Npf`liÇdf`l abi Bbob`el pb ob_bi^ v^`Çjlob^ijbkqbpb`ljmloq^ki^pmboplk^p,
`lkqo^i^sfpfÇk`i}pf`^abiBbob`el, CkilpmoÇuf+ Cpql* ^abj}p* obpriq^ Éqfi ^ ilp qlj^alobp ab
jlp^Ålp*bpq^o^j^ fjm^`q^o}mofk`fm^ijbkqb ab`fpflkbp&}o_fqolp*grb`bp*`lkprjfalobp*`fr+
bk i^ `ob^`fÇk ab mliÄqf`^p mÉ_if`^p* i^ mbopr^+ a^a^klp'm^o^klabg^opbiibs^omloaf`elpbool+
pfÇk bk ilp ifqfdflpvbi obafjbkpflk^jfbkqlab obp`ldkfqfslpv* j}p _fbk* ^mobkabo^q~`kf`^p
i^pd^o^kqÄ^pmol`bp^ibp, ababpbpd^jfbkql,W j}p fj mloq^kqb^Ék* klp
^vra^^pbojbglobppbobperj^klp*c^`fifq^kal
?pÄ* bi ?k}ifpfp Npf`liÇdf`l abi Bbob`el klp a^ i^ `lj mobkpfÇk ab krbpqo^p bjl`flkbp v i^
i^ mlpf_fifa^a ab mbkp^ocrbo^ ab i^ `^Ä^ b fk+ `lkbufÇk`lkilpabj}p,

M
08
ùM
á
<
:

9
Ǽ
&O

N p v ` e l J ? U d v  K ^ m ^  m ^ o ^  ^ _ l d ^ a l p  bk pr s f ^ g b  ^i  f k q b o f l o  a b i  ` b o b _ o l 23

You might also like