BMIG 1213

ENGINEERING MATERIALS

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 7 (Phase Diagram)

Chapter 10 - 2
TUTORIAL 6 Q 3

Chapter 10 - 3
TUTORIAL 6 Q 1

Chapter 10 - 4
Chapter 10 - 5
 Classification of Phase Diagram
• Phase diagrams are classified according to
the number of component present in a
particular system:-
1) Unary phase diagram (One component
system)
2) Binary phase diagram (Double component
system)
3) Ternary phase diagram (Three component
system)

6
Chapter 10 - 7
Chapter 10 - 8
TUTORIAL 6 Q 5

Chapter 10 - 9
TUTORIAL 6 Q 5

Chapter 10 - 10
Chapter 10 - 11
UNDERSTANDING & USING
THE PHASE DIAGRAM

Chapter 10 - 12
Chapter 10 - 13
Chapter 10 - 14
Chapter 10 - 15
Chapter 10 - 16
Chapter 10 - 17
 EX 1: Pb-Sn Eutectic System
• For a 40 wt% Sn-60 wt% Pb alloy at 150°C, determine:
-- the phases present Pb-Sn
Answer: a + b T(°C) system
-- the phase compositions
300
Answer: Ca = 11 wt% Sn L (liquid)
Cb = 99 wt% Sn
-- the relative amount a L+ a
200 183°C L+b b
of each phase 18.3 61.9 97.8
Answer: 150
S C b - C0 R S
100
W =
a R+S
=
C b - Ca a+b
99 - 40 59
= = = 0.67
99 - 11 88 0 11 20 40 60 80 99100
C 0 - Ca Ca C0 Cb
Wb = R = C, wt% Sn
R+S C b - Ca Adapted from Fig. 10.8,
Callister & Rethwisch 3e.
40 - 11 29
= = = 0.33 18
99 - 11 88
 EX 2: Pb-Sn Eutectic System
• For a 40 wt% Sn-60 wt% Pb alloy at 220°C, determine:
-- the phases present: Pb-Sn
Answer: a + L T(°C) system
-- the phase compositions
300
Answer: Ca = 17 wt% Sn L (liquid)
CL = 46 wt% Sn L+ a
-- the relative amount 220
200
a R S L+b b
of each phase 183°C
Answer:
100
Wa =
CL - C0
=
46 - 40 a+b
CL - Ca 46 - 17
6 0 17 20 40 46 60 80 100
= = 0.21 Ca C0 CL
29 C, wt% Sn
Adapted from Fig. 10.8,
C0 - Ca 23 Callister & Rethwisch 3e.
WL = = = 0.79
CL - Ca 29
19
 TUTORIAL 6 Q3(c)

i)

150 C
iii)

ii)

Chapter 10 - 20
Chapter 10 - 21
Chapter 10 - 22
CASE 1 (at C1) CASE 2 (at C2)

Development
of
microstructure

CASE 3 (at C3) CASE 4 (at C4)

Chapter 10 - 23
Q3(d)

i)

ii)

iii)

Chapter 10 - 24
TUTORIAL 6 Q 2

Chapter 10 - 25
TUTORIAL 6 Q 2

Chapter 10 - 26
Chapter 10 - 27
 Hypoeutectic & Hypereutectic
300
L
T(°C)
L+ a
Adapted from Fig. 10.8,
Callister & Rethwisch 3e. a L+b b
(Fig. 10.8 adapted from
200
TE
(Pb-Sn
Binary Phase Diagrams,
2nd ed., Vol. 3, T.B. a+b System)
Massalski (Editor-in-Chief), 100
ASM International,
Materials Park, OH, 1990.)

0 20 40 60 80 100 C, wt% Sn
eutectic
hypoeutectic: C0 = 50 wt% Sn 61.9 hypereutectic: (illustration only)
(Figs. 10.14 and
10.17 from Metals
eutectic: C0 = 61.9 wt% Sn
Handbook, 9th ed.,
Vol. 9,
a b
Metallography and a b
Microstructures, a a b b
American Society for a b
Metals, Materials
Park, OH, 1985.) a b
175 mm 160 mm
Adapted from eutectic micro-constituent Adapted from Fig. 10.17,
Fig. 10.17, Callister & Adapted from Fig. 10.14, Callister & Rethwisch 3e.
Rethwisch 3e. Callister & Rethwisch 3e. (Illustration only)
28
TUTORIAL 6 Q 7

Chapter 10 - 29
TUTORIAL 6 Q 7

Chapter 10 - 30
TUTORIAL 6 Q 7

Chapter 10 - 31
 Intermetallic Compounds

Adapted from
Fig. 10.20, Callister &
Rethwisch 3e.

Mg2Pb

Note: intermetallic compound exists as a line on the diagram - not an

area - because of stoichiometry (i.e. composition of a compound
32
is a fixed value).
Chapter 10 - 33
Summary of derivation the reaction

Chapter 10 - 34
 Eutectic, Eutectoid, & Peritectic
Example how to derive the reaction
• Eutectic - liquid transforms to two solid phases
L cool a + b (For Pb-Sn, 183C, 61.9 wt% Sn)
heat

• Eutectoid – one solid phase transforms to two other

solid phases
intermetallic compound
S2 S1+S3 - cementite

 cool a + Fe3C (For Fe-C, 727C, 0.76 wt% C)

heat

• Peritectic - liquid and one solid phase transform to a

second solid phase
S1 + L S2
cool
 +L heat  (For Fe-C, 1493°C, 0.16 wt% C)

35
 Iron-Carbon (Fe-C) Phase Diagram
• 2 important T(°C)
1600
points 
- Eutectic (A): 1400 L
L   + Fe3C   +L
1200 1148°C
A L+Fe3C
- Eutectoid (B): (austenite)

Fe3C (cementite)
  a + Fe3C 1000  
   +Fe3C

a
800 727°C = Teutectoid
B
600
a+Fe3C
400
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.7
(Fe) 0.76 4.30 C, wt% C
120 mm
Result: Pearlite = Fe3C (cementite-hard)
alternating layers of
a and Fe3C phases a (ferrite-soft)
(Adapted from Fig. 10.31, Adapted from Fig. 10.28,
36
Callister & Rethwisch 3e.) Callister & Rethwisch 3e.
Chapter 10 - 37
Chapter 10 - 38
TUTORIAL 6 Q4

Chapter 10 - 39
 TUTORIAL 6 Q4
i)

ii)

iii)

iv)

Chapter 10 - 40
TUTORIAL 6 TUTORIAL 3

Chapter 10 - 41
PAST YEAR QUESTION

Chapter 10 - 42
PAST YEAR QUESTION

Chapter 10 - 43
Chapter 10 - 44
PAST YEAR QUESTION

Chapter 10 - 45
PAST YEAR QUESTION

Chapter 10 - 46
PAST YEAR QUESTION

Chapter 10 - 47