§ vang. du phi xe thé thao Va Xe thy khon! thoa man duge. Trony 8 wrong duge sit dung trong (hi he ‘au lich, 000m kinh dia ly hop 2g tk cach ting BP 6% 86 be may © hi nhigt dung ting én, ¢ thuong mai vOi ca haj di Ly hgp ma sat Ce phuong | 6 yeu cl ea trudmg hgp nays Hinh 5.240 mo mo men xoain € ie mot md men xoan ia cho x MN ag h Hinh $.24b md Gt inv diem on cia bé ly hop nay fi pp, by, “an, Bang phuong, phap diéy whi i ing ceding nhur 610 rong phi toa nhigt durge ( au chinh dé dim bao truyén m4 trang. ig, xoin theo ty ! 6 lugng 10 xo ép P iia di dia Ly HOP in cai hai dia ly hop. dua nbd kigu Vone He hy inv diay : a 9 = ang kink Si are ch dre hn a en Sh 75-30 cho du i ki weg 280mm, 12 = 18 cho dung kinh tr — & sa0 cho 6. cao i inh ti, "450mm, Cé thé thay déi durdng kin ay lo eran nit tir ate XO nhd yt stam tht tinh nhs gon cl dia €D- Dé trdnh sy Uy a6 sng ‘ thurimg dat cdc tm dgm ‘cdich nhigt. pialy hop 1 pialy hop 2 pia ming ian piéu khién dia trung gian ) Hinh 5.24: a) Ly hop hai ») 1gp hai dia cho xe du lich cé d6 = 22: u lich eb d6ng co cao té eran ett hp esa 823, Tinh nin ce things coin ca by hyp ma sit ié s ia ly hgp ma si A aa ring po, céng trot | va 46 1 sat bao gbm: hé s6 . a aeHesb dy tre fe ie ting nhigt 46 ly hop ne dy trit cita ly hop 8 9 ly hop hoat déng bi hom tnd pen eee drs ting va an tod, mé 7 long co: M, , m6 men ma sat ly hgp Me péil® 192 lemax. Scanned with CamScanner46 la hé s6 dy trit ctia ly hop. Né Tne Me stn dng co vi lye Ep Néa chon nh qu th khng dim bdo truyén pe ne 8 10%, di 1a 16 xo ép sé gidim theo thi gian sit dung (46 8 oly hop. Con sit bi mon lim gi ne 6p Hhodng 15 = 20%) vi ead TL Ki aga nt kat cfu, 86 hurong cia cdc dia m a ti, Mbt Kh, bu Lm th Ki Ne ‘anh, nin _ a hee a sé ting, lim cho két cfu ly hgp phire y, trong qué trinh str dung, lyre ép ly hi c6 thé gi ~ 309 i “ar ké, tay thude theo logi xe, ngudi thik the crepe Mt 3 ‘si viixe gulich, B= 16~ 2,0 6i véi xe thurong mai hot dng trong dung si binh thong Gi pe 20 — 25 cho xe ti ning, during xdu vi B= 2 ~ 3,0 cho xe vig dt vi doin xe ro mooe. Lim y 1a gia tr] nho ding cho logi ly hop mot dia vi gid trj Kon cho ly gp nhieu dia. bp AP, sudt riéng po Ap suit ring 1 ty 86 gita ve ép clia cde 1b xo ép F vt dign tich bé mgt ma sit A city hop! Po = 4 © imatoeay*(0-d) Trong dé: i 1 sO ba mat ma sét, y la hg s6 ma sat, D va d la during kinh ngoai va dong kinh trong cba dia ma sat. Phy thuge vao chat rong bé mat ma sat, gid tr] dp suit riéng c6 thé chon: khi vat jigu ma sat 1d azbest, po = 1,5 -3,5 Kg/em’; khi vat ligu ma sat 14 gdm kim loai, po 215-20 Kg/em’, Ngudi thiét ké cé thé thay d6i gid tri po bing céch thay di cdc Ipxo.ép 6 kich thuée kha nhau. Trong trudng hop da ma sat c6 dudng kinh ngoai Jon hon 300mm, van téc tnaot & ving phia ngoai dia sé c6 gid tr] rat 1én, trong truimg hop nay cin chon gid tri po nhd. Con 6 i tr} hg s6 dye trit ly hop én, cn chon po Ién hon. Cong trugt riéng | Tudi tho lam vigc cla ly hp phy thudc vio s6 in déng m. & ly hop vi vat ligu ma aaervon di theo si tragt cia dia ma sat, Trung binh, khi chay 100km trong ndi thinh, ly hop 6 t6 déng mé Khodng 500 ~ 600 Jin, Sy déng ly hop thu’ng kém theo cing iugt ly hop va e6 gid tr 16m Khi xe Kh anh so voi Khi xe sang s6. Cong trugt ly hgp duge tinh: mmr G Lr 30i7\ 760 2 ep (ecto +3 Gall Jeg 30 b= khdi hanh (500 - 600v/ph); F 1a ban 2 - Trong dé: n 1a s6 vong quay dng co Khi xe HTTL; wp la hé s6 can tong cong cla kinh bénh xe; i_ 1a ty sO truyén tong cong cia t dung; k a he 86 ty 16, de treme cho sir gia ting m6 men ma sat khi dng ly hop; 6i v6i xe du lich k= 3 - 5. Kgmv/s, xe thuons mai k= 5-15 Kemv/s. Gia tri cong truot riéng 1 thé hién kha n’ing chiv mai mon khi trugt ly hgp duge tinh: ‘an khi 1 ¢6 céc gid tri sau: doi véi ju mai mé ISLA. Ly hgp théa min digu Kign,ch He ieee 12 1,5 -2,5kg/em?s d6i vai xe throng mai Xeti cé trong lugng toan bé dén 5 tan, 193 Scanned with CamScannerrye kgs Gi V6i xe du lie, vty ile 4 tren 5 1a 6 trong Iugng toa" bo wren 5 12Kg/em’, nop niet ming, kim ting nhig, 9. < ag ly hep hs nanh nhigt ME higy d), Gia tej ding nbift . tam chuye” “es ijigu kign kh6 khiin do nhigy i ; Cg. tr cia Ty BOA iy vide HONEST, vay, cdc Chi tidt eta Jy p “dy willy ben Laer “i aa ly hop al khong gay ra sit qué nhigt ess Wa khi kha ning + ny nin BAY oi gy Khoi hug ai in Me a mon va bién COME nha iim hg a ‘ mat ma sat cd the es a nae i ; ‘ va gidam kha ning lam we, hop sinh ra khi xe khoi hanh va dé way ra Cre Cong trvgt Kin nat cia ly bop i bane nh: . a hop, dd ting nhiét 46 cde chi tidt at=— snes dén phn nhigt does a hé sé noi den rt do céng 4 Tro Ld nt ye I Sia gp va bin di ly hop | dia ‘ih a cle Sh ua eed dia: a= 0,25 doi véi dia ép ngoai va bénh qj it ia ép trang gial 4 : va can ily, 3 tia, kh Igmg cde chi it dpe mung nds ¢ TE nit dung ring gi, 7 vi gang = 500!