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Hindlimb
Hindlimb
Ilium:
• The ilium is is the largest of the three parts and
presents two surfaces and three borders.
• The wide parts of the bone is the wing.
•Gluteal surface-
Angels:
Two surfaces:
• Pelvic surface– tabula, ramus, body and tuber (ischiatic tuberosity)
• Ventral surface– flat, rough for the attachement of abductor
muscle.
Four borders:
• Cranial border– caudal margin of the obturator foramen
• Caudal border– forming the ischiatic arch
• Medial border– forming the symphysis
• Lateral border– forming the lesser ischiatic notch
Four angles:
Pubis:
Two surfaces:
• Pelvic surface– convex in male and concave
and smooth in female
• Ventral surface– pubic groove for accessory
ligament.
Three borders:
• Cranial border– near the symphysis the ventral
Ossa coxarum (dorsal view)
Tuber Sacrale
Tuber coxae
Pubis
Body of the
ilium
Pubic
Symphysis
Acetabulum
Ischial arch
Obturator foramen
Ischial symphysis
Ischium
Acetabulum/Cotyloid Cavity
•Acetabulum is a deep depression in the hip bone.
•Acetabulum is formed by the union of ilium, ischum and pubis.
and lodges the head of the femur.
•Acetabular notch
Body:
Body or shaft is cylindrical but flattened caudally.
Cranial, medial and lateral surfaces are continuous and
strongly convex from side to side and it is covered by
quadriceps femuris muscles.
Caudal surface is wide, flat and smooth in its proximal
fourth and distal to this part there is a rough elevation for
femoral tendon of biceps femoris.
Borders: Two Borders
Medial Border
In its proximal part it bears lesser trochanter on
which iliopsoas muscle attaches
Nutrient formen is found cranial to its bony mark in
horse but in case of ox nutrient foramen is absent
Medial supracondyloid tuberosity situated ventral
to the groove on which medial head of
gastrocnemius muscle attaches
In case of ox- lesser trochanter has the form a
rough tuberosity, is situated higher up than the
horse
Lateral Border
In case of ox
The body is relatively small than horse
Head is small
In medial border, nutrient foramen is absent
Trochonter tertius is absent
Trochanteric fossa is deep
Supracondyloid fossa is shallow
Thigh: Patella
• Kneecap (patella)
• Largest sesamoid bone
• Triangular in shape
• Located in the front of the trochlea of the femur.
• Its articular surface faces caudally towards the femur;
• Free surface faces cranially
• Palpable under the skin.
Patella
Patella
Patella
Leg: Tibia
• It is a strong and massive bone.
• It consists of-
1. Proximal extremity- articulate with the femur and
patella and forming stifle joint
2. Shaft and
3. Distal extremity-articulate with the tarsal bone
and forming tarsal joint
Features of Proximal Extremity
• Present 2 Condyles (lateral & medial)
• 2 Tuberosity (lateral & medial)
• Tibial Spine/Intercondyloid Eminence
• Sulcus Muscularis
• Popliteal Notch-separates the condyles
• Fibula-head of the fibula attached to lateral part of lateral
condyle
Leg: Tibia
Features of Shaft/Body
•The bone is twisted in appearance.
•It presents 3 surface (lateral, medial, and caudal/posterior)
and
•3 borders (cranial, lateral and medial).
•Tibial Crest-upper part of the cranial border
•Popliteal line- one in number, caudal surface, extends to the
middle of the medial border
•Muscular lines- many in caudal surface
•Nutrient Foramen: laterally in ox and middle in horse
Features of Distal Extremity
•Present 2 Sagittal Grooves for articulation with the ridges of
tibial tarsal
•Sagittal Ridge-separates 2 grooves
•Lateral Malleolus-lateral border
•Medial Malleolus
Differences of the Tibia in Horse & Ox
POINTS Horse OX
Tubercle Present Absent
Arrangement:
Proximal row – Talus, Calcaneus, Central + 4th tarsal
bone
OX HORSE
Difference of the Metacarpal and Metatarsal
of OX
POINTS Metacarpal Metatarsal
Length/Size Cranially Convex Comparative
Caudally Flattened Larger, 4 sided
Comparative square
Smaller
Dorsal Longitudinal Shallow & Narrow Deep and Wide
groove
Description of Metatarsus/Metatarsals
Difference of the Metacarpal and Metatarsal
of Horse
POINTS Metacarpal Metatarsal
Length/Size Comparative Comparative
Smaller & Larger
Flattened Round &
Cylindrical
Splint Bone Present Absent
In Horse, splint bone is present in only metacarpal
bone, absent in metatarsal bone.
Description of Metatarsus/Metatarsals
JOINT OF THE HIND LIMB