MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON

(0018)

Program Name and Code : ME 5I (A)

Course Name and Code : EMD (22564)
Academic Year : 2023-24
Semester : Fifth

A MICRO PROJECT
ON
Types Of Springs

Submitted by the group of 3 students

Sr. Roll Enrollment

Name of student Seat No.
No. No. No.
1 10 Vedant Vijaykumar 2100180528
Bhangale
2 37 Sushil Prabhakar Patil 2100180643
3 60 Vipul Hemant Zope 2100180695

Project Guide
Prof. P. S. Kulkarni
(Lecturer in EMD)
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Group Copy Roll No.10, 37, 60 of Fifth Semester
of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (A) of Institute Government
Polytechnic, Jalgaon (0018) has completed the Micro Project
satisfactorily in the Subject Element Of Machine Design for the
Academic Year 2023-24 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Jalgaon Enrolment No:2100180528, 643 ,695

Date: Exam Seat No:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Seal of
Institution
 GOVTERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
JALGAON

-SUBMISSION-

I V.V.B, S.P.P, V.H.Z Roll No./Seat NO. 10, 37, 60 as a student of 5thSem/Year
of the Programme Mechanical Engineering humbly submit that I have completed
from time to time the Practical/Micro-Project work as described in this report by
my own skills and study between the period from / / 2023 to / / 2023
as per instructions/guidance of Prof. P. S. Kulkarni.
And that following students were associated with me for this work, however,
quantum of my contribution has been approved by the Lecturer.
And that I have not copied the report on its any appreciable part from any
other literature in contravention of the academic ethics.

Date: ……/…../2022 Signature of Student

1)
2)
3)
 Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year: 2023-24 Name of the Faculty: Prof. P. S. Kulkarni

Course: EMD Course code: 22564
Semester: 5th
Title of the project: Types Of Springs
COs addressed by Micro Project:
A. Select suitable materials for designing machine Elements.
B. Design joints and levers for various applications.
C. Design of power transmission elements like shafts, keys and coupling.
D. Recommend the power screws and sutiable fasteners for different
applications.
E. Choose springs for various applications .
F. Select standard components with their specifications from manufactures
catalogue.

Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal

communication (if any)
…………………………………………………………………………………

Marks out of 6 Marks out of

for 4for
Roll Student Name performance in performance Total
No group activity in oral/ out of
(D5 Col.8) presentation 10
(D5 Col.9)
10 Vedant Vijaykumar
Bhangale
37 Sushil Prabhakar Patil
60 Vipul Hemant Zope
 WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT
SR.NO. WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN OF GUIDE DATE
1 Discussion and
finalization of topic

2 Preparation and
First submission of Abstract
3 Week Literature Review

4 Collection of Data

5 Collection of Data

6 Discussion and outline of

Second Content
Week
7 Formulation of Content

8 Editing and proof Reading

of
Content
9 Compilation of Report
And Presentation
10 Seminar
Third
11 Week Viva voce

12 Final submission of Micro

Project

Sign of the student Sign of the faculty

 ACKNOWLEDGE

The success and final outcome of this project required a lot

of guidance and assistance from many people and we are
extremely privileged to have got this all along the completion of
our project. All that we have done is only due to such supervision
and assistance and we would not forget to thank them.
We respect and thank Dr. Parag Patil, Principal,
Government Polytechnic, Jalgaon for providing us an
opportunity to do the project work in the institute and giving us
all support and guidance which made us complete the project
duly. We are extremely thankful to Dr. Parag Patil Sir for
providing such a nice support and guidance.
We heartily thank Mr. D. M. Patil Head Department of
Mechanical Engineering , for his guidance, suggestions and
encouragement during this project work.
We owe our deep gratitude to our project guide, Prof. P. S.
Kulkarni , who took keen interest on our project work and guided
us all along, till the completion of our project work by providing
all the necessary information for developing a good system.
We are thankful to and fortunate enough to get constant
encouragement, support and guidance from all the Teaching
staffs of Department of Mechanical Engineering which helped us
in successfully completing our project work.
 Index
Sr.no Topic Page No.