/Ke"C. Bee eae oe Gibco php ea tng nit 8 cho mt Kin dng IF hep Kh xe Ki, tay s6 1 nim trong khoing: At = 8 - 15 °C. Tir day, c6 the tinh ngurgc Iai du, ngurdi thigt ké chon gid trj cho phép cita At sé suy ra cdc Khoi lugng can 06 gi a va dia ép ly hop. Ngodi ra, dé gidm sy gia ting nhigt d6 ly hop, ngudi phai cé cic gidi phap thoat nhiét cho banh da va dia ép cling nhu v6 ly hop bis cdc gin hay riinh téa nhiét. 7 5.2.4, Nie djnh céc thong s6 kich thuée va tinh ton ly hop ma sit Cac théng so kich thuée chinh cia ly hgp ma sat duge xc dinh khi ly hop tz m6 men lén nhat, Con vige tinh todn ly hop 1a tinh kiém nghiém cdc chi tity im trong digu kign chiu téc dng phite hgp khi xe hoat déng. a), Tinh toan dia ma sit Dé ly hop 6 thé truyen duge mé men dng co can c6 bé mat ma sat dit kinder tinh: A = m(Rinax — Rinin)és ttong 46 Rmax Vi Ravn Ia ban kinh ngoai va bin ki trong ciia dia ma sit, i la so dia ma sat. eu ky higu ty sO 2.= A/Menas; cic gid tri hé s6 2 d6i véi J a 5 i hg bi voi ly hop 1 dia xe thane mai Ia 35 — 40 em’/Kgm, ly hgp 2 dia Ti 40 - 45 om®/Kgm; xe du lic 3 30cm*/Kgm. Va chon ty I gitta bin ki y 1é gitta ban kinh t oe ree ao le =0.53—0,75, ching ae th tinh duges MEOH a lama st o= Re Gia trj ban kinh lon nhét ea id trj ban kinh lon nhat cia dia ma sat Cling c6 thé tinh theo céng thre kinh ng phe 1mé men eye dai cita dong co (Nm), Scanned with CamScanner| hye midms di voi xe du lich lay B = 4,7; xe thuong mai la 3,6 va xe chuyén 1,9. a ah durge bin kinh trong cia dia ma sit Ria theo hg s6 ¢ va tinh durge bin dh Hung binh cba dia ma sét R= (Rain + Rnas)/2, Bing $.2 cho mot sO kich thude xan tly hop 1 ia V2 dia nu trong qu enh tinh tn keh thude duo cin din unot qu 350mm thi nguri thigt ké phi chon phuomg én 2 dia ma sat. inh go ‘ i Biing $.2: Kich thuthe dia ma sit ly hyp Dang Kink During kinh | Chigu dii huéng | Chigu diy (mm) ngoai (ram) trong (mm) kinh (D-dy/2 (mm) 150 100. 25 3 160 H0 25 3 180 125 27,5 35 200 130. 35 35 225 150. 37.5 35 250 155 47,5 3.5 280 165 37,5 35 310 175 61,5 4 350 195 71,5 4 4), Tinh todn 1d xo ép Lye cia ciic 16 xo ép duge xdc dinh tir diéu kign truyén m6 men cye dai cla dong ca ma ly hop khéng bj trugt. Mé men ly hgp do Iye ép sinh ra durge tinh: Ma Fue; trong d6 i li s6 bé mat ma sét, F Ia lye dia ép, yl hg s6 ma sét, Rep ld ban inh trung binh cia dia ma sat. Tir diéu kign truyén mé men cyc dai cita dong co, tatinh durge lyre ép F: — BMemax ipRey Néuly hop ding Io xo ép trung tim (1 10 xo), lve 16 xo trung tam sé chinh la lye Fi. Con khi 10 xo trung tim c6 don bay ting lye vai ty s6 truyén K, lye ép stl KF. Néuly hop ding nhiéu 16 xo ép dat theo vong trdn, lye ép sé a: F = Z.Fix, trong 46 Zlas6 lo xo ép. Sé lugng 1d xo ép bo tri theo vong trdn durge chon theo kich thuée dia ma sét nhur & muc 5.2.2, diém d). Lye ép cdc 1d xo bé tri vong khong dugc qué 100Kg, mét sé thong sé 1d xo ép bé tri kiéu vong duge cho trong bing 5.3. Bang 5.3: Thong s6 két edu Ié xo ép kiéu vong Luc lé xo ép Fix (KG) Dudng kinh | Chieu cao lam | So vong 16 xo min ‘max ngoai (mm) | viée 16 xo (mm) 113 13,6 17,5 39,7 14 22,6 24,6 175 39,7 13,5 45 416, 17,5 39,7 10,25 54,5 59 30 39,7 7,25 59 63,5 28,5 39,7 85 195 Scanned with CamScannergq xbe dinh gid tri cla & duge tinh todn khi 1d xo mang duge chia thinh céc dai vite "os 4 6"; trong dé f’ 14 d6 ving do s dai 1 do vi wl Fe Gin bbi cia che di, duge tinh: 1? “nt MANE VA G” Wh d6 vOng do pier fi =Acs e Ge? [1 /a? a as Byte ot @ f= Fae E (5 1) ~2(5-1)+ ine 1a ty s6 gitta 46 cao higu dung cia céc dai va chiéu dai ct i von Son kinh trung binh cia cle di, duge tinh: eee eine - IZ 2th 1(a+e) ag 4521.56 di cia 10 x0 mang, “ D bi toin sire ben cla 1 xo mang theo img suit tong duong khi mé ly hgp va 1 yoming durge dan phing: m2 _ agatha —= _ (d-a)a? +ha ‘a hn 20 +p)" a trong 46: h¢ 86 Poisson 1 = 0,25 di véi thép; g6c nghiéng cia 1d xo mang a= H/(b- g;d= (b:a)/in(b/a), Gid tr] org duuge so sinh véi gidi han chay cia vat ligu khi sé chu kj thap (dudi 10°), ho¥c so vi gidi han mdi cia vat ligu 6 chu trinh mach dap khinén khi s6 cho ky cao (trén 10”). Vt liu thép 1 xo ld céc loai thép €6 silic, c6 thé tim trong cc tiéu chudn cia Viét Nam va cde nude (vi dy tiéu chudin Mj Ia thép 1d xo 9254, 9260), c6 cdc gid tri img suit bén 63 = 1470MPa, va img suat chdy oe = 1325MPa, logi thép nay thudng dugc tai trong dau, 06 d6 cig HRe = 38 - 45. 