4.

Proof, EXT2 P1 2006 HSC 8a

EXT 2: Proof (Ext2), P1 Nature of Proof (Ext2)
Suppose
Proof and Inequalities
Teacher: Madhu Narayanan (i) Show that
Exam Equivalent Time: 103.5 minutes (based on HSC allocation of 1.5 minutes approx.
per mark)
(2 marks)

(ii) Hence show that

Questions
(1 mark)
1. Proof, EXT2 P1 2018 HSC 9 MC
It is given that , are real and , are purely imaginary. (iii) By integrating the expressions in the inequality in part (ii) with respect to from to
Which pair of inequalities must always be true? , show that
A.
(2 marks)
B.

C. (iv)
Hence show that for
D.

(1 mark)
2. Proof, EXT2 P1 2017 HSC 10 MC
Suppose is a differentiable function such that

5. Proof, EXT2 P1 2015 HSC 15c

, for all and .

For positive real numbers and , . (Do NOT prove this.)

Which statement is always true?
(i) Prove
A.
, for positive real numbers and (1 mark)

B.
(ii) Prove

C. , for positive real numbers and (2 marks)

D.

3. Proof, EXT2 P1 2017 HSC 13a

Show that for and . (1 mark)

6. Proof, EXT2 P1 SM-Bank 6 11. Proof, EXT2 P1 2012 HSC 15a
If and , then (i) Prove that

i. Prove (2 marks)
, where and . (1 mark)
ii. If , show
(ii) If , show that . (2 marks)
(2 marks)
(iii) Let and be positive integers with . Prove that

(2 marks)
7. Proof, EXT2 P1 SM-Bank 7
(iv) For integers , prove that
i. Given and show
. (1 mark)

(2 marks)

ii. If show 12. Proof, EXT2 P1 2015 HSC 15b

Suppose that and is a positive integer.
(2 marks)
(i) Show that

(2 marks)
8. Proof, EXT2 P1 2011 HSC 5b
If and are positive real numbers and , prove that (ii) Hence, or otherwise, show that

(3 marks)
(2 marks)

(iii) Hence, explain why

9. Proof, EXT2 P1 2016 HSC 14c
Show that for (3 marks) (1 mark)

10. Proof, EXT2 P1 2007 HSC 7a

13. Proof, EXT2 P1 2018 HSC 15c
(i) Show that for (2 marks)
Let be a positive integer and let be a positive real number.
(ii)
Let . i. Show that . (1 mark)

Show that the graph of is concave up for (2 marks) ii. Hence, show that . (2 marks)

(iii) By considering the first two derivatives of , iii. Deduce that for positive real numbers and ,

(2 marks)
show that for (2 marks)
14. Proof, EXT2 P1 2012 HSC 16c 16. Proof, EXT2 P1 2014 HSC 16b
Let be an integer where . Integers from to inclusive are selected randomly one by Suppose is a positive integer.
one with repetition being possible. Let be the probability that exactly different integers are
(i) Show that
selected before one of them is selected for the second time, where .
(i) Explain why
. (3 marks)

. (2 marks)

(ii) Use integration to deduce that

(ii) Suppose . Show that . (2 marks)

(iii) Show that if . (2 marks)

then the integers and satisfy . (2 marks)

(iii) Explain why

(iv) Hence show that if is not a perfect square, then is greatest when is the
closest integer to . . (1 mark)

You may use part (iii) and also that if . (2 marks)

17. Proof, EXT2 P1 2014 HSC 15a

15. Proof, EXT2 P1 2013 HSC 16a Three positive real numbers , and are such that and .

(i) Find the minimum value of By considering the expansion of , or otherwise, show that
, for (2 marks)

. (2 marks)

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, show that for ,

Copyright © 2004-19 The State of New South Wales (Board of Studies, Teaching and Educational Standards NSW)
(1 mark)

(iii) Hence, or otherwise, show that for and ,

(2 marks)
Worked Solutions 2. Proof, EXT2 P1 2017 HSC 10 MC

1. Proof, EXT2 P1 2018 HSC 9 MC

♦ Mean mark 41%.

a b x

3. Proof, EXT2 P1 2017 HSC 13a

4. Proof, EXT2 P1 2006 HSC 8a (iv)

(i)

5. Proof, EXT2 P1 2015 HSC 15c

(i)

(ii)

(ii)

♦♦ Mean mark 29%.

(iii)
6. Proof, EXT2 P1 SM-Bank 6 7. Proof, EXT2 P1 SM-Bank 7
i.
i.

ii.

ii.
8. Proof, EXT2 P1 2011 HSC 5b 9. Proof, EXT2 P1 2016 HSC 14c

♦ Mean mark 41%. ♦ Mean mark 39%.

10. Proof, EXT2 P1 2007 HSC 7a 11. Proof, EXT2 P1 2012 HSC 15a

(i) (i)

MARKER'S COMMENT: A
geometric proof using arc length
and a right angled triangle caused
problems as few students could
deal with the case .

(ii)

♦♦ Mean mark part (ii) 28%.

(ii)

(iii)

(iii)

♦ Mean mark part (iii) 39%.

 12. Proof, EXT2 P1 2015 HSC 15b

(i)

(iv)

♦♦♦ Mean mark part (iv) just 2%!

♦♦ Mean mark 21%.

(ii) STRATEGY: The conversion of the
middle term from a fraction into a
logarithm should flag the need for
integration of each term.

(iii)

♦♦ Mean mark 29%.

13. Proof, EXT2 P1 2018 HSC 15c 14. Proof, EXT2 P1 2012 HSC 16c

i. (i)

♦♦♦ Mean mark part (i) 7%.

ii.

♦♦♦ Mean mark 11%.

♦ Mean mark part (ii) 38%.

(ii)

iii.

♦♦ Mean mark 23%.

♦♦♦ Mean mark part (iii) 10%.

(iii)
 15. Proof, EXT2 P1 2013 HSC 16a

(i) ♦ Mean mark 43%.

STRATEGY: The best responses
carefully considered the domain
restrictions, notably

(iv)

♦♦♦ Mean mark part (iii) 1%.

♦ Mean mark 47%.

(ii)

(iii) ♦♦ Mean mark 19%.

STRATEGY: The best responses
carefully considered the domain
restrictions, notably
16. Proof, EXT2 P1 2014 HSC 16b

(i)

♦♦ Mean mark 12%.

STRATEGY: Applying the GP
formula and simplifying the
middle term is worth 2 full marks
in this question.

(ii)

♦ Mean mark 43%.

(iii)

♦♦ Mean mark 28%.

17. Proof, EXT2 P1 2014 HSC 15a

♦♦ Mean mark 13%.

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