VT oy90 Dd ett 90 L 3D a 4 a = (2) Long vowels I 4 is represented by adding &. okasan (mother) 4% % A. mama (so-so) I ii and 7 are represented by adding \». oniisan (older brother) #5{=\.% 4, gjiisan/ojisan (grandfather) I G is represented by adding 7. yiigata (early evening) > 5.472, chiigoku (China) ki (air) + taifi (typhoon) I 6 is represented by adding 2 in the words of Japanese origin, onésan (older sister) HAAS A Ml cis written in Z\» in the words of Chinese origin. Eigo (English) 2+<', ylimei (famous) sensei (teacher) ~ gakusei (studnet) I 6 is represented by adding 7. sayonara Xt 5% 5, byoin (hospital) + kyo (today) Damo arigatd gozaimasu. I In some words it is traditionally written in 3. okii (big) BLS \. to (ten) » tori (street) (2) Double consonants I Double consonants (kk, pp, ss, and tt) are represented by small >. As small > indicates| @ one-syllable pause, the mouth prepares for the pronunciation of the next syllable. gakk6 (school) 2. ikkai (once) ikko (one small object) ~ roppyakuen (¥600) Juppun (10 min.) + kippu (ticket) ippon (one long object) » ippiki (one small animal) zasshi (magazine) + issatsu (one book)(3) ji and zu are usually written in U and ¥. In few cases, they are traditionally written in 6 and 7. sanji (3:00) » Jisho (dictionary) chizu (map) ~ mizu (water) (4) wa using as a particle is written in |, not 4. Kyo wa doyabi desu. (Today is Saturday) 2312 YLIECH. Watashi wa nihonjin desu. (I'm Japanese.) (5) using as a particle is written in %, not 4. Osake o nomimasu. (I drink sake.) BSI}Z OAETF. Sore o misete kudasai. (Please show me that.) (6) e using as a particle is written in ~, not 2. Shibuya e ikimasu. (I'm going to Shibuya) LSPA WSET. Doko e ikimasuka. (Where are you going?) (1) For words of foreign origin (2) For onomatopoeia eg. 77 (wanwan) = bowwow (8) For the names of some animals and insects (4) For the emphasis of some words e.g. XHILTX TF. (1) Long vowels are represented by a dash, “—.” (2) Double consonants (kk, pp, ss, tt ete.) are represented by small tsu, ».