0) Tinh toan b6 phan giim chan B6 phan gidm chan rung d$ng c6ng huéng cita ly hgp ciing la cdc 16 xo véi céc thong s6 nhu 46 cimg 10 xo va m6 men truyén. So d6 tinh todn nhw hinh 5.26. é cing cia gia chan 1a gia tri mé men cdn truyén dé quay dia chi déng di | 46, so V6i rinh chita 1d xo gidm chén theo céng thite: Co = 17,4.CRi trong dé: C la 46 cig cia mot 1d xo gidm chan (Kg/om?); R la ban kinh trung binh it13 xo gidm chén (m) va i 1a s6 lugng 1d xo giam chan. Cita sb Cin sb trén vo, ‘trén dia ag 2 Hinh 5.26: So dé tinh todn gidm chan ly hep Scanned with CamScannerchdn Mo iting ci@ momen ™= SH Meviing | ge tinh & diém a), MC5.24. Cin yg 8 Nk M6 men truyén cho giam 16 x0 Mix: Mo = Ma + Mn M6 men ma sat cia ly hap Me xo duge tinh: Mi = FsRi. én m6 4 Gia thie ring tdted cific 16 xo gid chin déu i he gta fa Mo nh hay trj ciia My, 0 dat duge khi cdc khe ho oe exe iid chin SB li 2 ik roy éi a SAA ‘ i aa ean tir banh xe chi dong. Cac thingy Sigs da du han ché, tire Li bién dang t6i han © men tir dng co va Ar khi truyen MO men xo gidim chin nhur bing 5.4. i“ ‘ gidm chan dy cau 10. x0 4 Bing 5.4: Thong 0 kel can OS 7 ; 3 ig kinh ngoai gj aidia | So hirgng 1d xo , Odi cig Baal ae | gid chin mat bich ranh chita iy, Dén 250 6-8 Be 250-310 8-10 Tra 310-330 10 oA thurdng duge thiét ké ahd hon chu 4 luc ép hay mé men ban dau khoang 15-4 gia trj m6 men cyc dai truyén cho gidm chan. A thudng lay khodng 25~ 21am, = 1,4 —1,6mm, R = 40 - 60mm, xé ranh nghiéng khoang 1 — 1,5°. Bute kink han ché d = 10— 12mm, ranh dat bO han ché khoang B = 2,5 ~ 4,0mm. Ty ig, durdng kin trung binh ciia 16 xo giém chan Dm va duéng kinh day 16 xo giim ci, d khoang tir 4,5 — 5,5; thong thudng doi v6i 16 xo giam chan chon d = 3-4mn,) = 14 — 19mm, s6 vong n = 6. Ung suat xodin cho phép ciia 1d xo gidm chan fr]= 8000 — 10.000K g/cm’. d). Tinh toan truc ly hgp va céc Truc ly hop 1a m6t chi tiét co khi, Chidu dai cita cita s6 ranh chita 10 x do ciia 1d xo gidm chin, tao ra mot b@ phan co khi khac sé duge tinh ton nhu cdc loai truc co khi Khictt tai trong Li m6 men Ly hop, tuy nhién, can cha ¥ dé tai trong won trén truc ly hypé 6 s& duge ting Ién 20% khi tinh ton. Chiéu dai phan theo hoa lp dia ma siti truc ly hgp duge chon bang gid tri duéng kinh ngoai cia truc then hoa; Gi vaily hop xe tai ning c6 thé ly chiéu dai phan then hoa ly hgp bang 1,4 durdng kinh go ciia true then hoa. Gi tr img suat xoin cho phép ciia truc ly hop [1] = 100- 1.300Kg/em?. Gié trj img sudt chén dap va cit cho phép ciia phan theo hoa tn! hop trong khoang 200 - 300Kg/em?, 5.2.5. Tinh toan cum din d6ng ly hop Din déng ly hop can phai tao ra su déng mo dit st VOL 4 Aenea 1g mé dirt Khoat, dap ly kong aus én: 100 150K cho xe du lich va 150 — 200Kg a me tne a rin 6 ; E ; cnb'ly b Shirai, hop khéng vugt qué 120— 150mm, cho phép diéu chinh trinh ly hgp khi dia ma sat bj mén. Théng thud 4 «ak aang ly MOP ing ty ng (co ki, thy lc) vir doe (eee oe Ot a 008 d a). Tinh toan din dng co khi fong (chan kh6ng, dign). 198 Scanned with CamScanner_. qycia mot din dng ly hop kidu co kht tidy t Eo a Ae Mg cok Ty hop (hit 5.27) duge tu babe nh hinh 5.27, Ty 06 truyén ° aee nap jae 9 tryin tng dave chon trong khong 30-45, Hin win tng eb cin OLY Sw I: Sm = Si + AS) 5; trong do hinh trinh ty do ci 6 bi ty 81% 2~ jovn: 1 fsb bb mbLnn sit AS TA Khong edch gid ee b mp ma wht (AS 1,25 ~ 5 1 cho ly hop mot dia vi AS = 0,4 -0,8mm ch i a 3 ‘ae ch iy op nit da), in cho ly hyp ha dia vi AS » 0,3 Sr Hinh 5.27: So a6 tinh todn dén dng co khi ly hop Hanh trinh toan b6 cia ban dap ly hgp duge xae dinh: ac e Sp = Sm5-G= (s +055) 9 ‘Thuong chon Sp trong Khodng 120~ 150mm. Voi myc dich giém han trinh ting cng ciia bin dap ly hop, ngudi thiet k& cin dim bio d6 cing ving cita tat ca cdc chi tit trong hé théng dan d9ng nhu ban dap, cic don bly, don kéo, cdc thanh,... Vige digu chinh khe hé ly hop sinh ra do sir mai mon dia ma sit durge