1 Introduction 8

2 Types of springs 9

3 Compression 11
spring

4 Tension spring 12

5 Torsion spring 13

6 Leaf spring 14

7 Concial Spring 15

8 Gaster spring 16

9 Belleville spring 17

10 Material of spring 18

11 Application 19

12 Advantages and 20
Disadvantages

13 Conclusion 22
 INTRODUCTIONS
Springs are mechanical components used to store and release energy.
They are typically made of metal wire or flat spring steel, and come in a
variety of shapes and sizes. Springs can be used in a wide range of
applications, from simple household items like clothespins and door
hinges, to complex machinery like automobiles and aircraft.

A spring is a flexible, elastic device used to store mechanical energy.

When a force is applied to a spring, it expands or contracts to a certain
extent, and when the force is released, the spring attempts to return to
its earlier state.

Springs can be made of a variety of elastic materials, including fluids,

but springs used in mechanical devices are generally made of metal.
They also vary in shape; familiar shapes being helical, spiral, and flat

There are two main types of springs: compression springs and tension
springs. Compression springs are designed to resist compression and
store energy when a force is applied to them, while tension springs are
designed to resist tension and store energy when they are stretched.
Springs can also be categorized based on their shape, which can include
cylindrical, conical, and helical (coil) springs. The shape of the spring
determines its characteristics, such as its spring rate (the amount of force
required to compress or stretch the spring a certain distance) and its
maximum load capacity. Springs are commonly used in many industries,
including automotive, aerospace, construction, and manufacturing. They
are essential components in many products, providing support, stability,
and flexibility.
 TYPES OF SPRINGS

1. Helical Springs
• Tension coil spring
• Compression spring
• Torsion Spring
• Spiral Springs

2. Leaf Springs

3. Disc Springs
• Belleville
• Slotted Disc
• Contact Disc
• Curved Spring
• Wave Spring
• Finger Washer
 1. Compression Springs

Compression springs are the most common type of spring and are designed to resist
compression. They are made from a variety of materials, including steel, stainless
steel, and titanium, and come in a range of sizes and shapes

The amount of force a compression spring can exert is determined by its spring rate,
which is the amount of force required to compress the spring a certain distance.
This rate is calculated based on the wire diameter, coil diameter, and number of
coils in the spring.

To ensure that compression springs work effectively and safely, it is important to

choose the right size and material for the specific application. It is also important to
properly install and maintain the springs to prevent failure or damage.

APPLICATIONS:-

• Medical devices.
• Electronics.
• Precision instruments and tools.
• Industrial equipment.
• Mining and drilling equipment.
• Pens or notebooks.
• Toys, Mattresses.
 2. Tension Springs

Tension springs, also known as extension springs, are mechanical devices used to
store and release energy. They work by extending or stretching when a load is
applied and returning to their original length when the load is released.
Tension springs are typically made from various materials such as steel, stainless
steel, or music wire. They are designed with tightly wound coils that exert force
when extended. The ends of the spring are often formed into hooks, loops, or other
configurations to attach to the components being pulled.
Overall, tension springs play a vital role in various industries by providing controlled
extension and retraction forces. Understanding their properties, applications, and
maintenance requirements is essential for their safe and effective use.

APPLICATION:-
• automotive suspensions,
• garage doors,
• trampolines,
• industrial machinery,
• medical devices, and
• many other products where controlled extension and retraction are required.
 3. Torsional Spring

Torsion springs, also known as helical springs, are mechanical devices used to store
and release rotational energy. They work by twisting or rotating when a torque or
load is applied and returning to their original position when the load is released.
Torsion springs are typically made from materials such as steel, stainless steel, or
bronze. They are designed with tightly wound coils that exert torque when twisted.
The ends of the spring are often formed into legs or arms that attach to the
components being rotated.
torsion springs are essential components in various industries that require
rotational force or torque. Understanding their properties, applications, and
maintenance requirements is important for their safe and effective use.
APPLICATIONS:-
• garage doors
• clothespins
• mouse traps
• door hinges
• Levers
• various other products where rotational force or torque is required.
 4. Leaf Spring

