I. Đảo ngữ là gì?

Đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh là cách đưa phó từ (hoặc trạng từ) và trợ động từ trong
câu lên đầu câu, phía trước chủ ngữ để nhấn mạnh thêm tính chất hoặc hành động
của chủ ngữ.

Ví dụ 1: I met him only once = Only once did I meet him.

 Phó từ trong câu: Only once

 Trợ động từ quá khứ của câu: did

Ví dụ 2: They sing beautifully = Beautifully do they sing.

 Phó từ trong câu: beautifully

 Trợ động từ trong câu: do

II. Cấu trúc đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh

1. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ chỉ tần suất

Never/ Rarely/ Seldom/ Little + trợ động từ + S + V

(không bao giờ/hiếm khi ai đó làm gì)

Ví dụ:
  I have never worked so hard in all my life = Never have I worked so hard in
all my life.
 I have rarely worked lazy in all my life = Rarely have I worked so lazy in all
my life.

2. Đảo ngữ cấu trúc NO SOONER…. THAN = HARDLY … WHEN

No sooner + trợ động từ + S + V + than + S + V = Hardly + trợ động từ + S +

V + when + S + V

(Ngay sau khi/Không bao lâu sau khi … thì…)

Ví dụ:

 No sooner did I arrive home than my family started eating lunch = Hardly
did I arrive home when my family started eating lunch.
 No sooner had Mathew started work than he resigned = Hardly had
Mathew started work when he resigned.

3. Đảo ngữ với cấu trúc câu NOT ONLY… BUT ALSO

Not only + trợ động từ + S + V but S also V

(không chỉ… mà còn)

Ví dụ: Not only were you late for school, but you had also forgotten the homework.

4. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ phủ định có No

Cụm phủ định có No + trợ động từ + S + V

 At no time/ point: chưa từng bao giờ.

 In no way: không còn cách nào.
 On no condition: tuyệt đối không bao giờ.
 On no account = For no reasons: không vì bất cứ lý do nào
 Under/ In no circumstances: trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng sẽ không.
Ví dụ:

 They can’t fix this problem = In no way can they fix this problem.
 They didn’t have to cry that much = On no account did she they that much.
 Leaving home is always a dumb idea = Under no circumstances should we
leave home.

5. Đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh với cấu trúc câu UNTIL/ TILL

Not until/ till + (S+V)/ time + trợ động từ + S + V

(Cho đến khi… thì mới…)

Ví dụ:

 Not until 12pm did she finish her report.

 Not till I told him did he realize that he left his phone at home.
6. Đảo ngữ với Such và So… that: (Quá… đến nỗi mà)
Such + tính từ + N + that + S + V
So + tính từ/trạng từ + trợ động từ + N + that + S + V
Ví dụ: So scary is this movie that I can’t watch for over 3 minutes. (Bộ phim này
đáng sợ đến mức tôi không thể xem quá 3 phút).

7. Đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh với ONLY

 Only after + N/V-ing/(S +V) + trợ động từ + S + V : Chỉ sau khi

 Only by + N/V-ing + trợ động từ + S + V: Chỉ bằng cách
 Only if + (S+V) + trợ động từ + S + V: Chỉ khi, nếu
 Only in this/that way + trợ động từ + S + V: Chỉ bằng cách này/đó
 Only then + trợ động từ + S + V: Chỉ đến lúc đó
 Only when + (S +V) + trợ động từ + S + V: Chỉ đến khi (= Not until)
Ví dụ: Only after finishing your homework can you watch TV. (Chỉ sau khi làm
xong bài tập con mới được xem tivi).
Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to demonstrate the sentence that best
combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

1. Educators are forbidden to bring their phones into the exam room. There is
no exception whatsoever.

A. In no way are educators prohibited from bringing their phones into the exam
room.
B. Under no circumstances are educators prohibited from bringing their
phones into the exam room.
C. On no account are educators permitted to bring their phones into the exam
room.
D. At no time were educators permitted to bring their phones into the exam
room.

2. Café shops are forbidden to serve over ten customers at a time during social
distancing. There is no exception at all.

A. On no account are cafe shops permitted to serve over ten customers at a time
during social distancing.
B. In no way are cafe shops prohibited from serving over ten customers at a
time during social distancing.
C. At no time were cafe shops permitted to serve over ten customers at a time
during social distancing.
D. Under no circumstances are cafe shops prohibited from serving over ten
customers at a time during social distancing.

3. Online publication of pirated publications is illegal. Many Internet

consumers still commit the offence.

A. Such is the offence of many Internet users that online publication of pirated
publications is illegal.
B. As long as many Internet users commit the offence, online publication of
pirated distributions is illegal.
C. Were online publication of pirated publications illegal, many Internet users
wouldn’t commit the offence.
 D. Illegal though online publication of pirated publications is, many
Internet users still commit the offence.

4. Some phone applications are very tempting. They may expose users to
identify theft.

A. So tempting are some phone applications that they limit users’ exposure to
identify theft.
B. Tempting though some phone applications are, they may expose users to
identify theft.
C. It is the temptation of identity theft that exposes users to some phone
applications.
D. Not only is identify theft tempting, it also exposes users to some phone
applications.

Exercise 2: Rewrite.

1. She had never been so happy before.

=> Never before had she been so happy…………………………………………
2. One rarely finds good service these days.
=> Rarely does one find good service these days …………………………………
3. He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me.
=> Not only did he spend all his money but he also borrowed some
from me…………………………………………………
4. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
=> No sooner had he left the office than the telephone
rang………………………………………………
5. The door could not be opened without using force.
=> Only ……………………………………………………