tién hanh qua vige thay ddi chiéu dai cée dn kéo. Lye ban dap ly hop Fp 4é m6 ly hop duge tinh: F,= Flin trong d6 F la lye ép cfc 1d xo ép, 1yla higu suat co cdu din dng chon tir 06-08. Khi tinh todn, thurong kiém tra véi lye bin dap ly hop cho xe du lich 1a 10- 15Kg, cho xe thuong mai la 15 - 20Kg, Tinh todn bén co cdu din dgng sir dung lye ban dap lén nhat la 40Kg. Bin dap ly hgp durge tinh bén v6i img suat cho phép cia vat ligu ban dap ly hop [0] =500— 600Kg/em:, bin dap ly hop thu’mg sir dung tiét dig cht mhat hoe chir I, ngodi ra bin dap ly hgp cdn duge kiém tra theo ché 49 n dinh doc (flambage). Cing cua mé IY hgp durge tinh & ché 46 udn nhu so dd hinh 5.28. Lye day 6 bi ty mé cia cing cua Qo duge tinh: Q2 = 77 trong dé d, c la cdc cdnh tay ddn (hinh 527); F lle ép 1d xo khi mo hét ly hop. 199 Scanned with CamScannerHinh 5.28: Sa dé tinh todn dan dong cing cua mé ly hop Lye diy Q: do din kéo téc dung lén cing cua duge tinh: Qi = Q..h’/1). trong, bb'va li" li ede khodng céch tic dung dn bay cia cdg cua. Khi biétcée gist 1h, edie mé men uén cfc tiét dign Ai va Az, cling nhu cdc Iyc Qi va Qa, ta eo duge cic tmg sudt ubn: 01 = Qy.li/W1 va o2 = Qz-bo/Wa; trong 46 Wi va Wj m6 men chéng uén cita cdc tiét dign tinh toan hinh 5.28. Khi tinh ton ei ch suiit cho phép ciia cing cua [012] = 100— 200Kg/em?, J aa Hinh 5.29a: He thong dan a6) ng thity lyec ly hop Scanned with CamScannerpytinn coat bait tity Swat pF 4g can Ot dan dOng Ly hop kiew thay tye view bid 5.29% Et eh a i ag a y pop ale abing. 8 8 tinh tod nue hin $,29b, Ty 96 truyén dng eta din dng ro durge tinh: any We wiace aay rong do: dT durdng inh xi lanh chinh, dy tt duemg kinh xi tanh cng the, Thuemg hg iy 30 $0. aS d Minh $.29b: So da tinh todn h¢ thong dan dong thiy lye ly hop iiinh trinh tng eng cita bin dap ly hop xde dinh theo cong thite: dy ce\a Sp= (s+ an5-4)¢ jrigu sult ctia din dong thiy lye ry = 0,8 ~ 0,95, Ngodi ra, cdn c6 din ddng ly hgp c6 trg ye chin khéng cho xe du ich va din dong ly hgp c6 tro lye Khi nén ding nhiu cho céc dong xe thurong mai. 53.116 théng truyén lye 6 16 du Ich HTTL xe du Ich dugc phan logi thanh cdc Jogi chinh sau: + Truytn lye voi hp 86 sin (MT: Manual Transmission). + Truyen lye vai hp 86 ban ty dong (AMT: Automatic Manual Transmission). * Truyén le voi hip 86 tyr dong voi céc ty 96 truytn khde nhau: 0 Hop sé ly hgp kép (DCT: Dual Clutch Transmission), © Hop 86 ty dong thong thudg (AT: Automatic Transmission), bao gom bp bién m6 men thiy Iyc va hop s6 hinh tinh gn phia sau. © Hop 86 ty dong kiéu tryc trung gian. + Hop s6 hybrid. Hop 86 v6 cdp, bién thién lién tye (CVT: Continuous Variable Transmission). fe diy st gidi thigu che nguyen tc thiét ké co ban ctia HTTL xe du Ijch theo phan logi trén, 201 Scanned with CamScanner2 1 Ja 12,29, cha banh ran, so : y 60 verter 2: model co bin Watt én dong 6 1 xoan 3, m6t b lam cha th! : hy Ty 86 cita he thong truy' 0°78. BG ly hap bien mo TC? (Torque corn ign mo 1, bé ly hop khoa vai bo gia” " wat miy bom di " hop 4 durge gin gitta D6 chuyén di v7 i ahuremg, durge gin tes Sho mag chuyén doi 5 va mot bo dieu khien dign t vk bh 8 ni Ne Vai toc dé ding t6c khoang 80% git DA oa boi ly ho Kem ns Khong ting nhicu va b@ bien di mo men Fi i p khéa, ss, 5.5, Phuromg pluip thet Ké tinh coin hop 8? ered (oye 7 dint Trin co os rk toni No pi beh mye 2.2 vi clic muc 5.1, 9°» BAe co ee a me, | Fant inh tin sic kéo de Ia ch” 2. a cic cing la chon so do 6 tri chung hop s6, kicu bé tri hop 1g HTTL, chon de tién hanh thiét ké hop so. Nee an gp sco hi gt bg tht bi eo Ki ME ening c6 thé dling ee han | tide ké ai thiet bi co Kh th6ns dung dé thict ke. Tuy m0 Vidi i mig! co khi gin trén 6 t6 nén con clin c6 cic die digm thiet ké rigng €6 lién ung, du nh banh ring, trye, PRUNE phip c6 dinh ban ring vi trye, 5 bi, ec phap diéu chinh va cde co cau tae dong 1en banh ring khi chuyén s,, chinh xac cae kich thude cia bo truyén luc la kho kkhdin nén cée kich ty, a cae thong ké thie nghigm v6i cdc cng thitethye rg ring hop 86 thudng durge tinh toan qui 5.5.1. Thiét ké tinh ton banh a). Khoang céch true hop so A , Khoang cach truc hp 36 A duge tinh theo céng thite kinh nghigm: A= kg Memax Trong 46: Memax lt m6 men xoin cuc dai cha dong co (Nm); ka la hé s6 then: xe du lich 1a (14,5 — 16), xe (17 ~ 19,5) va xe diesel lt (20,5 ~ 215i: hop s6 phy va hop s6 phan phéi la (17 - 