A leaf spring is a simple form of spring commonly used

for suspension in wheeled vehicles. Originally called a laminated or carriage spring,
and sometimes referred to as a semi-elliptical spring, elliptical spring, or cart
spring, it is one of the oldest forms of vehicle suspension. A leaf spring is one or
more narrow, arc-shaped, thin plates that are attached to the axle and chassis in a
way that allows the leaf spring to flex vertically in response to irregularities in the
road surface. Lateral leaf springs are the most commonly used arrangement,
running the length of the vehicle and mounted perpendicular to the wheel axle, but
numerous examples of transverse leaf springs exist as well.
Leaf springs can serve multiple suspension functions: location, springing, and to
some extent damping as well, through interleaf friction. However, this friction is
not well controlled, resulting in stiction and irregular suspension motions. For this
reason, some manufacturers have used mono-leaf springs.
leaf springs are an important part of the suspension system in vehicles, providing
support, stability, and shock absorption. Understanding their design, maintenance
requirements, and customization options is important for their safe and effective
use.
APPLICATIONS:-

• Leaf spring Bus/truck/Car suspension springs,

• diving board,

• Sketch of Leaf Spring of semi elliptical Type

 5. Conical Spring

Conical springs, also known as tapered springs or conical compression springs, are
a type of mechanical spring that is cone-shaped.

Conical springs are designed with a cone shape, where the diameter of the coils
gradually decreases from one end to the other. This tapering design allows the
spring to provide variable spring rates and load capacities. They are typically made
from materials like steel or stainless steel

Conical springs are primarily used in applications where a variable amount of force
or load needs to be applied. The tapering design allows the spring to provide
different levels of resistance or compression depending on the position of the load.
This makes them suitable for applications where the load or force may vary.

APPLICATION:-

• automotive, aerospace

• medical devices

• industrial equipment

• used in valves

• electrical switches

• shock absorbers

• vibration isolation systems.

 6. Grater Spring

A garter spring is a coiled steel spring that is connected at each end to create a
circular shape, and is used in oil seals, shaft seals, belt-driven motors, and electrical
connectors. Compression garter springs exert outward radial forces, while
extension garter springs exert inward radial forces. The manufacturing process is
not much different from the creation of regular coiled springs, with the addition of
joining the ends together. Like most other springs, garter springs are typically
manufactured with either carbon steel or stainless steel wire.

Garter springs are often used as oil seal springs for transmissions and many different
products. By coiling a compression spring or extension spring with male and female
ends you can join them together to form the garter spring. Garter springs have the
following connecting ends. Theirs connector ends, loop connections, and tapered
end connections.
APPLICATION:-
• oil seals,
• shaft seals
• belt-driven motors,
• electrical connectors.
• exercise equipment
• furniture
• playground equipment
 7. Belleville Spring

Belleville springs are designed to provide high load capacity and maintain their
performance over a long period of time. They are commonly used in applications
where there is a need for high force, such as in valves, clutches, and pressure relief
devices.

Belleville springs are widely used in applications where there is a need for high load
capacity, compact size, and reliable performance. They provide a cost-effective
solution for various industries that require strong resistance to forces or precise
control of movement.

APPLICATIONS:-

• gun recoil mechanisms

• pipe flanges
• small machine tools
• Applications where differential expansion could cause relaxation of
a bolt.
 MATERIAL OF SPRINGS
1. Steel: Steel is a widely used material for springs due to its high strength and
durability. It can be further categorized into different types of steel, such as stainless
steel, carbon steel, and alloy steel, each offering different properties.

2. Stainless Steel: Stainless steel springs are known for their excellent corrosion
resistance and high strength-to-weight ratio. They are commonly used in
applications where the spring may be exposed to moisture, chemicals, or extreme
temperatures.

