PLANNING 2: FUNDAMENTALS OF

PLANNING & COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE

THE SOCIO-
CULTURAL BASIS
OF THE DESIGN OF
COMMUNITIES

PREPARED BY:
CRISTOBAL, LUIS EZEKI EL B
THE SOCIO-CULTURAL BASIS

PRESENTATION
OUTLINE
Examples of the ff.

1. DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURES
2. ETHNO-LINGUISTIC COMMUNITIES
3. SOCIAL STRUCTURES

Defenition and example of the ff.

1. INHERITANCE
2. RELIGIOUS BELIEFS & PRACTICES
3. INDIVIDUAL & GROUP ATTITUDES
4. HISTORY
STRUCTURE
THE SOCIO-CULTURAL BASIS

Demographi c structure refers to

how a popul ati on i s composed i n
terms of i mportant demographi c
factors l i ke age, gender, ethni ci ty,
educati on, i ncome, mari tal status,
and empl oyment. Havi ng a thorough
grasp of how these factors are
di stri buted among the popul ati on i s
cruci al for understandi ng the soci al ,
economi c, and pol i ti cal dynami cs
wi thi n a speci fi c communi ty.
Quezon City, the largest city in Metro Manila
with a population of 2.3 million as of 2023
Quezon City is one of the most densely
populated cities in the country. It also has a
mix of age groups, with a significant portion of
its population belonging to younger age
brackets due to factors such as migration,
urbanization, and a relatively high birth rate

Quezon City's cultural diversity is enriched by

its residents, who hail from diverse ethnic
backgrounds across the Philippines. Moreover,
the city's population is further enriched by a
substantial influx of migrants from various
regions, creating a vibrant blend of cultures.
COMMUNITIES
ETHNO-LINGUISTIC
COMMUNITIES

E t h n o - l i n g u i s t i c c o mmu n i t i e s a r e g r o u p s o f p e o p l e u n i t e d
b y s h a r e d c u l t u r a l h e r i t a g e , e n c o mp a s s i n g l a n g u a g e ,
t r a d i t i o n s , c u s t o ms , a n d s o c i a l n o r ms . T h e s e c o mmu n i t i e s
a r e t y p i c a l l y d i s t i n g u i s h e d b y t h e i r l i n g u i s t i c s i mi l a r i t i e s ,
as language plays a central role in shaping their cultural
identity.

E t h n o - l i n g u i s t i c c o mmu n i t i e s p l a y a v i t a l r o l e i n t h e
p r e s e r v a t i o n a n d t r a n s mi s s i o n o f c u l t u r a l h e r i t a g e o v e r
t i me . T h r o u g h t h e ma i n t e n a n c e o f t h e i r l a n g u a g e s ,
t r a d i t i o n s , a n d c u s t o ms , t h e s e c o mmu n i t i e s u p h o l d
u n i q u e i d e n t i t i e s a n d c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e d i v e r s i t y o f h u ma n
c u l t u r e wo r l d wi d e .
ETHNO-LINGUISTIC
COMMUNITIES EXAMPLE

Ethno-l i ngui sti c i nfl uence on Phi l i ppi ne

archi tecture i s evi dent i n the tradi ti onal I fugao
houses l ocated i n the Cordi l l era regi on. These
houses, characteri sti c of the I fugao peopl e
known for thei r ri ce terraces and cul tural
heri tage, demonstrate di sti ncti ve archi tectural
styl es rooted i n thei r l i festyl e and cul tural
tradi ti ons.

Symbol i sm hol ds consi derabl e i mportance i n

I fugao archi tecture, where el aborate carvi ngs
and moti fs embel l i sh the exteri ors. These
decorati ons frequentl y portray ancestral bei ngs,
wi l dl i fe, or geometri c desi gns, servi ng as vi sual
expressi ons of the I fugao communi ty' s spi ri tual
convi cti ons and cul tural heri tage.
SOCIAL STRUCTURES
A sociocultural system represents the intersection of
three components: society, culture, and structure.
Within this framework, society employs a collective
repertoire of learned behaviors and tangible outcomes
to promote overall improvement. Key components
influencing societies include education, family
dynamics, political systems, religious institutions,
legal frameworks, and the realms of arts and
recreation.