21,5). Diya trén két qua tinh toan theo cong thite 5.1 i céch truc hop s6 theo day sO tigu chuan. Ching han, 46 truc nim trong khoang (65—180)mm, xe thuong mai trong khoang day 125, 140, 160,... b). M6 dun ban ring Mé dun phap tuyén (ma) cia banh ring hop sé 6 t6 thudng duge chon th kinh nghiém nhu hinh 5,69 theo gid tri cla mé men trén truc ‘thir cap (di 58 M,, duge tinh theo cOng thitc sau: Ms = Memax~int-"s- gl ‘Tong 6 Mena .m6 men xodin cy dai cla dng co, fla ty 6 tye wy! 14 higu sudt hop s6. Naot ra, c6 thé chon m6 dun banh ring theo kinh ng - 2,15), 616 du lich (2,75 - 3,00), 6 t6 thuong mai (3,50 — 6 lan (4,25 —5,00),nén luu y chon mé dun theo day 6 tiéu cht Trong nhiéu truéng hgp, céc banh ring hop s6 duge thiét ke v , ngurdi thiét ké sé chon li bs voi xe du lich khoins Ft otis, al i} hrigm: 6 16 du yen) 795), 6 0 ti 205 gi cane 234 } Scanned with CamScanner4, poi voi xe thuong mai, mé dun ai 4 £ wt UG cb ep bah ring edn Ii ( cae banh ring sé 1 va sé lui c6 khic ‘néu banh ring cha : a ie “no (66 ing z= 12) thie6 thé chon mé dun las henge Ce KR ‘ ; hee ATI . an Wg 20 JO 40 $0 6070800100 200 =<) 00 sinh 5.69: Quan hé gitea m6 dun phdp bénh rang (mm, truc tung) vai m6 men dw ra h6p so (daNm, truc hoanh) cjc thing s6 cbn lai cita banh rang hop s6 6 16 (g6c nghiéng ring, s6 rang, bé rong fag... phurong php tinh bén bénh ring) s€ duge chon va tinh theo thiétké binh ring trong céc tai ligu tl ke co khi, c6 cha y dén cdc tiéu chuan banh ring cita (iat Nam hofe céc nude vi dy tiéu chuin Dite DIN 3990 (twong dong TCVN 75181-2017 hay ISO 6336-1:2006). 552, Méts6 van dé can chi ¥ khi tinh toan banh ring «Tai trong tinh toan: : Ché d6 tinh todn strc bén cdc chi tiét trong hdp sO va banh ring cé thé duge tinh theo mé men cyc dai cua dong co truyén xuéng ho&c m6 men bam cia banh xe chit ding truyén lén dén chi tiét tinh toan theo céng thie sau: Theo m6 men cyc dai cia dong co: MF = Memax-i’ Theo mé men bém tir bin xe chi dgng: MP = 22" Trong 46, o 1a hé s6 bam, Ge la trong long bam, i’ 1a ty 86 truyén tinh tir dong co én chi tiét tinh todn, 7? la ty s6 truyén tir chi tiét tinh todn dén banh xe chit dong, labin kinh banh xe chi déng, Ngudi thiét ké sé lya chon gid tri nhé nhat cla m6 en tinh duge tir 2 trong hop nay. *. Giéi han higu suat banh ring: in ; 7 an higu sudt bénh ring la céc hur héng, tiéng én va kha ning chju lye. Higu uitlim vigc gigi han cia mot cp banh rang duge xéc dinh boi bon logi khéc nhau ‘la he héng banh rang (hinh 5.70): 23 Scanned with CamScanner16 “Tinh bén moi binb Fing etng nhy eye ing lim mon (néng va neu Ha, ng thite trong DIN 3990, Banh ring w ; el) chju duge ben udn ya pps%P S54 Jam bing thép xé ze SE a Moligdcn a tng cae g binh, © a Molipd ing dp loai Ren ae oe loi thép cacbon hgp kim cO 3a ane Nig i . nei st Ving sut udn ring: binh ring s6 1 va 2: 35 a 0 MPa, sh" han ing st MN OOMPa, s6 lai: 300 - a ing ul tibp nig: 4 S000MPa dai vai ring thing vi 1000 ~ 2500MPa di véi ban Ting np A oA 5.5.3. Thiét ké tryc hop sb . Tinh chon kich thude trye tet st as | Doing hah so clip di duge tinh theo céng thite kinh nghiém: dy = 10,65/Memax Darimg kinh true trung gian ds va true thir ep ds: dz, ds = (0,4 ~0,45)A, (4, lata, cach true, mm). : ee . Quan hé gitta dudng kinh va d6 dai truc dim bao 46 cig ving truc phai day, ty trung gian d3/lz = 0,16 - 0,18; truc thir cdp: ds/ls = 0,18 — 0,21. b). Tinh toan bén trye hop sb : Tinh toain bén tryc hop s6 bao gém tinh site bén 6 tai trong tinh, msi Va tinh tg 46 cig ving tryc (46 vong va géc xoay) theo cic phuong phap tinh todn tryc troy, cae ti ligu thiét ké co khi, ¢6 chit ¥ eée phn mém tinh toan va toi wu héa kite co khi nhur Catia, Siemens NX Simcenter,... ©). Mot sé dic diém khi thiét ké tinh toan truc hop sé Ké truc trénh tp trung ting suit: trén truc hop sé c6 lip rt nhigu ict Ting va cée linh kign Khe, tao ra v6 s6 céc rah, vai truc, ranh then,... (hinh 57), do vay can trénh céc tap trung tng suat qué mite & céc diém nay dé gidm cic inz suat méi én tryc. : img suit tiép xii Céc tinh toan ve mg suat wdpts Le ning Lim rb bé mat ring, che ri durge tinh chgn theo cae ing, Dhia, chiéu rong chi dong ere ny oo nghi ang tgp xin (hich 5:73) De aan eo MEL ruyen ding bi pdm de tng ting sult ence 6 sung vio cée tinh toin da ti ONS, Cla true pha due kien tna rt cith 3! *, Rung dong true: Cie ki gn tH tinh dén sy bign dang ela