 The spaces are individualistic in size,

DESIGN REVIEWER shape, and form. The walls that enclose

them adapt their forms to accommodate
SPACE ARTICULATION the differences between adjacent
spaces.
SPACE

 Space is the three-dimensional field in which objects

and events occur and have relative position and direction,
especially a portion of that field set apart in a given
instance or for a particular purpose

1. SPACE WITHIN A SPACE

 In this type of spatial relationship, the larger, enveloping
space serves as a three-dimensional field for the smaller
space contained within it.
 EXAMPLE

Moore house; California, US. Charles Moore.

LAWRENCE HOUSE
Sea Ranch, California. MooreTurnbull/MLTW.
 Three spaces—the living, fireplace, and dining
areas—are defined by changes in Floor level,
ceiling height, and quality of light and view,
rather than by wall planes

2. INTERLOCKING SPACES
 An interlocking spatial relationship results from the
overlapping of two spatial fields and the emergence of a
zone of shared space
 EXAMPLE
Plan for St. Peter
Second Version. Donato Bramante and
Baldassare Peruzzi.
4. SPACE LINK BY A COMMON SPACE
 Two spaces that are separated by distance can be
linked or related to each other by a third, intermediate,
space..
 EXAMPLE
One-Half House
John Hejduk

Villa at Carthage
Tunisia. Le Corbusier

3. ADJACENT SPACES
 Adjacency is the most common type of spatial
Relationship.
 It allows each space to be clearly defined and to respond,
each in its own way, to specific functional or symbolic
requirements.
 EXAMPLES
CHISWICK HOUSE
London, England. Lord Burlington and
William Kent.
SPACIAL ORGANIZATION 2. LINEAR
 A linear organization consists essentially of a series of
1. CENTRALIZED spaces. These spaces can either be directly related to
 A centralized organization is a stable, one another or be linked through a separate and
concentrated composition that consists of a distinct linear space.
number of secondary spaces grouped around a  EXAMPLE
large, dominant, central space RESIDENTIAL EXPANSION
 EXAMPLE St. Andrew’s University, Scotland.
 Linear Sequences of Spaces
TAJ MAHAL
Agra, India.
 The pattern of circulation and movement within a
centralized organization may be radial, loop, or spiral in
form. In almost every case, however, the pattern will
terminate in or around the central space.

LLOYD LEWIS HOUSE

Libertyville, Illinois. Frank Lloyd Wright
 Linear Sequences of Rooms

VILLA FARNESE
Caprarola, Italy.
 The pattern of circulation and movement within a
centralized organization may be radial, loop, or spiral in
form. In almost every case, however, the pattern
willterminate in or around the central space

ROMANO HOUSE
Kentfield, California.
 Adapting to Function and Site

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY BUILDING

Dacca, Bangladesh. Louis Kahn.
3. RADIAL
 A radial organization of space combines elements of
both centralized and linear organizations. It consists
of a dominant central space from which a number of
linear organizations extend in a radial manner.
 EXAMPLE
GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM
Bilbao, Spain. Frank Gehry.
 The central space of a radial organization is
generally regular in form. The linear arms, for which
the central space is the hub, may be similar to one
another in form and length and maintain the
regularity of the organization’s overall form.
 4. CLUSTERED
 A clustered organization relies on physical proximity to
relate its spaces to one another. It often consists of
repetitive, cellular spaces that have similar functions
and share a common visual trait such as shape or
orientation.
 EXAMPLE
YENI-KAPLICA
(Thermal Bath) Bursa, Turkey.
 spaces Organized by Geometry

CANBERRA
Australia. Walter Burley Griffin.

PALACE OF KING MINOS

Knossos, Crete.
 Spaces Organized Around a Dominant Space

H. F. JOHNSON HOUSE
Wind Point, Wisconsin. Frank Lloyd Wright
 A specific variation of a radial organization is the RAJARAJESHWARA TEMPLE
pinwheel pattern wherein the linear arms of the Thanjavur, India
organization extend from the sides of a square or  Spaces Organized within a Spatial Field
rectangular central space

WINGSPREAD
(Herbert F. Johnson House) Wind Point, Wisconsin. Frank
Lloyd Wright.
 A specific variation of a radial organization is the
pinwheel pattern wherein the linear arms of the
organization extend from the sides of a square or
rectangular central space.
 ST. CARLO ALLE QUATTRO FONTANE
Rome. Francesco Borromini.
 Spaces Organized by Axial Symmetries
GAMBLE HOUSE
Pasadena, California. Greene & Greene.
 Spaces Organized by Geometric Pattern
5. GRID
 A grid organization consists of forms and space whose
positions in space and relationships with one another
are regulated by a three-dimensional grid pattern or
field.
 EXAMPLE
SHODHAN HOUSE
Ahmedabad, India. Le Corbusier.
ERIC BOISSONAS HOUSE I
New Canaan, Connecticut. Philip Johnson
PROXEMICS
 Proxemics is the study of the symbolic and
Communicative role of the spatial separation
individuals maintain in various social and
interpersonal situations, and how the nature and
degree of this spatial arrangement relates to
environmental and cultural factors.
 PERSONAL SPACE
o The variable and subjective distance at
which one person feels comfortable talking
to another. Also called personal distance.
LEVELS OF DISTNACE
1. INTIMATE DISTANCE
 0-18 inches (0-450mm).
 Voluntarily selected gap between people who are drawn
to each other. At this close range, vision is distorted and
any vocalization is a whisper, moan, or grunt.
2. PERSONAL DISTANCE
 18 inches to 4 feet (450mm-1.20m)
 The sense of body heat is lost. Eyesight begins to
focus, and vocalization comes into play. Although only
ritualized touch is typical, the other person is still at
arm’s length, available to be grasped, held, or shoved
away.
3. SOCIAL DISTANCE
 4 to 10 feet (1.20m - 3.00m)
 This is the zone of impersonal transaction. We now
have to rely solely on what we can see and hear. By the
middle of the range, the eye can focus on an entire
face. When the distance is more than eight feet, it’s OK
to ignore another’s presence and it’s easy to disengage
from a conversation.
4. PUBLIC DISTANCE
 10 feet to infinity (3 meters and beyond)
 This is the zone where we can no longer pick up subtle
nuances of meaning from the face or tone of voice. The
eye can take in the whole body at a glance. It’s the
distance of the lecture hall, mass meetings, and
interactions with powerful figures until such time as they
bid you to come closer.
5. SEMI-FIXED FEATURE SPACE
 10 feet to infinity (3 meters and beyond)
 Furniture arrangement in public places has a distinct
relationship to the degree of conversation.
o Sociopetal Space
Spaces which tend to bring people together.
o Sociofugal Space
Tend to keep people apart and discourage
conversations.