it is an organized arrangements of relationships and

institutions within a society that influence how
people interact, assume roles, and behave. These
structures comprise institutions, organizations,
hierarchies, and norms, collectively shaping the
framework for individual and group functioning and
interaction within a society.
SOCIAL STRUCTURES
EXAMPLES

The Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) was

established to preserve, promote, and develop Filipino
arts and culture. It provides a venue for various forms
of artistic expression, including music, dance, theater,
visual arts, literature, and film. The CCP celebrates
the rich cultural heritage of the Philippines, fostering
national pride and identity, while also supporting
contemporary artistic innovation. Furthermore, it
serves as a hub for cultural exchange and
collaboration, both domestically and internationally,
contributing to the enrichment of global cultural
discourse.

the CCP serves as a vital institution within the social

structure, contributing to the enrichment of society
through its promotion of Filipino arts and culture.
INHERITANCE
INHERITANCE
In urban design, inheritance encompasses a multitude
of factors shaping a city's evolution, including its
historical and cultural legacy, as well as its social,
environmental, and economic dimensions. Recognizing
and honoring these inherited elements is crucial for
crafting urban environments that are sustainable,
dynamic, and adaptable.

Inherited buildings, landmarks, and infrastructure

serve as a historical foundation for urban growth,
impacting new developments and safeguarding the
city's unique identity. They mirror the traditions and
values of previous eras, directing urban planners to
design spaces that connect with residents and uphold
cultural heritage.
SOCIAL STRUCTURES
EXAMPLES

Jollibee Intramuros and Jollibee Rizal Park are prime

examples of structures that showcase inheritance
in terms of location and architectural design. These
establishments are situated in significant
landmarks that hold great historical importance in
the Philippines. Intramuros, for instance, is
characterized by old structures dating back to the
Spanish colonial era, reflecting a rich heritage.
Drawing inspiration from this, Jollibee Intramuros
and Rizal Park branches incorporate architectural
styles that seamlessly blend with their
surroundings. By doing so, they establish their own
identity while harmonizing with the historical
structures from the past.
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
AND PRACTICES
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
AND PRACTICES

Re l i g i o u s c o n v i c t i o n s f r e q u e n t l y s h a p e a r c h i t e c t u r a l
s t y l e s a n d c o mp o s i t i o n s , y i e l d i n g e d i f i c e s t h a t f u l f i l l b o t h
p r a c t i c a l a n d s y mb o l i c r o l e s . Be l o w a r e s e v e r a l e x a mp l e s
of how religious beliefs and practices are reflected in
architectural design.

it is also influenced by cultural traditions, regional

a e s t h e t i c s , a n d h i s t o r i c a l c o n t e x t s . As a r e s u l t , r e l i g i o u s
b u i l d i n g s ma y v a r y i n s t y l e a n d d e s i g n b a s e d o n
geographical location and cultural background.
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
AND PRACTICES EXAMPLE

The Binondo church was established by Dominican

priests in 1596 to cater to the Chinese Christian
converts residing in the Binondo district, where
Spanish authorities allowed Chinese and Chinese
mestizos to settle. Additionally, the church
extended its services to native Filipino Christians.

The church's architectural style is based on Spanish

or European Baroque design, and it is particularly
distinguished by its octagonal five-tier Chinese-
style bell tower, which reflects the culture and art
of the surrounding Chinatown. This serves as an
example of how religion and other beliefs can be
manifested within a single structure.
INDIVIDUAL &
GROUP ATTITUDES
INDIVIDUAL & GROUP
ATTITUDE

Individual and group socio-cultural factors intricately

i n t e r p l a y t o s h a p e t h e d y n a mi c s o f s o c i e t i e s . I n d i v i d u a l l y ,
personal beliefs, values, education, upbringing, and life
e x p e r i e n c e s i mp r i n t d i s t i n c t i mp r i n t s o n o n e ' s wo r l d v i e w
and behavior.