vo vi *8c, v.v. 6 mot sé tae dite on quay khong cén bang nhu banh ring, b6 cin cle ring ding xo in vd eae Se én COng hudng rung dong uén tin sb tring cod tong Khong gee 6 cap eiy ra cha yéu do ding congs™ ® Mot sé nguyén tie thet ne may nan gon Nay C6 thé gy rac vt nit m chinh di véi thigt truc inyin got P 88: ti cae vAn da trén dan dén ba yeu" 238 Scanned with CamScanner$72 qlinh Gila, 4 ranh then, s ° ° ° ° ° ° pédip img cdc yeu clit / ke TMA ren; 2, ranh Khoa, 3 7 mg tne suede tren trac hop sdb 7. val we a cde veel tdp rung ti 5, 16 bol trom; 6, ranh von, chan, cary 3: Cae vet tidp xtc rang. by tigp xtie ech a. tiép xtie deus Hinh 5. ‘prdnh cde tp (rune ting sult, Giiim mo men udn trye, gid do vong. ‘pang te 46 164 han cho phép cong hong, u niy, eb ede nguyen tie thidt ké sau: Giim khoing cach gira of 6 trye bing thigt kb bd trl hop sO nho gon. pat cde binh ring 6 img suit lon gin voi cite B tryc dé gidm 49 VOns va mo men udn va dat téc dd t6i han cong herding cao. , ty s6 Did = 1,43 chuyén Chuyén tigp durong kinh gitia cfte dogn tue dudi Jén hon 6 cite vai tryc. tigp non co dang hinh nén hot voi bin kinh cong Cie riinh vong hinh chi nhgt nén lam tron cite canh bén trong cia rainh (hinh 5,740), Nén lim cde vong chiin tron dai 6 gitta tryc. Giitm ting swat tip cdc riinh truc tron; 2s (circlip) 6 cudi tryc; sit dyng doan truc 6 vai trung 6 ede vai trv (hin 5,74b) theo cae cfich: 1 ding ir dyng vai tyra 3 tryo; 3 sir dung cée rainh gidm tng suit; 4 sir dung thém ce ‘inh bé sung trong Vung chuyén tiép. Truc c6 gin cdc bae, moay O phi durge lam diy hon, ban kinh chuyén tigp Jon va gid 46 day vé phia cudi (hinh 5.740), Che 13 khoan ngang tye phai durge lim nhin bing cde rainh & migng 15 Khoan, hot bing cdch ting durdng kinh trae va sir dung ban kinh chuyén tiép Ion hon va bing cdich dit sau ‘efic canh ctia 18 khoan bing mot miéng dém nhin (hinh 5.744), 239 Scanned with CamScanneru chit dng c6 thé s - 5 re in i a in ché tao bing gang dic hog bing thép dp, thy theo Dim cu lién, duge dite lién khdi, c6 6 ben va d6 ete ni Paaaie ig ving cao, tuy nhién cé en céng nghé ph tgp, thutmg ding eho ede loa! xe thvemg moi €6 © pam clu hai nia, duge ghép véi js . radioed wee, eet ae long, durge ché to bing céng ~ Dam edu lien, rong 6 gitta, duge ché tao tir i Anh Shc tnt nay duge tng dung nhieu trén cdc xe du lich va thong mai cd nho va c@ trung. 9.8 Thiét ké va tinh ton edu chit dong 4). Thiét ké va tinh todn truyén Iye chinh Chon ty a truyén cia ob chit dong: ‘Ty so truyén ciia cu chit dong ic = io.ice, bao gdm ty sé truyén cita 66 truyén | chinh io va ty s6 truyén eta b6 truyén Ive cudi cing ie (ndu <6), Cin a vio che 8 liga cha dung dc tinh ngoai sir dung ciia dng co da chon, tién hanh tinh io theo cOng thire: = Eph a BO.ijrdpe Vax Trong 46: in ld ty 86 truyén ting cia hop 6 (néu 06) va ip. Ia ty 86 truyén cao ciia hop s6 phy (néu cé, thurong chon jpe= I = 1,5); ny la s6 vong quay ciia dong co tmg véi tbe d6 Ion nhat cita 6 16 Vinx va ny fd ban kin lan cita bnh xe chii dong. Cin cit vao gid tri io nay, két hgp véi cdc yéu cdu khade cia 6 t, tién hinh phan bd hop ly s6 truyén cho b@ truyén Iue chink io va truyén Iue cuéi cing ice. Truyén Iye cubi cing c6 thé d3t cing véi truyén lye chinh, dat hai bén (truyén Iwe can) hoi dat trong bénh xe (truyén lye ban xe) nhur da trinh bay 6 cde phan trén, Trong thiét ké 6 t6, thng thung céc cum t6ng thinh cia hé théng truyén lye cling duye chon lip. Vi vay 6 day cing phai tién hinh chon mot s6,céu cha dng 06 io gin xip xi i tinh todn (sau khi da dim bao cée yéu cau thiét ké khéic), Chon io lon fon hay nhé hon ig tinh todn ciing theo nhimg nguyén tic trén. Trong trubng hop cé si'sai Iéch qué Ién, gui tinh todn phai dé xudt thiétké cau chi dng moi. TL cdu chi dng 6 t6 phai dap img céc yéu cau: dim bio chat luong dOng,lue hoc cao vatinh kinh té nhién ligu cia 6 t6, hoat dong ém diu khéng c6 tiéng On, dm bio site bén, d6 cimg vig va tinh nhé gon; thao Kip va digu chinh dé dang. Lya chon loai truyén luc chinh phy thude vio kich thudée khuén kho, nhung phai dim bio kho’ng sang gam xe cho tinh co d6ng ctta 6 t6. Dé c6 bo truyén Iye chinh nhé gon ngudi thiét ké cé thé gidm sé rang cia banh rang cén chit déng dén gid tri thd nit. Mat khéc, xu hung thiét ké thuong ding m6t loai cau chi Ong tré io én nén ting bare chassis chung cho nhiu logi xe hoge xu hudng khac