3. Carbon Steel: Carbon steel springs have high tensile strength and good fatigue
resistance, making them suitable for applications requiring high load capacity and
long-term performance.

4. Alloy Steel: Alloy steel springs are made from various alloy compositions, such
as chrome vanadium or chrome silicon, to enhance their strength, durability, and
resistance to fatigue.

5. Nickel-based Alloys: Nickel-based alloys, such as Inconel or Monel, offer superior

strength and heat resistance. They are commonly used in high-temperature
applications or environments where the spring needs to withstand extreme
conditions.

6. Titanium: Titanium springs are lightweight and have excellent corrosion

resistance. They are often used in aerospace and military applications where weight
reduction and high strength are critical.
 APPLICATIONS
1. Automotive: Springs are used in suspension systems, engine valves, clutch
mechanisms, and seat belts.

2. Aerospace: Springs are used in landing gear systems, control surfaces, and engine
components.

3. Industrial Machinery: Springs are used in conveyor systems, agricultural

equipment, valves, and pumps.

4. Medical Devices: Springs are used in surgical instruments, prosthetics, and

medical equipment.

5. Electronics: Springs are used in connectors, switches, and battery contacts.

6. Furniture: Springs are used in mattresses, chairs, and sofas for cushioning and
support.

7. Construction: Springs are used in door hinges, garage doors, and window
mechanisms.

8. Sports Equipment: Springs are used in bicycles, trampolines, and exercise

machines.

9. Toys: Springs are used in wind-up toys and mechanical toys.

10. Watches and Clocks: Springs are used in the mechanisms that power the
movement of watches and clocks.
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• Advantages of Springs:

1. Elasticity: Springs have the ability to deform under load and then return

to their original shape when the load is removed. This allows them to
absorb and store energy, making them ideal for applications that require
shock absorption or vibration dampening.

2. Versatility: Springs come in a wide range of sizes, shapes, and

materials, allowing them to be customized to meet specific application
requirements.

3. Cost-effective: Springs are relatively inexpensive to manufacture

compared to other mechanical components, making them a cost-
effective solution for many applications.

4. Durability: Springs are designed to withstand repeated cycles of

compression and expansion without losing their performance or
structural integrity.

5. Easy installation: Springs are typically easy to install and replace,

minimizing downtime and maintenance costs.
 • Disadvantages of Springs:

1. Limited lifespan: While springs are designed to be durable, they do

have a limited lifespan and may eventually wear out or break under
constant use or extreme conditions.

2. Size limitations: Depending on the application, the size and weight of

the required spring may be a limitation. Large or heavy-duty springs can
be challenging to manufacture and install.

3. Variable performance: The performance of springs can be affected by

factors such as temperature, humidity, and fatigue. It is important to
consider these factors when selecting and designing springs for specific
applications.

4. Potential for failure: If not properly designed or maintained, springs

can fail, leading to equipment malfunction or safety hazards. Regular
inspection and maintenance are necessary to ensure reliable
performance.
 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, springs offer numerous advantages such as their elasticity,
versatility, cost-effectiveness, durability, and easy installation. They are
able to absorb and store energy, making them suitable for shock
absorption and vibration dampening. Additionally, springs come in
various sizes, shapes, and materials, allowing for customization to meet
specific application requirements. They are relatively inexpensive to
manufacture and can withstand repeated cycles of compression and
expansion without losing performance. However, springs do have
limitations such as a limited lifespan, size constraints, variable
performance, and the potential for failure if not properly designed or
maintained. Despite these disadvantages, the advantages of springs
make them a popular choice in many industries.
 REFRENECES
• https://www.rapiddirect.com/blog/types-of-springs-and-
applications/#:~:text=There%20are%20three%20main%20t
ypes,spiral%20spring%2C%20and%20compression%20spri
ng.
• https://www.fictiv.com/articles/types-of-springs-and-their-
applications-an-overview
• https://waykenrm.com/blogs/types-of-springs/
• https://www.grainger.com/know-how/equipment/kh-
types-springs