Cu l t u r a l t r a d i t i o n s , r i t u a l s , a n d p r a c t i c e s a r e t r a n s mi t t e d
a c r o s s g e n e r a t i o n s wi t h i n s o c i a l c o mmu n i t i e s . T h e s e
c u l t u r a l c o mp o n e n t s p l a y a r o l e i n d e f i n i n g t h e g r o u p ' s
identity and fostering unity, influencing collective
experiences and social interactions.
INDIVIDUAL & GROUP
ATTITUDE EXAMPLE

The Ivatan people of the Batanes islands exhibit a distinct

cultural identity molded by resilience, geographical
isolation, and historical legacies. Their tight-knit
communities foster collectivism and mutual support, seen
in traditional practices like farming and fishing. Ivatan
culture is upheld through their unique language, Ivatan, and
rich oral traditions. Customs and rituals, such as weddings
and religious ceremonies, reinforce social bonds and
cultural unity.

It reflects how a group influences individual beliefs, attire,

livelihood, and, in terms of architecture, the houses they
build. The use of stone, lime, wood, and thatch roof made of
cogon for Ivatan houses are also the materials used by the
people within this group. This demonstrates the unity of the
group and the structures that create their own identity.
HISTORY
HISTORY
Hi s t o r y p l a y s a p i v o t a l r o l e i n s h a p i n g s o c i o - c u l t u r a l
f a c t o r s t h r o u g h i t s i n f l u e n c e o n c o l l e c t i v e me mo r i e s ,
t r a d i t i o n s , v a l u e s , a n d s o c i a l s t r u c t u r e s wi t h i n s o c i e t i e s .
E v e n t s l i k e wa r s , r e v o l u t i o n s , a n d c o l o n i z a t i o n l e a v e
l a s t i n g i mp r i n t s o n c o l l e c t i v e me mo r i e s , t h e r e b y
i mp a c t i n g c u l t u r a l n a r r a t i v e s , i d e n t i t y f o r ma t i o n , a n d
p e r c e p t i o n s o f t h e p a s t . Co n s e q u e n t l y , t h e s e h i s t o r i c a l
i n f l u e n c e s s h a p e c o n t e mp o r a r y a t t i t u d e s a n d b e h a v i o r s .

it shaped the socio-cultural aspects by influencing

c o l l e c t i v e i d e n t i t i e s , v a l u e s , n o r ms , a n d i n s t i t u t i o n s
wi t h i n s o c i e t i e s . Gr a s p i n g h i s t o r i c a l c o n t e x t s i s v i t a l f o r
u n d e r s t a n d i n g p r e s e n t - d a y s o c i o - c u l t u r a l d y n a mi c s a n d
tackling societal issues effectively.
HISTORY
EXAMPLE

The history of Cagsawa underscores the complex

interplay between humanity and the natural world,
highlighting the lasting impact of historical
catastrophes on shaping the cultural fabric of a
region.

The history of Cagsawa has influenced the way

people live in Albay. Since its eruption, the town of
Cagsawa has become a ruin due to its hazardous
location. Because of this, ordinances have been
established to regulate the construction of
structures outside the designated danger radius of
the volcano.
REFERENCE
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S014759671000065X#:~:text=Demographic%20structure%20describes%20the%20age,of%20the%20working%
2Dage%20population.

https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/ethnolinguistic-group/72624#:~:text=A%20group%20of%20people%20that,their%20language%20and%20cultural%20heritage.

https://blogs.ntu.edu.sg/nisth/2021/09/08/sociocultural-
system/#:~:text=A%20sociocultural%20system%20is%20a,behaviors%2C%20for%20the%20general%20betterment.

https://www.millenniumhotels.com/en/attractions/asia/phillipines/manila/cultural-center-of-the-
philippines/#:~:text=The%20Cultural%20Centre%20of%20the,and%20international%20productions%20and%20programs.

https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/artepolis-20/125964896

https://www.fabulousphilippines.com/binondo-church-manila.html
https://www.quora.com/How-do-sociocultural-factors-influence-individual-behaviour-and-identity

https://www.journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/muhon/article/view/6304#:~:text=Abstract,houses%20found%20in%20European%20hinterla
nds.

https://www.alluringworld.com/cagsawa-ruins/