lé dling nh loai ty sb inyén cia trayén Iu chinh cia cing mot Logi edu eh dng cho mnhigu logi xe 287 Scanned with CamScannerang mot bare chassis co bg ) y cng mot bare chassis 8 tg gy ob the thay COE uc chinh Khée ni in. hav. Nhu va¥ oi dn cua trayen Ive chin Khée nhau phy 3 i wre iin 3 yoy jy cita mt s6 loai truyén lice chin 8S tai cb 2 = 5.15; Dac.in iu chu chi dong i pang SP oto viecedes wi TLC a p O08 weaves a ia aia | VP ais Vii TLC hinh tinh ip = Lag Chevrolet TOROS _ Eaton ip = 1,39 K500 pod 4030 | 6220 f Gon] «Eaton ip = 1,361 7000 6150 ; 500 Eaton ip = 1,39 5000 | Voi TLC hinh tinh ip= 1.39 5100 Eaton ip = 1,39 Jolvo L 46 6100 _ 1d Cone ‘6000 | Eaton 16500; ip = 1,39 Leyland Co ‘tee 6.14018 535 | Thy t€ tht ké cde b6 truyén Ie chinh chi ra ring nén chon b6 truyén iy kiéu hypoid, vita c6 d6 ben cao, vira hoat dong ém diu va cé kich thuée gon ts go ra khosing sang gam xe cao, Thiét ké tinh toén truyén ye chink: Thiet ke tinh toan truyén lye chinh bao gdm xc dinh kich thuée ciia cée cap Ring, kiém tra d6 bén, tinh toan truc va cdc 6 bi. B6 TLC trung tém ciing si. cae loai vat ligu banh ring nhu ciia hép sé. Mé dun cia cdc banh rang cén duge theo diéu kign bén dn, sir dung cong thite: M, ; VePaiWnZy Trong 44: lb pée nonsa . tog Mig BA men ef 78 tng binh cia ring trong mat phiing rung tye "ing cia binh ing teong qe oe © ban xe chi déng (K ect): Yel igs ral wn cho php etree 86 Ping cia bn rng bn chi nes Noun tinh todn dupe a chon ve SB/°™). Wn Li he 86 mo dun cia ring. NO™ WémO men truyén tir mat ha Er lon nat gitta ms men truyén tir d6ngco™ 8 dun Phéptrung binh dupe a fen. Quan hg gita mé dun mat dau cia ie” 288 inh: ° Mneb = 1,15 COS By Scanned with CamScanner' ' i | wt gg: b Mi chicu rng lm vige eta ede banh | wd Zor bsing my = My + ating = Muth besin 5 — ae zy on pigs On chia eta bank ring via in Fl Roe 1 cn chia cia bitnh im ‘ae rang medurge tidy chudn hoa, "elng edn (em), Gi tr mode nt 5 pring ngudi thidt kd alanis dane B NUH thidt kd Na chon theo hink 5.12: ih bin & "S125 trang ing vi yh ee yank ring trong dione 2. " sre e 4 ny (rong hinh §.124) duge tinh: Ba VA Zo. = - 730 200 300 00 Ze W216 2 3 40 10 1 Hn 5.125: Chon hg sé dang réng ye theo s6 rang va hé sé dich chinh Tiong thigt KEbd TLC 6 t6, hé sé m6 dun Wm durge chon trong khodng tir5-7; con tng (Koln) nhd nhat cia banh ring cho déng Zmia> 5. Gid tr tOi ma cia g6c Pro A ‘ong khoang 35° — 40°, Gi tri mg suat udn cho phép cia ring duge chon theo HEusit dung ki thiét ké, See “ "ing cia ce banh rng durge tinh: b = wana thong thudng Khi thet wé {tttheo céng thie kinh nghigm b = (0,25 ~ 0,33)L: trong dé La ehiéw it ea “sinh hinh nén phan chia. 289 Scanned with CamScannerN ‘Tinh toan ben banh rang cén duge hie tra theo sitc bén tiép xtc, 4) Véigg nee : cén xodin, img suat tiép xue durge tin —, 7 o, = 0,418 5 COS yp ‘Trong dd: b= aah chigu dai ciia ring; do lat g6c &n khdp trong may i 08 Pm bn h g quy doi, duge tinh: tuyén; p Hi bin kinh cong 4 i Sb) sinc Phing Phi P+ P2 Cig + 1)COSBm V§i ligu sin xudt ede banh ring TLC IA cde ogi thép hop kim 12, 15, 18, 6 img swat udn cho phép [ou] = 700 — 900 MPa, ting suat tiép xtc cho has 1000 MPa, Tinh todn tryc va 6 bi bé TLC duge thyc hign nhu cae tinh t, ca miy thng thudng. 0, Chi tig b). Thiét ké va tinh todn bd vi sai Tinh todn site bén b6 vi sai bao gdm tinh todn cdc banh ring hanh tinh, ring trung tim (banh ring nim trén bén tryc) va cdc truc hanh tinh, Mé toan vi sai duge cho theo céng thite: maxinig A M, : : og Kk TtA Trong d6: Menax ti: m6 men én nhat cua dong co; in la ty s6 truyén hép s65 i so truyén b6 TLC; K li s6 banh ring hanh tinh; 2 a hé sé ham (khéa) vi we tic dung lén b6 vi sai nhur hinh 5.126, cde bing Men tin 290 Scanned with CamScanneriép tuyén T ta c tigp tuyen T te dung Tén céc ring cia cée bénh ring hinh tinh va binh ring pan try duge tinh: T= we = Memartn ig 2 . im K.R, . ‘trong, 46: Rm 1a ban kinh trung binh cia bing ang bes tye gd: Re Id ban Kin trung rTircOng thire tinh lye tiép tuyén T, ta c6 thé tinh i ‘ng Kn cdc ban rang hinh tinh duge tinh: $< Wand Troms Ob Ih oe inkhop cia bh ring, 8 lim6t nia gécedn chia, en" Tone de a Bebe Lh Tete ae Cie Iye huréng kinh te dyng len ede oa nin tinh dge xée dinh tr m6 men dng eee Ty = Memax-in-in Tinh toan cfc truc banh ring hanh tinh theo er 46 img sudt cit do Ty: 4Tq _ 4Memaxinio : + ed: K. A Ung sult eft cho phép nim trong khodng pie 1000K gle? Cie tryc ciia céc banh ring hinh tinh cin duge tinh & ché 46 chén dap gitta banh ring hanh tinh va tryc ciing nhu giita tryc va v6 vi sai dudi tac dung cia cdc Ic Ts va Lal. Tinh todn chén dap gitra truc banh rang hanh tinh va v6 vi sai theo: oe Tar _ Memaxtnio pte ayhy KRydyhy ting suat chen dp cho phép: [04] = 800— 1000Kg/em*, Tinh toan chén dap gitta truc va banh rang hanh tinh theo: Ta__ Memaxtnio Rai hy KRmdyhy Ung sudt chén dap cho phép: [os] = 400 ~ 600Kg/em. 6), Thiét ké va tinh toan ban truc Tinh toan ban truc gidm tai hoan toan: Ban truc gidm tai hoan toan duge tinh theo cl c hé dé tdi trong eye dai. Digu kign ben duge kiém tra theo img suat xodn t va g6c xoan 6. ey _ Xmaxth — Mimax.g = ‘max = yw, We? nae Gh m ‘ ‘ Trong dé Xmax ld lyre doc true eye dai (hinh 5.122); Weld mé men chéng xoan cia tiét dign ban truc; Mjmax 14 m6 men d6ng lye cue dai trén ban true, ¢6 thé lay Mjmax i G 1a mé dun dan hoi xoain; | 1a chiew dai ban truc. Cc gid tri cho phép [tmx] 10 — 700MPa; Omax = 6° — 151m chiéu dai ban tru * Tinh toan bin truc gidm tai 1/2: Céc ban true giam tai ¥4 (hinh 5.122c) duge tinh theo 3 ché d6 tai trong dac trung: chuyén dong thang voi ue doe cyte dai (banh xe trugt doc); chuyén déng quay vong véi le ngang cuc dai (banh xe trugt ngang) va 291 M jmax 180° Scanned with CamScanner§ ghé voi luc thing dimg cuc dai (bg, én duong go ghé voi luc thang ° dai (banh xe 4 chuyén J En on ba tryc gidm tai ¥ nhu hinh 5.17 *°¢ig,, ciia dudmg). So My Xj io Hinh 5.127: So dé cdc lec tée dung lén cdu chiy ding rai vel tiép xttc gitta ba 4 mit dudng co cdc phan lye tic dung th vet tiep xtie gitta banh xe va mat w SC dung theo 3 tk phin Ive thing dimg Z1 va Za; cdc lye doc Xi va Xos cae ly Pho, “Me gang Y, 4.1 Trong dé Itc dge c6 thé la lye kéo hay lye phanh, lyre ngang khi xe chay tr, ta nghigng hoje quay ving, 1 © Ché d9 tinh khi xe chay thing véi lye doc eye dai 2 Lue doc eye dai due chon gid trj 16n nhat cita 2 gid tri luc kéo hod lye Phat; bén duge tinh toan theo img suat uén va xoan tng hop om tai tiét Fl dign nguy bide Orn = Vo® + AT; trong dd: ee a)XaxtZhax ‘masts Ung suat won: ¢ = "va img suat xoin: Amat Voi Wu va Wx area ; e We 1a m6 men chéng udn va chong xoan ctia tiét ign tinh toén, * Ché dé tinh khi xe = Sete) vagy = Wereczea) he 8 Voi le dig Z cue dai ay sé 8 Sao at 4 Zp tinh the és6 hte nay s€ bao gém: luc thing dig Zi va Zo tint a nak ai oi xe dalch ke= 1.75, se tii a eT sei ang Dike k= 2.5) cée Ine doc X, va eet ys det ‘one igukign bin duge kiém naa 22% ode Ine ngang Yi ¥ . o = Zmax-@ Ung sudt uén tén, 5 W, 8 hop cho phép [o} = 2 P(e] = 600 -750MPa, Scanned with CamScannerdy, Thiét ké va tinh ton dim chu cha apn; ‘Trong qué trinh chuyén dong cia 616, dim chu chit dng chju céc ché 46 tai trong rt phic ep, do vay, ngurdi ta phai quy vé 3 ché d6 tinh to’n véi so dé tinh toan nhwr hinh 5.125. Hinh 5.128: So dé tinh todn dam edu chii dong Phin Iyc tai cdc banh xe theo 3 phuong la Xi, Yi va Zi; trong lugng 6 t6 lén cau 1a Gz, Ire ngang sinh ra trong chuyén ddng ciia 6 16 dat tai trong tam 1a Y. Tinh ton ché 49 chuyén dng thing v6i lye doc cye dal Trong trrdng hyp nay, dim cdu chi déng chju céc lye va m6 men sau: Lye doc 6 banh bén trdi va bén phi X; va X2 tinh theo diéu kign bam. Lyc ngang banh bén trai va phai Y; va Y2 bing khong, Cdn phan Iyc thing dimg sé tinh theo phan bé trong lurgng ctia 6 6 Ién cau chi déng tinh toan. Céc Iyc nay gay mé men uén va xofin dim cau nhur sau: M6 men uén do cdc lye Zit Myz = m2. 5 Mé men uén do cde Ite Xi: Myx = pm Sl; M6 men xoiin: My = XmaxT> = em, 2.15 Tinh toan ché d$ chuyén dgng quay vong véi lye ngang cure dai Trong trudng hgp nay, dim cau chi déng chju céc lye sau: Lyc doc & banh bén trai va bén phai X1 va X2 bing khéng. Lye ngang & banh bén trai va phai Y1 = oye va Y2= @yZ2. Phin Iye thing dimg: Z = (1+ "2"; 22 =G2—Zs. Trong tring hop nay, dam cau chju cdc mé men udn do céc luc Z; va Yi. M6 men tong lén nhat hai bén dim cdu la: O phia bén trai: Mu = Yu.tv; O phia bén phai: Me = Y2.th + Zz. ooo - Tinh toan ché 49 chuyén dong dudng go ghé véi lye dimg eye dai Trong trudng hgp nay, dim edu chi déng chju céc lye sau: Iue doc X va lye ngang Y déu bing khong. Phin lye thing dimg: Zi = Zo = ke.G/2. Hé s6 tai trong dng duge Idy nhur trurdng hop ban truc chiu tai %. 293 Scanned with CamScanner